by Mark Zuehlke
16 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, 4.
17 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the rcaf —A Record for Canada, vol. 2 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 920 –21.
18 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, 5.
19 Portugal, vol. 2, 921.
20 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, 5.
21 Portugal, vol. 2, 928 –30.
22 “Correspondence with J. Walter Keith based on his interviews of Jack Mooney,” possession of the author.
23 Portugal, vol. 2, 931.
24 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 260.
25 Michael R. McNorgan, The Gallant Hussars: A History of the 1st Hussars Regiment (Aylmer, ON: 1st Hussars Cavalry Fund, 2004), 161.
26 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 261–62.
27 ‘C’ Company–Cussy, 1 Bn, Canadian Scottish Regiment, Personal Accounts of Battle Cdn Scottish Jun 44–May 45,” 145.2C4009 (D11), DHH, DND, 1.
28 Geoffrey Corry, interview by Tom Torrie, August 12, 1987, UVICSC.
29 “C Company–Cussy,” 1.
30 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 10.
31 Corry interview.
32 Portugal, vol. 2, 931.
33 Brown, 96 –97.
34 Portugal, vol. 2, 931–32.
35 Eric Luxton, ed., 1st Battalion, The Regina Rifles Regiment, 1939–1946 (Regina: The Regt., 1946), 117.
36 “Report No. 50, The Campaign in North-West Europe—Information from German Sources, Part II: Invasion and Battle of Normandy (6 Jun–22 Aug 44),” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 143.
37 Kurt Meyer, Grenadier: The Story of Waffen ss General Kurt “Panzer” Meyer (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), 265–66.
38 Charles P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 162.
39 Stacey, 162.
40 Reginald H. Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: Macmillan, 1984), 61.
41 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 6.
6 MOST SUCCESSFUL OPERATION
1 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the rcaf —A Record for Canada, vol. 6 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 934–37.
2 Terry Copp, Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003), 115.
3 Portugal, vol. 6, 934–37.
4 W.T. Barnard, The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada, 1860–1960: One Hundred Years of Canada (Don Mills, ON: Ontario Publishing Company, 1960), 209.
5 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 4.
6 “Report No. 162, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Canadian Military Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 64.
7 North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 5.
8 Will Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (Fredericton: Brunswick Press, 1963), 306.
9 North Shore Regiment War Diary, 5.
10 Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment, 299 –303.
11 North Shore Regiment War Diary, 5.
12 Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment, 300 –01.
13 “Memorandum of Interview with Lt. Col. G.H. Christiansen, OC, SD&G Highlanders, by Historical Officer, 1 Aug 44,” 145.258011(D2), DHH, DND, 1.
14 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 10.
15 H.M. Jackson, The Sherbrooke Regiment (12th Armoured Regiment) (n.p., 1958), 133.
16 Charles P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 162.
17 “Interview with Lt. Col. Christiansen,” 1.
18 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the rcaf —A Record for Canada, vol. 3 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1239.
19 “Interview with Lt. Col. Christiansen,” 1.
20 Portugal, vol. 3, 1239.
21 “27 CDN ARMD REGT (SHER FUS) C AC : OP ‘Charnwood,’ The Fall of Caen—8/9 Jul 44,” 17 Jul 44, 141.4A27013 (D2), DHH, DND, 12–14.
22 “Interview with Lt. Col. Christiansen,” 2.
23 Stormont, Dundas War Diary, 10.
24 “Interview with Lt. Col. Christiansen,” 2–3.
25 Walter G. Pavey, An Historical Account of the 7th Canadian Reconnaissance Regiment in the World War, 1939–1945 (Gardenvale, QC : Harpell’s Press, 1948), 48.
26 Stacey, 162.
27 “Memorandum of Interview with Lt. Col. T.C. Lewis, OC 7 cdn recce regt (17 DYRCH) by Historical Officer, 24 Jul. 44.” 141.4A7011(D1), DHH, DND, 2.
28 Stacey, 162–63.
29 Stormont, Dundas War Diary, 10.
30 William Boss, Up the Glens: Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, 1783–1994, 2nd ed. (Cornwall, ON: Old Book Store, 1995), 109.
31 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the rcaf —A Record for Canada, vol. 2 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 937.
32 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 7.
33 Thomas William Lowell Butters, interview by Tom Torrie, August 19, 1978, UVICSC.
34 “Report on Ops 3 Cdn Inf Div 1/31 Jul 44 : Charnwood Appendix,” 235C3.013 (D10), vol. 10908, RG24, LAC, 4.
35 Stacey, 163.
36 “Report No. 58, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 76.
37 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 4.
38 Boss, 110 –11.
39 Copp, Fields of Fire, 115.
40 John A. English, Failure in High Command: The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign (Ottawa: Golden Dog Press, 1995), 226 –27.
41 English, 226.
42 J.L. Granatstein, The Generals: The Canadian Army’s Senior Commanders in the Second World War (Toronto: Stoddart, 1993), 166.
43 Copp, Fields of Fire, 115.
44 Stephen Ashley Hart, Montgomery and ‘Colossal Cracks’: The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944–45 (London: Praeger, 2000), 175.
45 Copp, Fields of Fire, 115.
46 Granatstein, The Generals, 109 –10.
47 Paul Douglas Dickson, A Thoroughly Canadian General: A Biography of General H.D.G.Crerar (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2007), 280.
48 Granatstein, The Generals, 109 –10.
49 Crerar Papers, MG30 #157, vol. 7, 985C.001(D180), LAC.
7 LITTLE EXCUSE FOR IT
1 J.L. Granatstein, The Generals: The Canadian Army’s Senior Commanders in the Second World War (Toronto: Stoddart, 1993), 163.
2 “Lessons learned from Ops during War, by Lt-Gen GG Simonds, 1 Jul 44,” 225C2.012 (D8), vol. 10799, box 215, RG24, LAC.
3 “Personal Diary of Brig N.E. Rodger, C of S 2 Cdn Corps,” 225C2.011(D2), vol. 10798, box 214, RG24, LAC, 13.
4 Terry Copp, Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003), 117.
5 “Report No. 162, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Canadian Military Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 77.
6 Carlo D’Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (London: Penguin, 1983), 321.
7 “Report No. 58, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 100.
8 D’Este, 325–32.
9 Ibid., 333.
10 Robin Neillands, The Battle of Normandy, 1944 (London: Cassell, 2002), 216 –18.
11 “Report No. 162,” para. 80.
12 Ibid., para. 82.
13 “Report No. 50, The Campaign in North-West Europe—Info
rmation from German Sources, Part II: Invasion and Battle of Normandy (6 Jun–22 Aug 44),” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 144.
14 Michael Reynolds, Steel Inferno: i ss Panzer Corps in Normandy (New York: Dell, 1997), 205.
15 Kurt Meyer, Grenadier: The Story of Waffen ss General Kurt “Panzer” Meyer (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), 267–68.
16 “Report No. 58,” paras. 97–100.
17 Ken M. Hossack, Mike Target (Ottawa: n.p., 1945), 3.
18 George G. Blackburn, The Guns of Normandy: A Soldier’s Eye View, France 1944 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1997), 62.
19 Hossack, 3.
20 George Blackburn, The History of the 4th Field Regiment (n.p., 1945), 81.
21 James Douglas Baird, interview by William S. Thackray, June 17 and 27, July 18, 1980, UVICSC.
22 Blackburn, Guns of Normandy, 69 –71.
23 Ibid., 79.
24 Blackburn, History of 4th Field Regiment, 82.
25 5th Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 2.
26 6th Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 2.
27 D.J. Goodspeed, Battle Royal: A History of the Royal Regiment of Canada, 1862–1962 (Toronto: The Royal Regiment of Canada Assoc., 1962), 416 –18.
28 Royal Hamilton Light Infantry War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 6.
29 Arthur K. Kembar, The Six Years of 6 Canadian Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery (Amsterdam: Town Printing, 1945), 52.
30 Denis Whitaker, Shelgah Whitaker, and Terry Copp, The Soldiers’ Story: Victory at Falaise (Toronto: Harper Collins, 2000), 43.
31 Hossack, 3–4.
8 OFFENSIVE SPIRIT
1 Dominick Graham, The Price of Command: A Biography of General Guy Simonds (Toronto: Stoddart, 1993), 145.
2 J.L. Granatstein, The Generals: The Canadian Army’s Senior Commanders in the Second World War (Toronto: Stoddart, 1993), 166 –67.
3 Maj. A.T. Sesia, “General Simonds Speaks: Canadian Battle Doctrine in Normandy,” Canadian Military History, vol. 8, no. 2 (Spring 1999), 70 –76.
4 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 17.
5 Harvey Bailey, interview by Tom Torrie, August 19, 1987, UVICSC.
6 Canadian Scottish War Diary, 13.
7 Bailey interview.
8 Reginald H. Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 269.
9 Canadian Scottish War Diary, 19.
10 L.F. Ellis, The Battle of Normandy, vol. 1 of Victory in the West (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1962), 334–38.
11 “Report No. 58, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 145.
12 Ibid., para. 137.
13 Ellis, 336.
14 “3rd Canadian Infantry Report on Operation ‘Atlantic,’” 235C3.013 (D14), vol. 10908, RG24, LAC, 1–2.
15 Charles P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944– 1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 171.
16 “Report No. 50, The Campaign in North-West Europe—Information from German Sources, Part II: Invasion and Battle of Normandy (6 Jun–22 Aug 44),” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, para.154.
17 Samuel W. Mitcham Jr., Panzers in Normandy: General Hans Eberbach and the German Defense of France, 1944 (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2009), 76 –79.
18 Robin Neillands, The Battle of Normandy, 1944 (London: Cassell, 2002), 256 –57.
19 Honorary Colonel Charley Fox: Canadian Wartime Fighter Pilot, November 11, 2008, www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article5126145.ece (accessed November 17, 2010).
20 “Report No. 50,” paras. 157–164.
21 “Report No. 58,” para. 137.
22 George G. Blackburn, The Guns of Normandy: A Soldier’s Eye View, France 1944 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1997), 156.
23 “Report No. 58,” para. 146.
24 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada, vol. 2 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972), 295.
25 Blackburn, Guns of Normandy, 158.
26 “Report No. 58,” para. 146.
27 Ibid., para. 147.
28 Mitcham, 77–78.
29 Reynolds, 215.
9 EXPENSIVE VICTORIES
1 “Report No. 58, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, paras. 149 –50.
2 Jacques Castonguay and Armand Ross, Le Régiment de la Chaudière (Lévis, QC : n.p., 1983), 276.
3 Roy Whitsed, Canadians: A Battalion at War (Mississauga, ON: Burlington Books, 1996), 85–87.
4 Charles Cromwell Martin, Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee (Toronto, Dundurn, 1994), 48 –49.
5 Whitsed, 87.
6 W.T. Barnard, The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada, 1860–1960: One Hundred Years of Canada (Don Mills, ON: Ontario Publishing Company, 1960), 211.
7 Whitsed, 87–92.
8 Martin, 48 –49.
9 Barnard, 211.
10 Whitsed, 91–92.
11 “Memorandum of Interview with Lt. J.A.C. Auld, Comd 13 PL, QOR of C by Historical Officer, 22 Jul 44,” 145.2Q2011(D1), DHH, DND, 2.
12 Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 5.
13 Whitsed, 89.
14 “Report No. 162, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Canadian Military Headquarters, DHH, DND, para. 95.
15 “Memorandum of Interview with Lt. Col. D.B. Buell, OC, and Lt. H.L. Day, IO, N Shore R by Historical Officer, 27 Jul 44,” 145.2N3011(D2), DHH, 1.
16 “3rd Canadian Infantry Report on Operation ‘Atlantic,’” 235C3.013 (D14), vol. 10908, RG24, LAC, 3.
17 “Interview with Lt. Col. Buell,” 1.
18 “Report No. 58,” para. 155.
19 Eric Luxton, ed., 1st Battalion, the Regina Rifles Regiment, 1939–1946 (Regina: The Regt., 1946), 45.
20 “Report No. 58,” para. 155.
21 Ibid., para. 153.
22 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the rcaf —A Record for Canada, vol. 6 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 2839.
23 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the rcaf —A Record for Canada, vol. 3 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1314.
24 Portugal, vol. 6, 2839 –40.
25 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, July–Aug 1944, RG24, LAC, 15.
26 Castonguay and Ross, 276.
27 Portugal, vol. 6, 1314–15.
28 Stormont, Dundas War Diary, 15.
29 “Interview with Lt. Col. Buell,” 1–2.
30 Will Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (Fredericton: Brunswick Press, 1963), 343–44.
31 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 10.
32 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 9.
33 Gordon Brown and Terry Copp, Look to Your Front … Regina Rifles: A Regiment at War, 1944–45 (Waterloo, ON: Laurier Centre Military Strategic Disarmament Studies, 2001), 117–18.
34 Stewart A.G. Mein, Up the Johns! The Story of the Royal Regina Rifles (North Battleford, SK: Turner-Warwick, 1992), 119.
35 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, 11.
36 Will R. Bird, No Retreating Footsteps: The Story of the North Nova Scotia Highlanders (Hantsport, NS: Lancelot Press, 1983), 143.
37 Charles P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 172.
10 GREENHORNERS
1 2nd Canadian Infantry Division (General Staff) War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 135.
2 J.L. Granat
stein, The Generals: The Canadian Army’s Senior Commanders in the Second World War (Toronto: Stoddart, 1993), 174–75.
3 Royal Regiment of Canada War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 9.
4 “Account of the attack on Louvigny night 18 –19 Jul given by Maj. T.F. Whitley, R Regt C, as told to Capt. Engler at Venoix, 20 Jul 44,” 145.2R17011(D4), DHH, DND, 1.
5 Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details, DHH, DND, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=OliverClifford&lastname=Tryon&rec=id1171 (accessed November 20, 2010).
6 “Account by Whitley,” 1–2.
7 Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details, DHH, DND, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=JamesRobert&lastname=Corbett&rec=id4601 (accessed November 20, 2010).
8 Terry Copp, The Brigade: Fifth Canadian Infantry Brigade, 1939–1945 (Stoney Creek, ON: Fortress Publications, 1992), 54.
9 Black Watch War Diary, July 1944, possession of the author, 5.
10 . Copp, The Brigade, 55.
11 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada), 277–78.
12 D.J. Goodspeed, Battle Royal: A History of the Royal Regiment of Canada, 1862–1962 (Toronto: Royal Regt. of Canada Assoc., 1962), 423–24.
13 “Account by Whitley,” 2.
14 “War Diaries 2 Cdn Corps, Jul/Dec 44 in details of Op ‘Atlantic,’ ‘Totalize,’ ‘Tractable,’ etc by Brig. NE Rodger, C of S, Atlantic,” 225C2.008 (D9), vol. 10798, box 214, RG24, LAC, 5.
15 John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris (London: Pimlico, 2004), 216.
16 Max Hastings, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy (London: Pan Books, 1985), 277.
17 Alexander McKee, Caen: Anvil of Victory (London: Souvenir Press, 1964), 278.
18 Simon Trew and Stephen Badsey, Battle For Caen (Phoenix Mill, UK: Sutton, 2004), 89 –94.
19 “Report No. 58, Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944, Part II: Canadian Operations in July,” Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters, DHH, DND, paras. 169 –71.
20 Ibid., para. 173.
21 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, July 1944, RG24, LAC, 11.
22 Gérard Marchand, Le Régiment de Maisonneuve vers la Victoire, 1944–1945 (Montreal: Les Presses Libres, 1980), 64.