by Lloyd, Nick
Moyenneville 80
Mudros island 226
Müller, Georg von 197
mustard gas 102–6, 135, 181, 190
mutineers 194
Nazi Party 274–5
see also Hitler, Adolf
Neuville-Bourjonval British cemetery xxxiii
New Zealand Division 136
Niemann, Major Alfred 235
1918. War and Peace (Dallas) xxxi
Nivelle offensive 22, 63
Noakes, Frederick 231–2
Norroy 104
northern Army Group (Germany) 57
Nouvron 74
Noyon, Canal du Nord 74, 94–5
Oberndorff, Count 253
Oise River 74, 145, 211
‘Old Bill’ (cartoon character) 20
Order of the Black Eagle 195
Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele 216
Orpen, Sir William 21, 62–3
Ors 248, 250, 279
Ottoman Empire 142, 142–3, 226, 271
Ourcq River 6
Owen, Wilfred 134–5, 189–90, 207–8, 248, 250, 254, 279
Palestine xxxiii, 226
Paris 20, 25
Paris–Avricourt railway line 25
Passhaus, Karl 111–12
Patton, Colonel George S. 120, 160, 164
‘peaceful penetration’ 31
Peck, Colonel 230
Péronne 64, 86–7, 95, 107
Pershing, General John
Allied contingent commanders’ meeting 24, 26–7
attack at Argonne 160–61
character of 26–7
comments on US positions northwest of Verdun 152–4
convinced that the Armistice premature 277–8
corps reaches the Meuse 242
desired an American sector on Western Front 126–8
fighting on the Meuse ‘most desperate battle of our history’ 207
finally agreed US divisions to serve under British/French command 118
forced to suspend operations in Meuse–Argonne 166
forces particularly susceptible to gas attacks 104
humiliated by primitive state of US aviation 117
inspected American sector with Foch/Weygand 140
meeting with Foch 226
now involved in brutal attritional slog 165
renewed assault on 4 October 205
requested withdrawal of five US divisions after Amiens 127
and Saint-Mihiel operation 116, 129–31, 136–7
soldiers different to Allies 124–5
three-hour bombardment at Étain 155
US First Army refused to move in way he wanted 203–4
US policy was to ‘build distinctive army of our own’ 117–18
Pétain, General Henri Philippe
Allied contingent commanders’ meeting 24, 26–7
character of 22
concerned about state of French Army 139
could not push troops any harder 241
discussions with Foch 63, 191–2, 226–7
distrusted Mangin 75
hails success of Aisne offensive 74
looked favourably on what had been achieved 94
meeting with Mangin 76
not to attack at Étain 155
praised capture of Blanc Mont ridge 126
problems of retreating German Army 262
provided Pershing with guns 128
refused to release troops 77
spent 11 November at GQG 270
would have disagreed with Pershing’s methods 125
phosgene gas 102
phosphorus grenades 45
Picardy 80
Pierrefeu, Jean de 22
Piggott, Corporal 172
pistols 146
Plessen, General von 261
Plumer, General Sir Herbert 176, 269
poilus 124
Poincaré, Raymond 228
Ponsonby, Major-General John 108, 171, 173
Pont-à-Mousson 143
Poperinghe 118
Pour le Mérite 14, 264
Price, George Lawrence 266–8
prisoner-of-war camps, Allied 90
Prussia 12–13, 148, 179, 223–4, 237–9, 257, 260–62
see also Germany
Ramicourt 189
Rawlinson, General Sir Henry
army crossed the Sambre–Oise canal on 4 November 250
artillery support to Debeney 191
conference at Villers-Bretonneux 65–6
convinced of the need to desist 66
difficulties at Saint-Quentin canal 185–6
and Foch’s ‘series of movements’ 29–30
great hopes placed on the use of cavalry/tanks 52–3
and the Hindenburg Line 144
keen to achieve tactical success on battlefield 36, 40
northern offensive 138
not in favour of long, draining bombardment 34
ordered to postpone attacks 67
success of Amiens barrage 7, 45
Rayfield, Corporal Walter 100
Read, Herbert 183
Reinhardt, Walther 6–7
Reisinger, Leutnant 52
Rethondes, Compiègne 252
Rheims 1–2
Ribot, Alexandre 116
Rice, Major F. J. 37, 209, 268–9
rifles 161
Lee Enfield 85, 123
Mauser 45
Riqueval road bridge 186
Rollings, Lieutenant Ernest 182
Romagne Heights 204
Roselaere 194
Ross, Alexander 59
Ross, Major B. 266
Royal Air Force (RAF)
brought down surveillance aircraft 40
played a crucial role at Amiens 36
reaching further into German lines by late summer 1918 93
see also air power
Royal Engineers 108
Royal Navy 16
Royal Tank Corps (Britain) 182
Roye 56, 64–5
Roye-Chaulnes area 66
Rupprecht, Crown Prince
admired the patience of Kuhl 68–9
Army Group of 145
comments on fighting at Cambrai 193
complained about mood amongst Chiefs of Staff 113
complained individual divisions failing him 214
enemy still advancing along Amiens–Roye road 57
hears that Chancellor to be replaced 194
letter to Prince Max 276–7
and Ludendorff 141
meeting with officers on 30 September 193
rest to cure insomnia cut short 148
retreat to Antwerp–Meuse Line could not be delayed 238
told of slow retreat from Hermann Position 224–5
Russia xxxi, 12, 16–17, 271
Sailly-Laurette 39
Saint-Mihiel
battle at 25, 116, 127–32, 136–8, 311n.10
defeat of Composite Army C 148
inspected by Foch/Weygand/Pershing 140
and the Michel Line 143
a warning of American capability 151
written off by Germans as freakish accident 141
Saint-Quentin
Allies advancing towards 78
Foch orders Debeney to attack 191
German 34th Division defending 192
left in flames by Germans 208–9
and the Siegfried Line 143–4
Saint-Quentin canal
breached by 1/6th North Staffordshire Regiment 186–8
crossing concerns 166, 180
Foch’s fourth blow lands on 167
heavily protected 183
most difficult sector of the front 138
pontoon bridges erected across 189
position of xxvi
Third Army advancing towards 135
Salonika
final days xxxiii
offensive 142
Sambre, Battle of 247–8
Sant’Anna Morosina xxvii
Saraje
vo xxvii
Sassoon, Siegfried 135, 189
Savage, Charles Henry 37–8, 210
Savatier, General Eugène 119–20, 309n.9
Scheidemann, Philip 223–4, 238, 254–6, 261, 274
Schëuch, Heinrich von 219
Schlieffen, Count von 236, 244
Schneider medium tanks 6
Schreder, Oberleutnant 53–4
Schulenburg, Count Friedrich von der 238, 257–9
Schütt, Leutnant Richard 16, 90–91, 97
Schütt, Willy 91, 97
Sealand, Flintshire xxvii
Searcy, Corporal Earl 130
Sedan 155, 241
Selle, River 228
shell-shock 110–111
Siegfried Line 97, 112, 143
see also Hindenburg Line
SmK ammunition, armour-piercing 52
Smut Trench 136, 171, 173
sneezing gas see tear gas
Social Democrats (Germany) 254–5
Soissons 1–2, 6
soixante-quinze field gun 123
Somme, battles of the
attack in 1918 by 38th Welsh Division 83
British cemeteries xxxiii
German Army pounded 143
memory-defining xxix
offensive captured the imagination 279
old battlefield re-entered 59–60, 78
trench warfare xxxii
Somme, River 57, 63, 86, 95, 107
Sopwith Camel fighter aircraft 36, 93–4
Spa 140, 237–9, 246, 254, 256–7, 260
Spad fighter aircraft 36
Spanish Flu see influenza pandemics
‘Spring Offensive’ (Owen) 135
Stark, Rudolf 55, 89, 97–8, 108–9, 212, 220–21
Steinmüller, Paul 140
Stephenson, Scott 110
Stevenson, David xxx–xxxiii
stick grenades 161
stormtroopers xxxii
Stosstruppen (stormtroopers) xxxii
Strauss, Walter J. 183–4
Stürmer, Leutnant 48
submarine warfare 217–18
Suippe, River 155
Sulzbach, Herbert 7, 195
Summeral, Major-General Charles 125
Tank Corps 33, 38
tanks
continued success at Amiens 50
defeat for Germany at Amiens 50
Haig shown a demonstration 32
ideal for 1918, when available 84–5
Mark IV 81
Mark V 32–3, 51–2, 298–9nn.11, 12
Medium Mark A 32–3, 52–3, 164
Renault 123, 160, 163
Tannenberg, Battle of 12
tear gas 104, 222
Teeton, Captain Percy 186
Terraine, John xxx
Teskey, Frank Clifton 272
Thiepval 84
‘three day fever’ see influenza pandemic (first strain)
To Win a War (Terraine) xxx
Toul 159
Trescault xxvi
Tschischwitz, Major-General Erich von 69
Turkey 271
Turkish Army 226
Turner, A. J. 83, 232–3, 240
Uhrmacher, Leutnant Karl 194–5
United Kingdom
aircraft production 35–6
cooperation/coordination with France 21–2
and the German Spring Offensive xxxi–xxxii, 294n.10
looked upon growing might of US with envy and fear 217
number of guns by Armistice 33
shied away from occupation of Germany 278
see also Allies and Western Front
United States
aircraft production 35
Americans’ expectations of France 121
enthusiasm for war 26
forces particularly susceptible to gas attacks 104
and the German Spring Offensive xxxi, 294n.10
Government responded swiftly to German note of 21 October 223–4
lacked aircraft/facilities to support mass air operations 117
lacked understanding of Great War 115
Mangin’s aggression/confidence welcomed 76
Pétain agrees US should take strain 77
powerful new ally 14
rapid increase in US manpower in France 118–19
shied away from occupation of Germany 278
war might be over before could intervene in any strength 118
welcomed into war in spring 1917 116
see also Allies and Western Front
United States Air Force, 80th Wing 93
United States Army
acquired healthy respect for Germans 123
an unknown quantity 150–51
battle of Saint-Mihiel 128–31, 137
begins to tire 241
differences between US and Allied soldiers 123–4
divisions contained 28,000 men 146
‘doughboys’ term meaning 120–21
encountered horror of mustard gas 104
reached Sedan on 6–7 November 264
scheduled to make attack on Saint-Mihiel 95
swept over German lines in late October 242
see also Allies; Western Front; and various army entries
ARMIES
First
at Saint-Mihiel 116, 138
began to concentrate northwest of Verdun 151–3
difficulties at Saint-Quentin Canal 185
effort to raise epic story of hard work 126
Hunter Liggett takes command in late October 241
improvisation of medical staff 159
ready to go deep into German flank on 25 September 149
stubbornly refused to move in way Pershing wanted 203–4
sustained over 45,000 casualties at Argonne 165
to mount an attack west of the Meuse 137
CORPS
I 128, 155–6
II 183, 317n.6
III 156, 242
IV 128
V 128, 131, 153
divisions
1st 3, 6, 125, 242
2nd 3, 6, 125–6, 130
77th 154
77th Liberty 203
82nd Division 123
107th Ammunition Train 165
BRIGADE
1 Provisional Tank 160
REGIMENTS
23rd Infantry 1
113th Infantry 206
136th Infantry 205
308th Infantry 203–4, 206, 320n.12
313th Infantry 156–7
328th Infantry 202
BATTALIONS
5th Machine Gun 5
Urmacher, Leutnant Karl 221, 236, 273
US Evacuation Hospital, Toul 159
Valenciennes 242
Varennes 161, 202
Verdun 116, 279
Verdun, Battle of xxxii, 98
Versailles, Treaty of 278
Victoria Cross 100, 171, 231, 251
Victoria, Princess 11
Villers-Bretonneux 65, 133
Villers-Cotterêts forest 3
Villers-Plouich xxvi
Vimy Ridge, Battle of xxix, 31
Vince, Charles 28
war neurosis 110
‘war prolongers’ 214
Waters, Private George 186
Weimar Republic 274
Wellington Battalion 136
Wemyss, Admiral Rosslyn 253
West, Albert 208
Western Front
air of anticipation settled upon 114
Allies’ superiority in July 1919, estimate 139
Amiens a crucial link 29–32
artillery vital to operations 33
Australians captured one of most formidable positions on 87
back and forth, through shattered woods and pock-marked slopes 165
Battle of the Sambre, last great offensives of war 247
begun to turn tide on in eighteen months 126
clear that the end now in sight 226
crumbling, Ludendorff could not hold the flanks 176
–7
element of surprise returned 4
entering final stages in September 1918 133
final days xxxii
Forêt de Nieppe area xxix
German armies in headlong retreat by 9 November 263
German Army in full retreat by 1 November 244
German divisions drawn from and sent to Amiens 60
German hopes of making an indefinite stand to be ended 167
Germany accused of scorched-earth policy 222–3
Germany holding on 141
Germany’s four defensive positions 143
a lottery of life and death 222
Ludendorff still felt breakthrough possible on 17 October 219
Meuse–Argonne battlefield comparison 152–3
Mont Houy attack equivalent to ‘Dante’s Inferno’ 243
negotiations for an armistice since situation worsened 196
one of Germany’s two arteries severed on 6–7 November 264
one of toughest days, 27 September 170
origin of name xxv
Pershing disillusioned about stalemate 166
rumours of armistice circulate through armies 240
Saint-Mihiel regarded as nasty thorn 128
a series of hard lessons for British/French 138
succession of hammer-blows on 112
taking of Vimy Ridge 31
twilight of xxxiii
unearthly walls of silence after the Armistice 271
see also Allies
Wetzell, Lieutenant-Colonel Georg 113–14
Weygand, Maxime 24–5, 95, 140, 252–4, 266, 270
Whippet tank see tanks, Medium Mark A
Whittlesey, Major Charles 120, 154, 203–4, 206
Wilhelm, Crown Prince
armies to fall back along Hirson–Mézières line 238
begged Kaiser not to appoint Groener 237
Charleville headquarters 237
claimed intensity of fighting purified German Army 222
comments that German order breaking down 109–110
drives to the front filled with bitterness 10–11
forces pulled back after Hindenburg line breach 214
held largest Army Group 145
‘like a vast conflagration’ 167
visit to the Argonne front 163–4
visit to his father on 9 November 256
Wilhelm II, Kaiser
abdication on 9 November 260–62, 274
accepts resignation of von Hertling 195
background of 11–12
black days became almost daily occurrences 132
confined to bed with arthritis/rheumatism 198
Crown Council meeting on 2 October 197
gives Marwitz command of Fifth Army 149
meeting at Hôtel Britannique 72–3
meets new Cabinet on 21 October 223
met Hindenburg and Ludendorff on 26 October 234–5
own position becoming untenable 238–40
refused to abdicate 255–9
replacement of Foreign Secretary 17
US entry meant he had lost the war 126
US insisted he must go 224
Wilhelm of Prussia, Prince Friedrich 11