staff relations and, 97, 99, 156–57, 291
State Department and, 101
statement on government, 126
strike threat of 1947 and, 171–74, 176
surrender of Japan and, xvi–xvii, 11, 16–17, 19, 34–46, 82
surrender signing ceremony on Missouri and, 32–46
tax collection and, 241–42
Teddy Roosevelt and, 72
Teikoku bank poisonings and, 191–92
titles of, 100n, 254
Tojo arrest and, 82
Tokyo fire prevention and, 159–60
Tokyo war crimes trials and, 207–10
torture rejected by, 187, 190
trip to Philippines of 1946, 160
trip to Seoul of 1948, 160
troop cut recommendation, 58–61
troops available to, 85–86
Truman fires, 58n, 264–66, 271–75, 285
Truman meeting on Wake Island and, 259–60, 290–91
Truman refuses to fire, in early occupation, 58–61
Truman’s dislike of, 3
Truman’s invitation to U.S. refused by, 61–62, 287
USSR and, 165–69, 175–77, 220–21n, 223, 250
visitors and schedule of, 161
war crimes trials and, 198–213
wartime supplies and, 292
West Point and, 4–6, 14
whaling and, 63–64
Whitney and, 98–99
women’s rights and, 79, 130, 146–53
work habits of, 158–60, 290
WW I and, 4, 65–66, 183
WW II and, command in Far East, 5–6, 18–19
WW II and, strategy for end of, xv–xvi, 13
Yamashita execution and, 203–4
zaibatsu and, 211, 230–32, 235–36, 238n, 239–41
MacArthur, Jean (second wife), 42, 155n, 158, 160–61, 212, 278, 294
MacArthur, Louise (first wife), 155
MacArthur Bowl, 294
MacArthur Note (on Japanese constitution), 128
MacArthur Tenets, 282–87
Mack, Connie, 245
Mainichi (newspaper), 173
Major League All-Star Team, 245, 248
malaria, 183
Malaysia, 266
Malik, Jacob, 18
Manchester, William, 295
Manchuria, 180, 185
Japanese POWs in, 168, 174–75, 250
USSR takeover of, 92, 165, 167–68
Maneuver in War (Willoughby), 99
Manhattan Project, 182
Manila, 13
Japanese atrocities in, 33, 201, 219
MacArthur’s visit of 1946, 108
recapture of, 26
war crimes trials, 200–206
Mao Zedong, 175, 177, 260
Marlborough, Duke of, 285
Marquat, William, 50, 97, 99–100, 109, 172, 235
baseball and, 100, 105, 247–48
marriage, 147–48, 151–52, 218
Marshall, George C., 6, 32, 33, 61, 70, 156, 162, 194, 223
biological weapons and, 184, 295
economic revival and, 233
JCS 1380/15 memo and, 89
Kennan and, 224–28
Korean War and, 259, 261
MacArthur and, 97, 277–79
MacArthur firing and, 275
USSR and, 255
WW II strategy and, xv, xvi
Marshall Plan, 227, 236
Marx, Karl, 152
Mashbir, Sidney, 16, 37–38, 55, 56
Materials on . . . Bacteriological Weapons (USSR trial transcript, 1950), 194
maternity leave, 152
Matsudaira, Marquis Yasumasa, 77
Matsumoto, Joji, 126–27, 132–33, 135–39, 144
McClellan, George B., 60, 200
McCloy, John J., 220–21, 286, 290
McCoy, Frank, 233
medical problems and diseases, 86, 103–4, 107–8, 180, 183. See also biological weapons
Meiji, emperor of Japan, 220
Mengele, Dr. Josef, 179
Mexican War (U.S.), 180
Michiko, empress of Japan, 294
Midway, Battle of, 35, 47
Mikasa, Prince, 195
militarism, 27–28, 30, 47, 49, 51, 60, 75–76, 79, 82, 86, 88–90, 94, 108–9, 121, 149, 219, 221, 229, 238, 269–70, 281
Shinto and, 115–16
zaibatsu and, 231, 233, 240–41
Military Assistance Advisory Group, 257
military medicine, 179–80, 188
military police (Kempeitai), 121, 219
military research laboratories, 89
mines, 105
Mishima, Yukio, 270
missionaries, 123
Missouri surrender ceremony, 34–41, 46, 58, 82, 88, 165, 178, 183, 201, 213, 297
Mitchell, Billy, 7
Mitsubishi company, 135, 231
Mitsui company, 231
Monroe, Marilyn, 248
Montcalm, Joseph de, 258
Montgomery, Bernard, 33
Monuments Men, 110–11, 118
Morgenthau Plan, 52
Morimura, Seiichi, 296
Morotai Island, 184
Mukden, Battle of, 22, 100
Muller, Paul, 258
Murphy, Frank, 203, 291
Musashi (Japanese battleship), 39
Mutshuhito, Emperor of Japan, 22
My Lai Massacre, 205
Nagasaki, 10–11, 18, 48n, 49–50, 160, 182, 295
“Atom Bowl” game, 218
Nagoya POW camp, 81
Naito, Ryoichi, 185–89, 296
Nakajimo Aircraft company, 22
Nanking, Rape of, 73, 219
Napoleon (Bonaparte, Napoleon), 66, 69, 258, 261, 277
Nation, 109
National Football Foundation, 293
National Geographic, 111
National Recovery Administration (NRA), 26
National Security Council, 228–29, 236, 251
naval blockade, xv, 3
Netherlands, 42, 198
Netherlands East Indies, 47, 81
“New Constitution! A Bright Light!, The” (booklet), 141
New Deal, 95, 221, 291
New Guinea, 6, 47, 81, 184
Newsweek, 182, 222, 231, 234
New York Times, 19, 82, 108, 121, 178, 195, 203, 206, 225, 275
New York Yankees, 248
New Zealand, 42, 59, 64, 81, 198, 251
Nichi Nichi Shimbun (newspaper), 28
Niigata POW camp, 81
Nimitz, Chester, xv, 6, 8, 12–13, 15, 35, 40, 42, 162, 194, 278, 290
Nippon Times, 47, 148
Nishi, Toshio, 88
Nixon, Richard, 276
Nobel Prize Committee, 183
Nogo, Commander, 22
North Korea, 165, 168, 254–55, 257–61, 266, 275
NSC 13/2 (October 7, 1948 policy statement), 228–29, 236
Nuremberg trials, 186, 198–200, 207–11, 212
Obama, Barack, 280, 299
O’Donnell, Kenneth, 297
O’Doul, Lefty, 244–48
Office of Censorship (U.S.), 182
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 11–12, 68, 181
office workers, 169–71
oil, 30, 231
Okazaki, Katsuo, 38
Okinawa, 100n, 254, 256
Battle of, 47–48, 184
Okunoshima island poison gas factory, 218
Only Woman in the Room, The (Sirota), 149–50
Operation Blacklist, 86
Operation Downfall, xv, 10
Opisthobranchia of the Sagami Ray Region (Baba), 249
Oyama, Commander, 22
Ozawa, Jisaburo, 183
Pace, Frank, 291
Pakistan, 63
Panama Canal Zone, 4
Patton, George, 7, 13, 162
Pauley, Edwin W., 112–13, 231
Paulus, Lucius Aemilius, 154
peace negotiations, 3
peace treaty (1951), 86, 175, 223, 226,
229, 238, 250–51, 253, 261–63, 295, 296
signed, 271, 273–74
Pearl Harbor attacks, 8, 32, 68, 71–73, 82, 100–101, 181, 207, 212
Peers School, 118, 119
Percival, Sir Arthur, 34, 42, 201
Perry, Matthew, 39, 44–45, 270
Pershing, John J., 7
Petraeus, David, 299
Pharr, Susan, 149
Philippines, 3–6, 8, 10–13, 26, 45, 47
Battle of, 1944, 201
FEC and, 63, 64
independence of 1946, 108
Japanese atrocities in, 81
Japanese attack of 1941 on, 32–33, 261
MacArthur and reconquest of, 15, 18, 33
MacArthur’s defeat in, 12–13, 32–33
MacArthur’s early career in, 277
MacArthur’s father as governor and, 66, 110
MacArthur’s promise to return, xvi, 3, 6, 33, 71, 75, 220
MacArthur’s visit of 1946, 160
rearmament of Japan and, 251
reparations and, 263
SCAP staff and, 97, 100
war crimes trials and, 198, 200–204
Pingfan, China, 180–81, 184–86, 195, 250, 296
poison gas, 183–84, 218
police, 20, 191–93, 229, 251, 257, 287
political parties, 219
political prisoners, 20
release of, 113, 142
political reform, 20, 86–87, 95–96, 113–14, 219, 228. See also civil liberties; democracy
Polybius, 65
Poole, Richard, 131
Port Arthur attack, Russo-Japanese War, 100
Potsdam Declaration, 23, 45, 51, 55, 72, 76, 86, 89, 126, 146, 239
POWs, American, 81–82, 103, 178–79, 209
Bataan, 12, 33, 34, 44
POWs, Japanese
anthrax, 183–84
in Manchuria, 168, 174–75, 250
USSR and, 174–75, 249–50
press, 74, 97, 161
prime minister, Japanese
constitution and election of, 131
Japanese flag and, 145
Privy Council (Japanese), 21, 144, 210
propaganda, Japanese, 47–48
Public Health and Welfare Section, 95, 107
Public Safety Division (PSD), 192
Public Service Law (Japanese, 1947), 174
Puerto Princesa atrocities, 81
Quakers, 71
Quezon, Manuel, 5, 69, 277
railroads, 51, 78
Rainbow Division. See Forty-Second Infantry
Rainbow Five plan, 8
Rankin, John, 82
rationing, 91
Reagan, Ronald, 294
Red Purge, 241
Reischauer, Edwin O., 272
religion
freedom of, 115–16
separation of state and, 122–24
Remington Rand company, 293
Reminiscences (MacArthur), 20, 293
“Removal of Restrictions on Political, Civil, and Religious Liberties” (October 4, 1945 directive), 115, 125
reparations, 112–13, 168, 229, 231–34, 233n, 242–43, 252, 263
Reparations Commission (1919), 254
repatriation, 89, 103–4, 175, 238, 249, 287
Republican Party (U.S.), 173, 265
elections of 1952 and, 274
presidential nomination of 1948, 162–63, 234, 253
“reverse course” issue, vs. “shift,” 228–29
Rhee, Syngman, 255
Rice, Grantland, 293
Ridgway, Matthew, 261, 264, 273
Rise of American Civilization, The (Beard and Beard), 151
Rockefeller, John D., III, 262–63
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, 179, 185
Rodionov, Anatoliy, 18
Roest, Pieter, 130
Röling, Bernard V.A., 208
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 151
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 21n, 26, 40, 56, 102, 140, 170, 204
biological weapons and, 181, 194
Konoe and, 212–13
MacArthur appointments and, 5–6, 8, 12–13, 15, 32–33
WW II strategy and, xv–xvi, 5–6, 55
Truman and, 7
Roosevelt, Theodore, 4, 22n, 72, 162n
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 22n
Rovere, Richard, 250, 281
Royall, Kenneth, 222, 224, 228, 233–34, 236, 243
Rusk, Dean, 260, 271
Russell, Richard B., Jr., 82
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 22, 100, 179–80
Ruth, Babe, 245–46
Sadatoshi, Tomioka, 165
Sakhalin Island, 165, 255
Sams, Crawford, 107–8
Sanders, Murray, 184–87, 189, 250
San Francisco Seals, 244, 246, 248
Sanger, Margaret, 151
Sansom, Sir George, 87
Santayana, George, 17
Saturday Evening Post, 252
Sawamura, Eiji, 245
SCAP. See Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
SCAPINS (SCAP instructions), 31, 96, 284
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 250, 281
Seaman, Dr. Louis, 179–80
Sebald, William, 97, 161, 233n, 252–53, 256, 262, 271
“secret history,” 118–22
secret police, 146
secret societies, 31, 88–89
Seventh Fleet, 256–57
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 291
Sherwood, Robert, 56
Shidehara, Baron Kijuro, 65, 120–21, 126, 135–37, 144, 146–47
Shidzue, Kato, 149, 151
Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 38–39, 41, 46, 51–53, 213, 290, 297
Shimozato, Masaki, 296
Shinto (Way of the Gods), 76, 115, 122–23, 295
shipbuilding industry, 78, 112, 233, 237
ships, repatriation and, 103–4
Shirasu, Jiro, 132–33
Short, Dewey, 32, 261
Siberia, war of 1919–20 in, 17, 100
Singapore
Battle of, 34, 201
postwar, 266
Sirota, Beate, 130–31, 147, 149–50
Sketches from a Life (Kennan), 228
small farmers, 96, 108–10, 169
Smith, Harold, 59
Smith, Margaret Chase, 151
social security, 219
soft power, 262, 288
Sonjo Gigun (Righteous Group for Upholding Imperial Rule), 30
South Korea, 254–55, 256, 266
Soviet Union (USSR), 18, 42, 72, 92, 94, 99, 130, 165–69, 174–77, 237, 277, 285
ACJ and, 64–65
biological weapons and, 187–89, 193–97, 289
Cold War and containment and, 223, 225–27, 252, 255–56
Japanese constitution and, 136
Japanese war of 1919–20 vs., 17
FEC and, 93, 134, 144, 176, 227
Japanese POWs and, 174–75, 249–50
Korean War and, 255
MacArthur and, 220–21n
Manchuria and, 185
peace treaty and, 175
war crimes trials and, 193–99, 208
Special Investigation Bureau, 175. See also government, Japan
Spruance, Raymond, 35, 162, 212, 278
Stalin, Joseph, 99, 165–67, 175–76, 277
State Department, U.S., 52, 55–56, 59, 103, 163, 190, 201. See also specific individuals
Atcheson and, 101
China and, 177
Far Eastern Affairs Division, 115, 144, 233n, 260
FEC and, 64, 92
Japanese atrocities and, 80–81
Japanese Constitution and, 125, 127, 141–42, 176
Kennan visit to Japan and, 224–29
Korea and, 255
MacArthur’s authority and, 63, 65
Northeast Asian Affairs Office, 253
Policy Planning Staff, 223
SCAP chain of command and, 92
“Statement of U.S. Policy” (Department
of the Army, 1947), 229
State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, 59. See also United States Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan
steel industry, 112, 233, 237
Steinem, Gloria, 150
Stettinius, Edward, 80
Steuben, Baron von, 99
Stimson, Henry, xvi, 19, 55, 94, 160, 278–79
Stoddard, George D., 79
Stoddard Commission, 123–24
Subcommittee for the Far East (SFE), 59
Summation of Non-Military Activities in Japan (SCAP report, 1945), 114
“Supplementary Explanation Concerning the Constitutional Revision” (Matsumoto memo), 133
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). See also Japan, occupation of; MacArthur, Douglas; and specific individuals; reforms; and sections
ACJ and, 64, 91
administration of, 284–85
advisory vs. executive function of, 86
“Bill of Rights” directive, 113
biological weapons and Ishii and, 186–87, 189, 192–93
bureaucracy eschewed by, 16
censorship and, 219–20
chain of command, 91–93
Communists and, 169–73
constitutional reform and, 126–35, 138–41
cultural and religious treasures and, 110–11
democracy and, 114
directives to, 20, 59–60, 89–92, 108, 113, 146, 231–32, 238n
disarmament and, 104–6
disputes with Washington and, 230–31
dissolution of, 296
Dulles Peace Mission and, 262–63
economy and, 221–23, 239
education and, 24
elections and, 145, 169
emperor and, 118–22
FEC and, 63–64, 91, 93–94
Fortune attack on, 235, 237–41
humanitarian mission and, 107–8, 114
Japanese language and, 140n
Japanese prisoners and, 88
Kennan and, 225–26
labor and, 113, 170–73
land reform and, 109–10, 169
MacArthur appointed to head, 8–10, 12–13, 15, 76
military police and, 219
organization chart, staff, and teams of, 94–101
paper trail avoided by, 95
Pearl Harbor and, 82
power of, 60
religious policies and, 115–17, 122–23
reparations and, 233n
repatriation and transports by, 103–4
surrender ceremony and, 40–41
USSR and Japanese Communist leaders and, 166
war crimes trials and, 73
women’s rights and, 148–49, 153
zaibatsu and, 231, 234
Supreme War Council, 23, 210
Sutherland, Richard, 41, 62, 283
Suzuki, Kantaro, 21
Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak (1979), 197
SWNCC150/4/A. See United States Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan
Syria, 280
Taiwan, 100n, 254. See also Formosa
Takayanagi, Kenzo, 205, 210
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