Life in a Medieval City

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Life in a Medieval City Page 22

by Frances Gies


  Lupus (see St.-Loup)

  Lyon, 24, 25, 227

  Magna Carta, 202

  manners (see etiquette)

  Mansourah, 209

  maps, medieval, 162, 240

  Marcus Aurelius, Romanemperor, I

  Marie, countess of Champagne, wife of Henry the Generous 54, 166–167, 231

  Marie de France, 55, 178, 230

  marriage, 55–73

  Marseille, 4, 21, 23, 24, 105, 214, 227

  Martianus Capella, 240

  Mary-worship, 55, 129, 131

  masons, 33, 137, 139, 141–142, 144–147

  Maximianus, 160

  Maximilian, Roman emperor, 11

  mayor, 108, 199, 200, 202, 207, 224

  meals, 38–43, 50, 72

  Medici, 227

  medicine (see doctors)

  Mediterranean, 1, 4, 5, 13, 15, 218, 227

  Meletaire, Sire Gerard, 108

  mental illness, 115–116

  Merton College, Oxford, 241

  Michael Scot, 59

  mice (see vermin)

  midwives, 60–61

  Milan, 11, 16, 21, 23, 24, 227

  military service, 19, 199, 201

  millers, 86–87

  mills, 12, 86–87, 118

  Milon, bishop of Troyes, 135

  mining, II, 79

  mining (military), 195, 197–198

  miracle plays, 242

  Mohammed, 5

  money, 11, 18, 99, 104–107, 220, 236–237

  of account, 99

  moneychanging, 14, 36, 104, 118, 207, 220–223

  moneylending, 94, 96, 104–107, 221–223

  Mongols, 22

  Mont-Aimé, 134

  Montpellier, 21, 31, 113, 114, 206, 227

  Montcuc, Bernard de, 207–208

  morality plays, 242–243

  Moslems, 5, 7, 9, 10, 16, 22, 103, 113, 161, 163, 215, 219

  Munich, 4

  Muset, Colin, 166

  music, 70, 72, 120–121, 157, 158–159

  musical instruments, 72, 121, 158–159

  Le Mystère d’ Adam, 183, 187–189

  mystery plays, 242

  Naples, 21

  Netherlands, 192

  new cities, 18

  Nicholas de Brie, bishop of Troyes, 135

  Nicolas of Clairvaux, 156–157, 240

  Nicholas of Cremona, 108

  notaries, 130, 222, 244

  Notre-Dame-aux-Nonnains, Troyes, 32, 46, 53, 54, 190, 235

  Notre-Dame-de-Paris, 148

  Noyon, 209

  cathedral of, 147–148

  nurse, 61, 62

  Odette de Pougy, 54

  organ, 121

  ost et chevauchée (see military service)

  Otto I, the Great, emperor of Germany, 9

  pagamentum, 223

  palace of the counts of Champagne, Troyes, 15, 32, 190

  Palermo, 21

  Pantaléon, Jacques (see Urban IV)

  Paris, 1, 2, 6, 12, 21, 23, 24, 51, 77, 114, 128, 164, 177, 201, 206, 211, 226–227, 233, 235, 237, 241

  University of (see University of Paris)

  Parlement of Paris, 207, 225

  Parliament of London, 207

  paving, 28, 31, 233

  pawnbroking, 104–105, 222

  peddlers, 49

  Pegolotti, Francesco, 244

  penny, 11, 48, 99, 220, 236–237

  pepper (see also spices), 44, 218

  Peruzzi company, 226

  Peterhouse College, Cambridge, 241

  Peter of Brittany, 167, 194, 202

  Peter Riga, 160

  Peter the Hermit, 208

  Petrus Alfonsus, 233

  Philip II, Augustus, king of France, 69, 230, 233

  Philip IV, the Fair, king of France, 224, 225

  Piacenza, 16, 214

  Pierre de Montreuil, 137

  Pilgrimages, 52, 116, 131, 139, 148

  pillory, 32

  Pirenne, Henri, 5

  Pisa, 15, 16, 23, 24, 200, 220, 223, 227, 245

  plague, 190, 191

  Play of Daniel, 186–187

  Play of St. Nicholas, 189

  plow, wheeled, 10, 88, 228

  poetry (see verse)

  pointed arch (see Gothic architecture)

  police, 117, 200–201, 212

  Policraticus, 174

  polyphonic music, development of, 121

  population, 11, 21, 232

  Porte-St.-Jean, Provins, frontispiece, 233

  Portus, 12

  pound (see libre)

  Pré aux Clercs, 51

  preservation of food, 50

  price-fixing, 90

  prices, 48, 49, 234

  Priscian, 159

  prison, 203

  The Prophets, 186, 189

  prostitution, 86, 212, 215

  Provençal (language), 166

  Provence, 4, 5, 11, 245

  “Provinois of the Senate” (coin), 220

  Provins, frontispiece, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 31, 35, 42–43, 52, 99, 107, 108, 120, 130, 134, 177, 211, 216, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 233

  provost, 93, 108, 203

  Psalter Map, 240

  Putemonnaie, Sire Herbert, 108

  quadrivium (see liberal arts)

  Quem quaeritis trope, 184, 185

  Ragnegisile, bishop of Troyes, 155

  Raising of Lazarus, 186

  Rashi (Salomon ben Isaac) of Troyes, 94

  recreations, 63–67

  Reims, 4, 17, 18, 201, 219, 226

  cathedral of, 137, 140, 141, 148

  relics, 91, 92, 126–130, 148, 191

  Renard le Contrefait, 34

  rhetoric, 159, 161

  Rhône, 5, 141

  Riccardi company, 244

  ritual murder, 95

  roads, I, 23–25

  Robert, bishop of Troyes, 135

  Robert, count of Vermandois, 232

  Robert de Sorbon, 120

  Robert le Bougre, 134

  Robert of Artois, 65

  Robert of Blois, 56–57, 233, 235

  Robert of Normandy, 119

  Robert the Pious, king of France, 58

  Roc Amadour, 131

  romances, 178–182

  Roman de la Rose, 177, 233

  Roman de Renard, 109, 117–178, 199

  Roman Empire, 2, 3, 5

  Romans, 1, 2, 9, 11, 25, 88, 145, 196

  rose of Provins, 52

  Rouen, 6, 21, 23, 31

  cathedral of, 148

  routes to the Champagne Fairs (see Champagne, Fairs of)

  Rû Cordé, 28

  Rutebeuf, 98, 169–171

  saddlemakers, 88

  safe-conduct (see guarantees to merchants)

  St.-Ayoul, Provins, 120

  Fair of, 211, 222

  St.-Bernard of Clairvaux, 14, 41, 135, 153, 160, 174, 240

  St.-Etienne, Troyes, 32, 54, 106, 190

  St.-Frobert, Troyes (former synagogue), 95

  St.-Jean, Troyes, 15, 31, 47, 83, 120, 218, 220, 226, 228

  Fair of (Hot Fair), 15, 21, 23, 211, 212, 217, 223, 224

  St. John, Knights of, 197

  St.-Julien-le-Pauvre, Paris, 241

  St.-Louis (see Louis IX)

  St.-Loup (Lupus), bishop of Troyes, 3, 4, 32, 131

  St.-Loup, Abbey of, 32, 54, 191, 229, 232

  St. Mark, Basilica of, Venice, 16

  St.-Omer, 4, 7, 9, 18, 19, 21, 24, 227

  St.-Pantaléon, Troyes (former synagogue), 95

  St. Peter’s, Rome, 7, 240

  St.-Rémi, bishop of Reims, 4

  St.-Rémi, Troyes, 15, 120, 211, 244

  Fair of (Cold Fair), 15, 21, 211

  St. Vitus’ Dance, 115

  Sainte-Chapelle, 128, 137

  Ste.-Croix, Provins, 130

  saints, 126–131

  patron, of guilds, 91

  Salerno, medical school of, 111, 113

  Health Rule of, 118–119

  salt, 48, 2
17

  sanitation, 15, 30–31, 44–45, 48, 139

  Saône, 25

  Saxony, 11

  schools (see education)

  science, 161–163

  Seine, 1, 23, 28, 87, 118, 201

  Sens, 23

  cathedral of, 130, 137

  sermons, 47, 71, 73–74, 122–125, 159, 238

  servants, 34, 43, 50, 60, 72

  Seville, 6, 21

  sewage disposal (see sanitation)

  shilling (see solidus)

  shoemakers, 83–85, 90

  shopping, 47–49, 56

  shops, 30, 47–49, 77–85

  shorthand, 155

  siege, 194–198

  Siena, 16, 220

  signboards, 48

  silk, 216

  silver (see also mining), 11, 83, 99–100

  solidus (sou, shilling), 99–100, 220, 237

  Sorbonne, 241

  sou (see solidus)

  Spain, 5, 24, 25, 113, 219

  spices, 15, 31, 44, 48, 217–218, 222, 223, 225, 244

  sports (see recreations)

  “Strada Francesca,” 23

  Strasbourg, 21

  cathedral, 129, 139

  street-cleaning, 30–31

  streets, 12, 77

  of Troyes, 28, 30–33, 47–48, 83, 87, 93, 97

  sugar, 48, 217

  Sugar, abbot of St.-Denis, 14, 136, 141

  surgeons, 114–115

  surnames, 77–79

  Sylvester I, pope (Gerbert), 234

  synagogue, 95, 125–126

  taille (see taxes)

  tailors, 77, 89

  tanners, 30, 83–85, 226

  tapestry, 37

  taverns, 86, 212, 215

  taxes, 17, 199, 202, 208, 224–225, 235

  Templars, order of, 31, 48, 104, 210, 213, 228

  textbooks, 109, 113–114, 171, 175, 237

  theater, 183–189, 242–243

  Theodoric of Lucca, 115

  theology, 155, 165, 241

  Thibaut I, the Trickster, count of Champagne, 13, 230

  Thibaut II, the Great, count of Champagne, 14, 17, 18, 230

  Thibaut IV, the Songwriter (le Chansonnier), count of Champagne, 18, 19, 20, 21, 52, 106, 125, 130, 132, 134, 167–169, 201–202, 207–208, 224, 231

  revenues of, 20–21, 213

  Thibaut v, count of Champagne, 231, 236

  “Third Estate,” 200, 224

  three-field system, 11

  timbering, 145, 239

  timekeeping, 46, 234

  tolls, 25

  torture, 133, 203

  Toulouse, 21

  town council, 53, 199, 200, 202, 204, 207

  town watch (see police)

  toys, 63

  translations, 113–114, 161

  transportation, 25, 88, 141, 217–218

  treaties, commercial, 25

  trebuchet, 196

  Trencavel, Raymond, viscount of Béziers, 197–198

  trial by combat, 205

  trial by ordeal, 205

  “Tricasses,” I

  trivium (see liberal arts)

  trope, 184, 185

  trouvères, 107, 168, 210 1

  Troyes, 1–6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23–33; 26–27 (map); 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 80, 83, 85, 86–88, 92, 93–97, 98, 99, 100, 102–103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 116, 117–118, 120, 121, 122, 128, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 148, 154, 163, 164, 165, 166–171, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 200, 201, 202, 203, 207–208, 209, 211–223, 224, 225, 226, 228–229, 232, 233, 236

  Troy weight, 229

  twins, 59

  Universities, 53, 113, 159, 164–165, 175, 206, 240–241

  University of Bologna, 164, 241, 206

  University of Paris, 164–165, 206, 237, 241

  Urban IV, pope, 85, 235

  valets (see journeymen)

  Vandals, 3

  vaulting, 145–147, 239

  vegetables (see gardens)

  Venice, 10, 13, 15, 16, 21, 31, 132, 149, 200, 215, 223, 227, 245

  Verdun, 23

  Vermandois, count of, 6, 13, 223

  vermin, 45

  verse, 159–160, 166–171, 177–182

  Vertus, 54

  Vézelay, 14

  Vienne (city), 25

  Vienne (river), 30

  Vikings, 6, 7, 9, 32, 135, 227–228

  Villard de Honnecourt, 64–65, 137, 140, 146–147, 162–163, 234, 239

  Villehardouin, Alix de, 54

  Villehardouin, Geoffroy de, 167, 169

  Villon, François, 234

  Visconti, 227

  Viscount, 28

  Viscount’s Tower, 28, 228, 233

  walls, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14–15, 28, 32, 194–198, 233

  warfare, 193–198

  water supply, 12, 15

  wax, 37, 89, 125, 217

  weavers, 34, 91, 92, 100–102, 224

  weddings, 70–73

  wergeld, 205

  Westminster Abbey, 137

  Westminster Palace, 137–138

  wheelbarrow, 142

  wife-beating, 55

  William des Ormes, seneschal of Carcassonne, 197–198

  William of Sens, 137

  William of the White Hands, archbishop of Reims, 54, 230

  wills, 74, 148, 239

  Winchester cathedral, 121

  wine, 41, 85–86, 118, 156–157, 219

  wine criers, 85

  women, 47–57

  status of, 52–56

  wool, 9, 13, 31, 51, 98, 100–103, 216

  Yorks, 6, 21, 243

  Ypres, 7, 24, 31, 216, 227

  Acknowledgments

  The authors, who are amateur historians, owe a debt to four professional historians for invaluable criticism and assistance: Dr. Sylvia L. Thrupp, Alice Freeman Palmer professor of history at the University of Michigan; Dr. John F. Benton, professor of history at the California Institute of Technology; Dr. J. Lee Shneidman, assistant professor of history at Adelphi College; and Dr. Peter Riesenberg, professor of history at Washington University, St. Louis. The debt is especially large to John Benton, a leading authority on medieval Champagne, who made many valuable suggestions, supplied otherwise unobtainable reference material, and read the manuscript not once but twice.

  Most of the research was done in two great libraries: the Sterling Library of Yale University, and the Newberry Library of Chicago.

  Special acknowledgment is due to four people who helped make the construction of a Gothic cathedral come to life: Rowan and Irene Le Compte, stained-glass artists and creators of windows for the Washington Cathedral; and R. T. Feller and John Fanfani, Clerk of the Works and Assistant Clerk of the Works at the Washington Cathedral.

  Finally, mention should be made of the numerous French citizens, from archivists to First World War widows in charge of national monuments, who helped us during our research in France.

  Copyright

  LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL CITY. Copyright © 1969 by Joseph and Francis C. Gies. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

  First HARPER COLOPHON edition published 1981.

  EPub Edition © April 2010 ISBN: 978-0-06-201667-6

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