234 For JFK’s “conservation trip,” see White with Gill, Suite 3505, 233; and “NonPolitical Tour,” political cartoon, WS, September 26, 1963. For speeches, see PPP: JFK, 707-49.
235 The Democratic National Committee had filled: WP, October 2, 1963. Frank Church speech is in Time, September 27, 1963. Midwestern States meeting is in Detroit News, October 6, 1963. For Shriver’s political errands, see White with Gill, Suite 3505, 241. Martin Luther King’s concerns are in Branch, Parting the Waters, 863.
236 For JFK’s plunging fortunes, see “The Polls: Kennedy As President,” Public Opinion Quarterly (Summer 1964): 334-35. For Hicks and Boston: Lucas, Common Ground, 128-30 (for quote); and Formisano, Boston Against Busing, 22-30.
236 Evans and Novak called her victory: NYHTEN, October 3, 1963. For DNC registration drive, see White, Making of the President 1964, 309. For pro- and anti-integration demonstrations in New York, see Diane Ravitch, The Great School Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1974), 250-73.
236 For Albany protests and NAR quote, see interview in USNWR, September 23, 1963. For the examples of de facto discrimination in building trades, see Samuel G. Freedman, The Inheritance: How Three Families and the American Political Majority Moved from Left to Right (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 205-8.
237 For Paul Johnson’s victory, see Branch, Pillar of Fire, 162. George Wallace’s appearance at Harvard is in Carter, Politics of Rage, 196-99. On the Berkeley Jaycees, see Branch, Pillar of Fire, 494. For Berkeley activism, see Heirich, Spiral of Conflict, 85. For “Willis Wagons,” see Royko, Boss, 142-43.
237 The October 31, 1963, press conference is at MTR, T83:0538.
237 The November 12, 1963, JFK campaign meeting is noted in Arthur Schlesinger Jr., A Thousand Days (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), 1018. For Norris Cotton, see transcript of Capital Cloakroom, October 20, 1963, RAC, Box 10/769; and Open End, RAC, Box 10/770. For Pennsylvania rally, see White with Gill, Suite 3505, 220-22. “Barry Goldwater represents a valuable”: “Barry Goldwater’s Foreign Policy: Let’s Hear More,” Life, November 1, 1963.
238 “Except for civil-rights troubles”: Newsweek, October 21, 1963. A Look feature was headlined: Look, November 18, 1963. “‘God willin’I won’t vote”: Time, September 27, 1963.
238 For Heller’s poverty program, see Branch, Pillar of Fire, 175.
238 For Diem coup, see Winters, Year of the Hare, 91-113. For New York Times exposé, see review of Max Frankel, The Time of My Life, in The Nation, April 22, 1999.
239 For JFK’s unpopularity in Texas, see White with Gill, Suite 3505, 244. For fund-raising trip plans, see Jane Jarboe, Lady Bird: A Comprehensive Biography of Mrs. Johnson (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999), 214-17.
239 On Richardson, see Richard Whalen, Fortune, December 1963. For UN Day, see “A City Disgraced,” Time, November 1, 1963; and Warren Leslie, Dallas Public and Private (New York: Grossman, 1964), 188-99. For H. L. Hunt broadcasts, see Jerome Tuccille, Kingdom: The Story of the Hunt Family of Texas (Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1984), 282.
240 For “Case History of a Rumor,” see LAT, February 25, 1963. For the American Legion magazine, see GRR, January 15, 1964.
240 For CORE protests, see “CORE Pickets Freed of Contempt Charges,” LAT, January 18, 1964. For Otepka developments, see White with Gill, Suite 3505, 242; and October 31, 1963, JFK press conference, MTR, T83:0538. The bombing at the University of Alabama is described in Carter, Politics of Rage, 238. For UNICEF boxes, see Gerald Schomp, Birchism Was My Business (New York: Macmillan, 1970), 98.
240 For Cuban rifle, see Michael Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 87. JFK’s Florida trip is in Branch, Pillar of Fire, 166. For JFK: The Man and the Myth, see NYT Book Review, November 24, 1963; for The Winning Side, see Publishers Weekly, November 12, 1963.
241 “Don’t let the President come”: Pierre Salinger, With Kennedy (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966), 1. For Nixon trip, see Christopher Matthews, Kennedy and Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 235.
241 The WANTED FOR TREASON handbill is reprinted in GRR, October 31, 1964. “If the speech is about boating ”: Salinger, With Kennedy, 143. For the full-page ad in the Dallas Morning News, see Warren Commission, Report on the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1964), 292-96.
242 “In dictatorships,” he said: Tuccille, Kingdom, 282. The Morning News was joined on the newsstand: Theodore White, “Rushing to a Showdown That No Law Can Chart,” Life, November 22, 1963; White, “The Angry U.S. Negro’s Rallying Cries Are Confusing His Just and Urgent Cause,” Life, November 29, 1963.
242 The (intended) Dallas Trade Mart speech is reproduced in PPP: JFK, 890-94. The (delivered) Fort Worth speech: ibid., 888-90.
12. NEW MOOD IN POLITICS
247 For the scene at Draft Goldwater headquarters, I rely on an author interview with Lee Edwards, and Lee Edwards, Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), 196.
247 Kitchel and Smith’s cab ride is in Robert Novak, The Agony of the GOP 1964 (New York: Macmillan, 1965), 251.
247 Nixon’s cab ride is in Richard Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, vol. 1 (New York: Warner Books, 1978), 312.
247 The Voice of America’s bulletin: Arthur Krock column, NYT, November 26, 1963. Clips of Adlai Stevenson: Lee Edwards, The Conservative Revolution: The Movement That Remade America (New York: Free Press, 1999), 114. Under the headline “DALLAS, LONG A RADICAL’S HAVEN,”: NYHT, November 23, 1963. For John Tower, see F. Clifton White with William Gill, Suite 3505: The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1967), 246. Senator Maurine Neuberger of Oregon: Jerome Tuccille, Kingdom: The Story of the Hunt Family of Texas (Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1984), 283. Walter Cronkite, on the air nonstop: Barry Goldwater, The Conscience of a Majority (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970), 178. A deranged gunman pumped two shots: NYT, November 24, 1963. In man-in-the-street interviews: ibid.
248 “I am now satisfied that the climate of political degeneracy”: The Nation, May 24, 1964. For Max Lerner and Bishop Pike, see Edwin McDowell, Barry Goldwater: Portrait of an Arizonan (Chicago: Regnery, 1964), 190.
248 For LBJ’s Moscow fears and hurried convening of the Warren panel, see
Michael Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 31, 46-72.
249 “I know that very often”: cited in letter to the editor, CT, January 1, 1964. “The savage nuts have destroyed the great myth”: Douglas Brinkley, ed., The Fear and Loathing Letters, vol. I (New York: Villard, 1997), xxi. Chief Justice Warren-a prominent target: Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge, 64.
249 The classic statement of the Southern concept of liberalism as liberality is Ryhs L. Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982). My account of the development of LBJ’s liberalism in the context of Southwest history is drawn from Lloyd C. Gardner, “From the Colorado to the Mekong,” in Lloyd C. Gardner and Ted Gittinger, eds., Vietnam: The Early Decisions (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), 37-57.
250 For the Employment Act of 1946, see Robert M. Collins, “Growth Liberalism in the Sixties: Great Societies at Home and Grand Designs Abroad,” in David Farber, ed., The Sixties: From Memory to History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994). The Dallas Morning News marveled: John Kessel, The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964 (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1968), 253.
250 LBJ’s limiting of contested votes is in Richard Franklin Bensel, Sectionalism and American Political Development, 1880-1980 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984), 191. See also the incisive account of LBJ’s legislative strategy in Ellen Proxmire, One Foot in Washington: The Perilous Life of a Senator’s Wife (Washington, D.C.: R. B. Luce, 1964), 24. For an excellent desc
ription of “The Treatment,” see Alan Brinkley, Liberalism and Its Discontents (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), 204.
251 For the Teddy White interview with Jackie Kennedy, see Christopher Matthews, Kennedy and Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 243. For best-sellers, see WP Book Week, January 12, 1964.
251 For LBJ’s martyr epiphany and the “Let Us Continue” speech, see Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 56, 63; for text, see PPP: LBJ, 8-10.
251 The hottest political book of 1963: John MacGregor Burns, The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1963). For wheat sale amendment, see Thomas C. Reeves, A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy (New York: Free Press, 1991), 403; Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge, 37; and Dallek, Flawed Giant, 70. His budget demand is in Dallek, 72.
252 For Johnson’s two abiding humiliations, see Jeff Shesol, Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud that Defined a Decade (New York: Norton, 1997), 15, 88-113. LBJ’s calls for guidance are in Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge, 19-21.
252 For new strategic calculations and “proper Republican” quote, see Novak, Agony of the GOP, 252. For polls see GP, 1857.
253 For Lodge, DDE, and NYT, see William J. Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography (New York: Heineman, 1967), 355; and Felix Belair Jr., “Eisenhower Urges Lodge to Pursue GOP Nomination,” NYT, December 8, 1963.
253 For Nixon’s trip to Gettysburg, see Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge, 355. For book deal and cancellation, see Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “The Unmaking of a President,” Esquire, November 1964. For post-assassination politicking, see Evans and Novak; December 6, 1963, speech transcript in RAC, Box 10/775; and White with Gill, Suite 3505, 240.
253 “I’m still wishing something”: Time, November 22, 1963. For injury and depression, see Novak, Agony of the GOP, 266. He wrote people like the editor: Author interview with Allan Ryskind. For JFK and BMG’s displays of affection and campaign proposal, see Gilbert A. Harrison, “Way Out West: An Interim Report on Barry Goldwater,” TNR, November 23, 1963; and Stephen Shadegg, What Happened to Goldwater?: The Inside Story of the 1964 Republican Campaign (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston), 81.
254 About BMG’s love of flying, see, for example, Newsweek, April 10, 1961; for ham radio, Time, June 14, 1963; jazz and trombone, Time, March 22, 1963, Jack Paar show appearance, AHFAV, BG-C/2; for Indian Art of the Americas and air-conditioning, James M. Perry, A Report in Depth on Barry Goldwater: The Story of the 1964 Republican Presidential Nominee (Silver Spring, Md.: National Observer, 1964); about his Thunderbird, Newsweek, April 10, 1961; regarding the Senate machine shop, John B. Judis, William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (New York: Touchstone, 1990), 172; on the Heathkit, Karl Hess, Mostly on the Edge: An Autobiography (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus, 1999), 176.
254 He had a favorite Western maxim: transcript of Hy Gardner radio show, WOR-NEW York, September 26, 1963, RAC, Box 10/766. “Doggone it,” he told The Chicago Tribune: CT, January 3, 1964, A1. He worried whether he had: ibid. What would he be then: Shadegg, What Happened, 79-80.
254 For fund-raising after the assassination, see Frank Kovac, “Finance Highlights Report No. 19,” WAR, Box 155/7. For youth telegram campaign I rely on an author interview with Lee Edwards, and Novak, Agony of the GOP, 267. For White’s continuing, see Novak, 265; and White with Gill, Suite 3505, 252-53. 254 For White’s incredulity at Kitchel’s political ignorance, see ibid., 199-213. For Kitchel’s personality, see Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “The Men Around Goldwater,” SEP, October 24, 1964.
255 Then Dick Kleindienst began working: Harrison, “Way Out West.” Then came an administrative assistant: White with Gill, Suite 3505, 202. For Burch biography, see NYHT, July 17, 1964; Novak, Agony of the GOP, 247 (for Mississippi rumor); and Evans and Novak, “The Men Around Goldwater” (for black ties). For pride in outsider status I rely especially on author interview with Richard Kleindienst. For clannish style, see Novak, Agony of the GOP, 285. For AEI additions to Kitchel office: White with Gill, Suite 3505, 201-3, 222-23; Kitchel to Lamp, March 30, 1965, DK, Box 3; Novak, Agony of the GOP, 246; and author interview with Charles Lichenstein.
255 For Baroody’s approach to Kitchel, see Edwards, Goldwater, 182; and author interview with William Rusher. For the National Review double cross: Shadegg, What Happened, 68-70; Judis, William F. Buckley, 183; and author interview with William F. Buckley.
255 For Baroody’s personality and character I rely on author interviews with W. Glen Campbell, Milton Friedman, William Rusher, and Charles Lichenstein.
256 For AEI history I rely on James Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the Rise of the New Policy Elite (New York: Free Press, 1991); Milton Friedman and Rose Friedman, Two Lucky People: Memoirs (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 343-45; GRR, April 13, 1964; the notes and documents in Richard Dudman Papers, AEI file, Library of Congress; and Friedman and Campbell interviews.
256 “I really can’t say whether”: Evans and Novak, “The Men Around Goldwater.”
256 For Recordak, see Kessel, Goldwater Coalition, 153; White with Gill, Suite 3505, 202; and NYHT, January 29, 1964. July 4, 1964. “Who’s Arthur Summerfield?”: Shadegg, What Happened, 65. For the notebook White prepared for Kitchel, see F. Clifton White with Jerome Tuccille, Politics as a Noble Calling (Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1994), 155. Kitchel’s hearing: Evans and Novak, “The Men Around Goldwater.”
257 For the meeting in BMG’s apartment, see Richard Kleindienst, Justice: The Memoirs of an Attorney General (Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1985), 31; Edwards, Goldwater, 151; Shadegg, What Happened, 81; White with Gill, Suite 3505, 254; and Edwards interview in A&E Television Network, Barry Goldwater: The Conscience of Conservatives (1996, cat. no. AAE-14345).
257 Draft Goldwater met on December 11: White with Gill, Suite 3505, 256.
258 For the cancellation of White’s Phoenix plans, see ibid., 161.
258 For Len Hall and Kitchell, see Novak, Agony of the GOP, 245.
258 Kleindienst’s trip back from the Rose Bowl is narrated in Kleindienst, Justice, 30. DDE’s participation, and Kiwanis speech, are in Jon Margolis, The Last Innocent Year: America in 1964: The Beginning of the “Sixties” (New York: Morrow, 1999), 64.
259 BMG’s joke about his daughter is from author interview with Jameson Campaigne Jr. Other details in McDowell, Barry Goldwater, 247; and Male to BMG planning memo, January 3, 1964, AHF, Box 1⅗1.
259 For BMG’s wife on day of announcement, see Harold Faber, ed., The Road to the White House: The Story of the 1964 Election by the Staff of the New York Times (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), 15. For Margaret Goldwater generally: transcript of interview on Art Linkletter’s House Party, CBS-TV, April 22, 1964, RAC, Box 10; and Robert Alan Goldberg, Barry Goldwater (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995), 115. “If that’s what you want”: White with Gill, Suite 3505, 255.
259 Kleindienst handed over his keys: Kleindienst, Justice, 31; Kleindienst interview.
259 For Shadegg’s Senate run and purge from Goldwater circle, see Shadegg, What Happened, 54; Arizona Journal, March 29, 1962, and April 3, 1962; NYT, September 7, 1962; and Time, September 7, 1962.
260 “He’d get more space”: Frank Cormier, LBJ the Way He Was: A Personal Memoir (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977), 32. Advice to announce from Washington noted in Shadegg, What Happened, 86.
260 Goldwater’s meeting with Arizona Republican leaders, and his entrance onto patio, is narrated by radio announcer Ray Curtis, transcribed in RAC, Box 10/779; see also Faber, ed., Road to the White House, 15; Margolis, Last Innocent Year, 78; Perry, A Report in Depth on Barry Goldwater; announcement in LAT, January 3, 1964, A1; and footage in A&E Television Network, Barry Goldwater.
260 For press conference, see RAC, Box 10/779.
261 “At the LBJ Ranch, meanwh
ile”: Cormier, LBJ the Way He Was, 32. For Gallup poll and Heller statistics, see Margolis, Last Innocent Year, 91.
261 “I am neither a summer soldier”: LAT, January 4, 1964.
261 For the NAR-Nixon meeting see Nixon, RN, 310.
262 For NAR’s November 7, 1963, announcement see Faber, ed., Road to the White House, 22; Novak, Agony of the GOP, 254; and Kessel, Goldwater Coalition, 45. For Maryland Republicans and McKeldin quote, see James Reston column, November 3, 1963. For Miami and St. Louis: Time, November 22, 1963.
262 For APSA, West Virginia, and the Indiana Bar Association, see RAC, Box 12/946. For Illinois visit, see Novak, Agony of the GOP, 224; for California visit, see speeches and “Dear News Editor” in RAC, Box 11/938. For audience with the Pope, see James Desmond, Nelson Rockefeller: A Political Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1964), 67. For cross-country staff, see Martin to Middendorf, May 5, 1964, FCW, Box 8/Wm. Middendorf. Memo on lighting is Danzig to NAR, January 14, 1964, RAC, Box 11/939.
262 For opposition research office, sources are author interview with Graham T. Molitor; BMG transcripts from April 1963 through June 1964 in RAC, Box 10; Molitor speech analyses in RAC, Box 11; and Issues Binder, Box 11/929.
263 For California public relations politics and Spencer-Roberts, see Bill Boyarsky, The Rise of Ronald Reagan (New York: Random House, 1968), 106; Gary Wills, Reagan’s America (New York: Penguin, 1988), 292; Theodore H. White, The Making of the President 1964 (New York: Atheneum, 1965), 150; and Walton to White, FCW, Box 8/Rus Walton. For Hinman’s approach, see Walton to White, November 1, 1963, FCW, Box 8/Rus Walton. For Rocky closing the deal, see Danzig expense voucher, October 29, 1963, RAC, Box 11/933; “Dear News Editor” letter in Box 11/938; and George Hinman press release, November 14, 1963, Box 11. For $2 million budget, see Goldberg, Barry Goldwater, 190. For billboards, see Begg to White, January 17, 1964, FCW, Box 8/Baus and Ross.
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