Ayn Rand and the World She Made

by Anne C. Heller

  Victor Hugo, Ninety-Three, trans. Lowell Bair (New York: Bantam Books, 1962).

  Ada Louise Huxtable, Frank Lloyd Wright (New York: Penguin, 2004).

  Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York: Harper Perennial, 1987, 1988).

  Matthew Josephson, The Robber Barons (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1962).

  Stuart M. Kaminsky, Coop: The Life and Legend of Gary Cooper (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980).

  Howard Koch, As Time Goes By (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979).

  Lionel Kochan, ed., The Jews in Soviet Russia since 1917 (London: Oxford University Press, 1970).

  Leah Levinson and Jerry Natterstad, Granville Hicks: The Intellectual in Mass Society (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).

  Sinclair Lewis, Elmer Gantry (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1927; New York: Signet, 1970).

  W. Bruce Lincoln, In War’s Dark Shadow: The Russians Before the Great War (New York: Dial Press, 1983).

  _____, Passage Through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986).

  _____, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War 1918–1921 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989).

  Eugene Lyons, Assignment in Utopia (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1937).

  Justin Martin, Greenspan: The Man Behind the Money (Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2000).

  Robert Mayhew, Ayn Rand and “Song of Russia”: Communism and Anti-Communism in 1940s Hollywood (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2005).

  Patrick McGilligan and Paul Buhle, Tender Comrades: A Backstory of the Hollywood Blacklist (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997).

  Frederic Morton, Thunder at Twilight: Vienna 1913/1914 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1989).

  Victor Navasky, Naming Names (New York: Viking, 1980).

  Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Walter Kaufmann, trans. (New York: Penguin, 1978).

  _____, Beyond Good and Evil, Judith Norman, trans. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

  Albert Jay Nock, Our Enemy, the State (Tampa, Fla.: Hallberg Publishing Corp., 1983).

  _____, The Memoirs of a Superfluous Man (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2002).

  Isabel Paterson, The God of the Machine (Palo Alto, Calif.: Palo Alto Book Service reissue, 1983).

  Michael Paxton, Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life (Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 1998). Ellen Plasil, Therapist (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985).

  James Warren Prothro, The Dollar Decade (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1954).

  Justin Raimondo, Reclaiming the Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement (Burlingame, Calif.: Center for Libertarian Studies, 1993).

  _____, An Enemy of the State (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2000).

  Bernice Rosenthal, New Myth, New World: From Nietzsche to Stalinism (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002).

  Stacy Schiff, Vera: Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov (New York: Random House, 1999).

  Helmut Schoeck, Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour (Indianapolis, Ind.: Liberty Fund, 1987).

  Chris Matthew Sciabarra, Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995).

  _____, Ayn Rand, Homosexuality, and Human Liberation (Cape Town, South Africa: Leap Publishing, 2003).

  Meryle Secrest, Frank Lloyd Wright (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992).

  Stephen Michael Shearer, Patricia Neal: An Unquiet Life (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006).

  Page Smith, Redeeming the Time (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987).

  Mary Ann Sures and Charles Sures, Facets of Ayn Rand (Irvine, Calif.: Ayn Rand Institute Press, 2001).

  Gloria Swanson, Swanson on Swanson (New York: Random House, 1980).

  James S. Valliant, The Passion of Ayn Rand’s Critics: The Case Against the Brandens (Dallas, Tex.: Durban House, 2005).

  Solomon Volkov, St. Petersburg: A Cultural History, Antonina W. Bouis, trans. (New York: The Free Press, 1995).

  Margit von Mises, My Life with Ludwig von Mises (Bel Air, Calif.: Arlington House, 1984).

  Frank Lloyd Wright, An Autobiography (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1932; the revised 1943 edition was reissued by Pomegranate Communications, Petaluma, Calif., 2005).

  ARTICLES AND PRINT INTERVIEWS

  Brooks Atkinson, “The Play,” New York Times, September 17, 1935. “Ayn Rand,” Current Biography Yearbook, 1982.

  Frederick Babcock, “Book Award Winners,” New York Times, March 6, 1958. Ben Belitt, “The Red and the White,” The Nation, April 22, 1936.

  John Blundell, “Liberty at Its Nadir: Interview with Leonard Liggio,” Liberty, July 2004, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 36–42.

  R. W. Bradford, “The Search for We the Living,” Liberty, November 1988, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 17–29.

  _____, “Ayn Rand and Her Movement: An Interview with Barbara Branden,” reprinted from Liberty by Liberty Publishing, 1991; erratum between pp. 7 and 8.

  Thomas F. Brady, “Hollywood Don’ts,” New York Times, November 16, 1947, p. X5.

  Nathaniel Branden, “Mental Health versus Mysticism and Self-Sacrifice,” TON, March 1963, p. 9.

  _____, “Concerning Ayn Rand’s For the New Intellectual,” display ad, New York Times, May 28, 1961, p. B14.

  “Disturber of the Peace,” Mademoiselle, May 1962, pp. 172–96.

  Kimberly Brown, “Ayn Rand No Longer Has Script Approval,” New York Times, January 14, 2007.

  William F. Buckley, Jr., “Recollection of Ayn Rand,” syndicated in the Chicago Sun-Times, March 13, 1982.

  _____, “Ayn Rand, RIP,” National Review, April 2, 1982, p. 380.

  Jennifer Burns, “Godless Capitalism: Ayn Rand and the Conservative Movement,” Modern Intellectual History, 2004, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 359–85.

  William Henry Chamberlain, “Von Mises at 80,” Wall Street Journal, October 20, 1961, p. 10.

  Stephen Cox, “The Craft of Ayn Rand,” Liberty, January 2006, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 31–33.

  _____, “The Evolution of Ayn Rand,” Liberty, July 1998, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 49–57.

  _____, “The Films of Ayn Rand,” Liberty, August 1987, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5–10.

  Patricia Donegan, “A Point of View,” Commonweal, November 8, 1957, pp. 155–56. “Down with Altruism,” Time, February 29, 1960, pp. 94–95.

  Willard Edwards, “List 18 as Leaders in Red Film Invasion,” Chicago Tribune, October 21, 1947, p. 1.

  Everett H. Ellinwood, George King, and Tong H. Lee, “Chronic Amphetamine Use and Abuse,” in Floyd Bloom and Donald Kupfer, eds. Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress (Nashville, Tenn.: American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2000).

  Nora Ephron, “A Strange Kind of Simplicity,” New York Times, May 5, 1968.

  Roderick Grant, “Wright and Rand,” Journal of the Taliesin Fellows, Spring 1997, issue 21, pp. 5–24.

  Ron Grossman, “Passions: A Disciple Confronts Ayn Rand’s Power,” Chicago Tribune, September 9, 1986, p. 1.

  Albert Guerard, “Novel on Architectural Genius,” New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review, May 30, 1943, p. 2.

  Dora Jane Hamblin, “The Cult of Angry Ayn Rand,” Life, April 7, 1967, pp. 44–50.

  Leslie Hanscom, “Born Eccentric,” Newsweek, March 27, 1961, pp. 104–105.

  Harry Hanson, “The Fountainhead Enjoys Fresh Wave of Popularity,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 24, 1944, p. 19.

  Don Hauptman, “The ‘Lost’ Parts of Ayn Rand’s Playboy Interview,” Navigator, March 2004, pp. 9–11.

  Granville Hicks, “A Parable of Buried Talents,” New York Times, October 13, 1957, p. 266.

  Ruth Beebe Hill, “Shared Moments with a Famous Author,” The Journal of the San Juan Islands, July 23, 1986, p. 1.

  Sidney Hook, “Each Man for Himself,” New York Times, April 9, 1961, p. BR3.

  Hedda Hopper, “Looking at Hollywood,” Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1944, January 29, 1948, February 16, 1948, May 7, 1
948, and June 21, 1948, p. A7.

  Kenneth Horan, “Three Unusual Novels with Widely Different Settings,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 30, 1943, p. E10.

  John Hospers, “Conversations with Ayn Rand,” Liberty, July 1990.

  _____, “Conversations with Ayn Rand II,” Liberty, September 1990.

  _____, “Memories of Ayn Rand,” Full Context, May 1998.

  _____, “Remembrance of Things Past,” Liberty, August 2006.

  James Howard, “Nightshirt Fringe Applauds Ayn Rand’s Ten-Year-Old Book,” PM, October 22, 1947.

  Lester Hunt, “Thus Spoke Howard Roark: The Transformation of Nietzschean Ideas in The Fountainhead,” Philosophy and Literature, 2006, vol. 30, no. 1.

  Erskine Johnson, “This Is Hollywood,” syndicated in the Zanesville [Ohio] Times Recorder, March 21, 1957.

  John Kobler, “The Curious Cult of Ayn Rand,” The Saturday Evening Post, November 11, 1961, vol. 234, no. 45, pp. 98–101.

  Joseph Loftus, “Expert Balked It,” New York Times, October 31, 1947, p. 1.

  James Kevin McGuinness, “Double Cross in Hollywood,” The New Leader, July 15, 1944.

  Hope Ridings Miller, “Lady Boileau, Here, Finds G-Men Most Interesting,” Washington Post, February 23, 1938, p. X14.

  Karen Minto, “Interview with John Hospers,” Full Context, May 1998.

  Karen Minto and David Oyerly, “Interview with Henry Mark Holzer, Part II, Full Context, September/October 2001.

  Lewis Nichols, “Talk with Ayn Rand,” New York Times, October 13, 1957, p. 272.

  _____, “In and Out of Books: Class of ‘43,” New York Times, December 22, 1957, p. 136.

  Albert Jay Nock, “Isaiah’s Job,” The Atlantic Monthly, June 1936.

  Claudia Pierpont, “Twilight of the Goddess,” The New Yorker, July 24, 1996, pp. 70–81.

  Norman Podhoretz, “Intellectuals and Writers, Then and Now,” Partisan Review, Fall 2002, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 507–40.

  Orville Prescott, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, May 12, 1943, p. 23.

  Thomas Pryor, “Young Conductor May Star in Film,” New York Times, August 21, 1945, p. 17.

  Rex Reed, “Controversial Eye in a New Hurricane of Excitement,” syndicated in Chicago Tribune, February 25, 1973, pp. D7, D11.

  Karen Reedstrom, “Interview with Barbara Branden,” Full Context, October 1992.

  _____, “Interview with Joan Kennedy Taylor,” Full Context, October 1993.

  _____, “Interview with Erika Holzer,” Full Context, February 1996.

  _____, “Interview with Nathaniel Branden,” Full Context, September 1996.

  J. C. Rogers, “Reds and Whites: Ayn Rand’s We the Living Portrays Aristocrats Amid Russian Revolution,” Washington Post, April 26, 1936, p. B8.

  Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, “The Russian Subtext of Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead,” The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Fall 2004, vol. 6, no. 1.

  Murray Rothbard, “My Break with Branden and the Rand Cult,” Liberty, September 1989, pp. 27–32.

  _____, “The Sociology of the Ayn Rand Cult,” monograph, Liberty Publishing, 1987.

  “Russian Girl Finds End of Rainbow in Hollywood,” Chicago Daily Times, September 26, 1932.

  Morrie Ryskind, “A Reply to Elmer Rice about the MPAPAI,” The New Leader, December 23, 1944.

  Nora Sayre, “The Cult of Ayn Rand,” New Statesman, March 11, 1966, p. 332.

  Chris Matthew Sciabarra, “The Rand Transcript,” The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Fall 1999, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–26.

  _____, “The Rand Transcript, Revisited,” The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Fall 2005, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–17.

  Lee Shippley, “The Lee Side o’ L.A.,” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 1934, March 11, 1936, March 31, 1936.

  Richard Siklos, “Hearst’s New Home: Xanadu in Manhattan,” New York Times, June 5, 2006, p. C6.

  Jack Stinnett, “A New Yorker at Large,” syndicated column appearing in the Florence [S.C.] Morning News, May 22, 1936.

  Harold Strauss, “Soviet Triangle,” New York Times Book Review, April 19, 1936, p. 7.

  Alvin Toffler, “The Playboy Interview: Ayn Rand,” Playboy, March 1964, p. 38–43, 64.

  Samuel A. Tower, “Film Men Admit Activity by Reds, Sam Wood Lists Writers by Name,” New York Times, October 21, 1947.

  Diana Trilling, “Fiction in Review,” The Nation, June 12, 1943, p. 843.

  “Novelist Tells of Russia in Lavery’s Suit,” Los Angeles Times, August 8, 1951.

  “Russian Girl Jeers at U.S. for Depression Complaint,” syndicated in the Oakland Tribune, October 7, 1932, p. 9.

  Gore Vidal, “Comment,” Esquire, November 1961.

  Jeffrey Walker, “Ayn Rand, Objectivism and All That,” an interview with Roy A. Childs, Jr., Liberty, April 1993.

  Mike Wallace, “Mike Wallace Asks,” New York Post, December 9, 1957, ghosted by Edith Efron.

  Richard Watts, Jr., “Red Terror,” New York Herald Tribune, February 14, 1940.

  “Woman Novelist Reveals Soviet Tyranny’s Horror,” New York American, June 15, 1936.

  Ida Zeitlin, “A Passionate and Powerful Novel of Conflicts in the Red Land,” New York Herald Tribune Books, April 19, 1936, section VII, p. 4.

  SPEECHES AND LECTURES

  Michael S. Berliner, “Ayn Rand in Russia,” a lecture presented in three parts (Letters/ Music/Movies) at the Lyceum International, Brussels, Belgium, 1997.

  Harry Binswanger, “Ayn Rand’s Life: Highlights and Sidelights,” taped speech delivered at the Thomas Jefferson School, San Francisco, 1993.

  _____, dinner lecture, ARI Centenary Conference, April 24, 2005.

  _____, “Recollections of Ayn Rand,” talk presented to the NYU Objectivist Club, November 20, 2007.

  Nathaniel Branden, “The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand,” lecture given at the University of California at San Diego, May 25, 1982.

  _____, “Objectivism Past and Future,” speech delivered at California Institute for Applied Objectivism, November 1996, Laissez Faire Books.

  Jeff Britting, “An Illustrated Life,” speech given at the Ayn Rand Centenary Conference, New York, April 23, 2005.

  Yaron Brook, “Rand’s Musical Biography,” speech given at the Ayn Rand Centenary Conference, New York, April 23, 2005.

  Scott McConnell, “Paramount Studio Tour,” speech given on the Paramount Studio lot at the Ayn Rand Institute premiere of Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life, November 2, 1996.

  _____, “Recollections of Ayn Rand I,” speech delivered at the Oslo Objectivist Conference, Oslo, Norway, October 18, 2003.

  _____, “Ayn Rand’s Family and Friends, 1926–1951,” a lecture presented at ICON 2004, London, England, September 25, 2004, based on Ayn Rand Institute Oral History Project interviews and material in the Ayn Rand Institute Archives.

  Shoshana Milgram, “The Road to Roark,” speech presented at an ARI Conference in Industry Hills, California, July 2003, based on material in the Ayn Rand Institute Archives.

  _____, “The Hero in the Soul Manifested in the World,” a lecture presented at the Ayn Rand Institute’s Centenary Conference, New York, April 23, 2005.

  _____, “Ayn Rand’s Unique and Enduring Contributions to Literature,” lecture, ARI Centenary Conference, July 7, 2005, San Diego.

  _____, “Ayn Rand as a Public Speaker: A Philosopher Who Lived on Earth,” lecture given at the Objectivist Conference, Boston, July 7, 2006.

  George Reisman, “Memories of Mises, Rothbard and Rand,” taped speech presented to the Mises Institute, 2005.

  Dina Schein, “Ayn Rand’s Home Atmosphere: Her Family in Russia,” a lecture on letters to Rand from the Rosenbaums, 1926–35, July 9, 2005, Ayn Rand Institute Centennial Conference, Santa Barbara, California.

  MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES

  Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life, a film produced, directed, and written by Michael Paxton; associate produced and music composed by Jeff Britting, 35 mm, 2 hr. 24 min. (Santa Monica,
Calif.: Strand Releasing, 1998).

  Bonhams and Butterfields, The Library of Ayn Rand, auction catalog, Los Angeles, June 28, 2005.

  Barbara Branden, “It’s a Dirty Job, But …,” an unpublished essay written in 2007, courtesy of the author.

  Jeffrey Walker, Go Ask Alyssa, an unpublished book-length study of Rand, Judaism, and Nietzsche, courtesy of author.

  Nathaniel Branden and Barbara Branden, “In Answer to AR,” independently published and distributed mailer, October 1968.

  PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  TEXT CREDITS

  Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to reprint previously published and unpublished material:

  Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: Excerpts from An Oral History with Robert M.W. Vogel, interviewed by Barbara Hall (Beverly Hills, CA: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Oral History Program, 1991). Reprinted by permission of Barbara Hall, on behalf of Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

  The Ayn Rand Institute: Excerpts from 100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Rand by Scott McConnell, an unpublished project of the Ayn Rand Archives (Irvine, CA: Ayn Rand Institute Press, forthcoming). The Ayn Rand Archives at The Ayn Rand Institute is a reference source. Use of its materials by this author does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of this work by The Ayn Rand Institute. Reprinted by permission of The Ayn Rand Institute.

  Michael Berliner: Excerpts form “Ayn Rand in Russia,” a lecture presented at the Lyceum International, Brussels, in 1997. Reprinted by permission of Michael Berliner.

  Nathaniel Branden: Excerpts from Judgment Day by Nathaniel Branden (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989). Reprinted by permission of Nathaniel Branden.

  Doubleday and Barbara Branden: Excerpts from The Passion of Ayn Rand by Barbara Branden, copyright © 1986 by Barbara Branden. Reprinted by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc., and Barbara Branden.

  John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and Nathaniel Branden: Excerpts from My Years with Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden, copyright © 1999 by Nathaniel Branden. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and Nathaniel Branden.