Operation Switchback, 174, 178, 179, 181, 196, 197–198, 203, 205, 213, 233, 241
Operational Plan 34A (OPLAN 34A), 180, 181, 197, 198, 203
Orwell, George, 27, 83
Osborn, K. Barton, 332, 347
Osborne, Howard, 277
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 278, 466
Overseas Writers Association, 77
Pacification and Development Plan, 318–319
Pacifism, 25
Paisley, John Arthur, 3, 469–470, 473
Palace Guard, 129, 138, 193, 194
Palestine, 105
Palestine Liberation Organization, 472–473
Palmer, Bruce, 292, 346
Pancho Villa Expedition, 13
Pao, Vang, 5, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 228–229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 241, 243, 245
Papadopoulos, George, 459
Parade, 338, 339
Paris Peace Talks, 295, 297, 308, 317, 422
Partito Communista Italiano (PCI). See Italian Communist Party
Pathet Lao (PL), 179, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 230, 232, 233, 235, 236, 240, 244, 245, 326
Patton, George S., 41, 47, 48, 154
Peace Corps, 300
Peace movement. See Antiwar movement
Peacekeeping Institute, 143
Peacetime intelligence/espionage, realizing central agency needed for, 69, 70
Pearl Harbor attack, 28, 31, 32, 71
Pella, Guiseppe, 102, 103
Peninsular Campaign, 151
Pentagon Papers, 322, 332, 343, 358
See also US Department of Defense
Penthouse, 469
People’s Action Teams (PATs), 208–210
People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN). See Viet Cong
People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), 72–73, 89, 119, 360
People’s Liberation Army, 83
People’s Republic of China. See China
People’s (Provisional) Revolutionary Government (PRG), 310, 434
People’s Self-Defense Force, 300
Pershing, John J., 13
Personalism, 117–118, 130
Peru, 460
Petry, Charles “Slats,” 242, 243
Peurifoy, John E., 126
Philby, Harold Adrian Russell “Kim,” 107–108, 277, 471
Philby, Harry St. John, 107
Philippine-American War, 152
Philippines, 66, 93, 115, 117, 127, 150, 159, 173, 215, 227, 242, 304, 465
Phillips, David, 366–367, 380, 404–405, 418
Phillips, Rufus, 119, 188–189, 253
Phoenix program, 285, 288, 310–316, 327–328, 331–332, 338, 358, 365, 392, 395, 396, 444, 473
Pike, Douglas, 159
Pike, Otis, 442, 445, 448, 449, 450, 451, 459, 460
Pincus, Walter, 461–462
Pindar, Barbara, 391
Pine Gap facility, 472, 473
Pinkerton, Allan, 70
Pinochet, Augusto, 368, 369, 410
Pius XII (pope), 99
PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia), 214, 215, 216, 217, 410
Plausible deniability, 443–444
Playboy, 458
Plumbers team, 343, 346, 347, 348, 351, 358, 360, 364
Poisons, 240, 451–453, 457, 458
Poland, 26, 92, 94, 111
Polgar, Tom, 314, 425, 426, 427–428, 430, 431, 432, 433, 433–434
Police Aerial Resupply Unit (PARU), 221, 222, 223
Political Action—Counter-Terror Teams, 248
Political Action Section, 154
Political Action Teams (PATs), 248, 249
Political Development Working Group, 268
Polk, George, Jr., 76–77, 78
Polk, Rhea, 77–78
Popular Forces (PF), 257, 286
See also Ruff-Puffs
Porter, William, 261, 263, 267
Portugal, 459
Poshepny, Anthony Alexander (Tony Poe), 223, 228, 233–234, 240
Powell, Colin, 362
Powers, Gary, 176, 389
Powers, Thomas, 467, 476–477
Presidential Survey Office (PSO), 160, 162
Princeton, 22–23, 25, 27, 228
Proctor, Edward, 445
Project Azorian, 383–389, 402
Project Gladio, 101
Project Naomi, 452
Project Tiger, 147–149, 180, 182, 197–198, 238
Protestant Reformation, 99
Prouty, L. Fletcher, 446
Province Security Committee, 313
Provincial Interrogation Centers (PICs), 270, 279, 312, 314, 323
Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRUs), 251, 252, 257, 287–288, 288–289, 311–312, 313, 315, 323, 327, 331, 332, 338
Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG), 310
Provisional (People’s) Revolutionary Government (PRG), 310, 434
Proxmire, William, 462
Psychological Strategy Board, 97
Quakers, 395
Quandt, William, 382
Quang, Thich Tri, 182, 184, 189, 206, 296
Quat, Phan Huy, 210, 249
Queen Elizabeth (ship), 36, 37
Raborn, William F. “Red,” Jr., 211–212, 251, 366
Radio Free Europe, 86, 111, 273, 334
Ramparts, 273, 274, 334, 338, 392
Rand Corporation, 322, 343, 354
Raskin, Marcus, 396
Reagan, Ronald, 412, 438, 470, 471, 472, 474, 476
Red Army, 53, 83, 86, 92
Regional Forces (RF), 286
See also Ruff-Puffs
Reid, Ogden, 331, 332
Republic of Vietnam. See South Vietnam
Republican National Committee, 352, 456
Republican Party, 10, 78, 117, 309
See also specific Republican leaders
Reston, James “Scotty,” 451
Revolutionary Development Cadre. See Rural Development Cadre program
Revolutionary War (American), 19, 69
Rhade tribe, 155, 156, 157, 160–163, 172–173, 179, 323
See also Montagnards
Rice-roots revolution, 139, 259, 268, 286, 317, 318, 320
See also Counterinsurgency and pacification in Vietnam
Richardson, Elliott, 333, 361, 362, 364
Richardson, John “Jocko,” 178, 183, 185–186, 189, 195, 201
Rivers, L. Mendel, 271, 363
Robert B. Blaikie Regular Democratic Association, 75
Roberts, Kenneth, 21–22
Rocca, Ray, 104, 418
Roche, John, 267
Rockefeller Commission, 412, 416, 419, 437, 438–439, 453, 457, 461
Rockefeller, Nelson, 378, 407, 412, 413, 437–438, 445
Rogers’ Rangers, 21
Rogers, Robert, 21, 304
Rogovin, Mitchell, 440, 447, 448, 451, 452, 453–454, 460
Roman Catholic Church. See Catholics/Catholicism; Vatican
Romania, 92, 93
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 349
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 23, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 67, 70, 116, 196, 388
Roosevelt, Kermit, 366
Roosevelt, Theodore, 7, 9–10, 11
Roselli, Johnny, 457
Rosenberg, Ethel, 79
Rosenberg, Julius, 79
Rosenthal, A. M., 405, 461
Rositzke, Harry, 90
Rostow, Walt, 173, 257, 292, 376
ROTC, 19, 22, 23, 27
Rote Kapelle, 107
Rough Riders, 9, 10
Royal Laotian Army, 221, 230, 231, 236, 243–244
Royal Laotian Government (RLG), 219, 220, 226
RT Iowa teams, 243
Ruff-Puffs, 297, 299
Rumsfeld, Donald, 407, 416, 448–449
Rural Development Cadre program, 250, 251, 252, 257, 259, 264–265, 266, 270, 279, 285, 286, 291, 297, 299, 302, 319
Rusk, Dean, 189, 192, 195, 215, 230, 264, 341
Russell, Richard, 175, 204, 271, 363
Sadat, Anwar, 381, 383, 448, 45
4
Saigon Military Mission (SMM), 117, 118, 120, 126
Sakharov, Andrei, 468
Sakwa, Paul, 395
Saragat, Giuseppe, 96
Satellite surveillance system, 375, 472
Sather, Tom, 54, 58, 59, 61, 65
Saudi Arabia, 381, 382
Sauvageot, Jean, 318, 321, 322
Savang Vatthana (King), 219, 232
Scandinavia, 7, 86, 88–90, 91–94, 101
Scelba, Mario, 102, 103
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 75, 114, 199
Schlesinger, James R., 354–356, 357–358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 372, 377, 379, 380, 387, 392, 398, 402, 405, 411, 415, 418, 429–430, 440, 441, 448, 455, 473
Schneider, Herr, 17–18
Schneider, René, 337–338, 339, 453, 458
Schorr, Daniel, 397, 403, 419, 420, 438, 446, 450, 453, 454, 455, 457, 460, 461
Schwarz, F.A.O., Jr., 445
Scotland, 37
Scotton, Frank, 206, 208, 209, 248, 250, 253, 254, 255, 256, 259, 286, 304, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 329, 346
Scowcroft, Brent, 405, 407, 411, 414, 419, 424, 441, 448, 455
Sea Swallows, 165, 174
Second Indochinese War, 125, 230, 258
See also specific countries, organizations, events, and people involved in the war
Second Opium War, 17
Second Reconstruction, 253, 363
Secret Forces: The Technique of Underground Movements (Miksche), 292
Secret Intelligence Branch (SI), 33
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS/MI-6), 32, 33, 90, 93, 107, 108, 277, 360, 371, 403
Secret Service, 70
Security and Intelligence Fund, 468
Sedang tribe, 162
Selassie, Haile, 24
Self-Defense Forces, 136
Senate. See US Congress
SEPES, 149, 314
Serbian campaigns, 410
Serbian Executive Committee of Mercy, 12
Serong, Francis Philip “Ted,” 152, 157
Service d’Etudes Politiques et Sociales (SEPES), 131, 149
Seven Pillars of Wisdom (Lawrence), 39, 40, 54, 59
Seven Years’ War, 21
17 November (17N), 460
Seward, William Henry, 376
Shackley, Theodore, 239–240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 321, 323, 327, 427, 431
Shannon, Edgar F., Jr., 412
Shaplen, Robert, 123
Sharp, George, 34–35
Shaw, George Bernard, 40
Sheehan, Neil, 187, 254, 255, 258, 291, 346, 365–366, 395, 396–397, 453–454, 463
Shelton, Sally (second wife), 1–2, 5, 293, 474–475, 475–476
Shepherd, Billy, 165
Sihanouk, Norodom, 126, 132, 325
Sihanoukville, 325, 354
Silberman, Laurence, 387, 398, 403, 410, 411, 412, 415, 416–417, 440, 453
Singlaub, John, 242, 243
Sino-Soviet campaign/imperialism, 80, 82, 97, 102, 114, 126, 240, 271, 370
Sino-Soviet relations, 377
Sino-Soviet split, 277, 370
Sirica, John J., 364
Sitting Bull, 11
Six-Day War, 381
“Skis and Daggers” (Colby), 64–65
Smith, David, 189, 191, 196, 200, 201
Smith, Walter Bedell, 87, 90–91, 93, 105
Snepp, Frank, 312, 314, 321, 329, 421–422, 434
Social Democrats (Italy), 96, 97
Socialist Party of Italy. See Italian Socialist Party (PSI)
Socialists/socialism, 110, 113
Sodoul, Adrien (code-named “Colonel Chevrier”), 47, 49–50, 63, 151
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 468
Sons of the American Revolution, 20
Souers, Sidney, 71
Souphanouvong (Prince), 230, 236
South Korea, 154, 397
South Vietnam, 133, 155, 162, 196, 261, 476, 477
Americanizing the conflict in, 231
committing US forces to, 151, 227, 230
Communist stronghold in, 168
corps commander system in, 318, 319
divided into military regions, 208
elections in, 132
entrepôt for arms funneled into, 354
evacuations from, 6, 425–426, 428, 429–430, 431, 432–433
fall of Danang in, 426
fall of Saigon in, 421, 431, 432, 433, 437
final assessments on Thieu’s government of, 433–434
French community remaining in, 118
Geneva Accords and, 117
goal of the US Mission in, 235
insurgency in, 116, 121, 125, 135–136, 144, 164
National Assembly, 138, 182, 311, 319, 320, 321
National Police, 289, 315, 327, 429
nation-building in, 134, 141, 149–150, 151, 247, 249, 253, 260, 286, 290, 296, 317, 319, 330, 435
noncommunist society-building in, 7, 117
NVA infiltrating, 197, 235, 239, 423
political action efforts in, 268–269
propaganda teams in, 206
refugees in, 128, 156, 160, 161, 194, 270, 290, 296, 424, 425, 426, 434
religious sect wars in, 119–120, 189, 268
Saigon, described, 122–124, 269–270
seeing the conflict in, as a people’s war, 169
stay-behind nets in, 144, 164
and tribal reconcentration plan, 159
unpacified villages in, types of, 252
US abandonment of, 6, 434
US embassy attacked in, 282–283
US military installations attacked in, 210
on the verge of collapse, 210
Viet Minh returning to, 125, 144
withdrawal of US military from, 309–310, 326, 422, 423
See also specific people, organizations, activities/events, and issues involving South Vietnam
South Vietnamese Airborne, 430
South Vietnamese Air Force, 161, 285
South Vietnamese Army. See Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)
South Vietnamese Marine, 424–425
Souvanna Phouma (Prince), 218, 219, 223, 226, 229, 230, 236, 239, 241, 245
Soviet and East European Division, 275, 277–278, 355–356
Soviet Bloc Division, 90, 93
Soviet Union, 24, 28, 66, 72, 75, 80, 94, 105, 107, 116, 199, 205, 278, 340, 355, 366, 367, 370, 381, 448, 458–459, 467
and the Berlin Blockade, 74, 79
and the Spanish Civil War, 25, 26
annexation of the Baltic states, 90, 92
détente with, 376, 379, 389, 414, 442, 465, 466, 468
economic and political action in Italy and, 98–99, 100
human rights and, 468
Hungarian uprising against, 111–112, 113
Laos and, 220, 223, 225–226
mail-intercept program involving, 340, 357, 360, 402
and the missile gap, 334, 335
non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, 26, 33
North Vietnam and, 423, 428, 431
openings to, 308, 370, 376, 414
possible invasion of Scandinavia by, CIA preparations for, 86, 88–94
Project Azorian and, 383–389, 402
proxies for, 472
SALT and, 335, 376, 379, 467, 469, 470, 471
spies during WWII, 107–108
Truman’s dealings with, 71, 73
Vietnam and, 421, 423
Yom Kippur War and, 382, 383
See also specific people, organizations, activities/events, and issues pertaining to the Soviet Union
Spain, 63, 159
Spanish American War, 9, 13, 70, 152
Spanish Civil War, 25, 26, 35, 82
Special Actions Group, 426–427, 429–430, 431
Special Branch, 270, 287, 288, 314, 328
Special Forces Division (US Army). See US Special Forces
Special Forces Headquarters (WWII), 61, 62
Special Group, 176
Special Guerilla
Units (SGUs), 231, 233
Special Investigation Group, 276
Special Operations Branch (SO), 33
Special Operations Executive (SOE), 32, 34, 37, 42, 46
Special Operations Group (SOG), 341–342
Special Projects Staff, 384
Special Warfare Center, 143
Spellman, Francis Cardinal, 128
Spock, Benjamin, 271
Sputnik, 335
Spy satellites, 177, 333, 468, 470
St. George, Andrew, 349–350
St. Petersburg Imperial Guards, 54
Stalin, Joseph, 24, 33, 75, 79, 82, 96, 110, 114, 196
Stennis, John, 271, 363, 414, 441
Stern, Laurence, 460, 462–463
Stimson, Henry, 31
Stokes, Alice, 2
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), 335, 376, 379, 455, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471
Strategic Hamlet Program, 167–168, 169, 181, 189, 197, 230, 237, 292
Struggle for the World, The (Burnham), 114
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 342
Studies and Observation Group (MACVSOG), 180, 241–243, 245
Suez crisis, 112
Suharto, 216, 217
Sukarno (Kusno Sosrodihardjo), 127, 176, 214, 215, 216, 217, 410, 438
Sullivan, William, 226, 227, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241
Summa Corporation, 384–385, 387, 388
Summers, Lawrence, 344
Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 33–34, 40–41, 49, 53, 55, 61, 63
Sveaborg organization, 92
Sweden, 56, 59, 86, 88, 89–90, 91, 92–94
Symington, Stuart, 365, 393, 399, 414
Syria, 381, 382, 383
Szulc, Tad, 470
Taiwan Strait crises, 127
Talbott, Strobe, 395
Tan Son Nhut Air Base, 122, 139, 146, 147, 148, 190, 269, 283, 285, 428, 430, 431, 432
Tay Son Rebellion, 133
Taylor, Maxwell, 144, 158, 173, 185, 190, 191, 204–205, 257, 320
Taylor, William, 303
Team Atlas, 148
Team Bruce, 39, 41, 42–46, 47–48, 48–51, 125
Team Castor, 147–148
Team Dido, 148
Team Echo, 148
Team Tarzan, 148
Temko, Stan, 27, 28, 64, 280, 443, 475
Tet Offensive, 283–284, 290, 293, 295, 299, 317, 320, 326, 434
Thailand, 126, 127, 203, 218, 219, 221, 226, 231, 232, 235, 240, 465
Thang, Nguyen Duc, 249–250, 286, 295–296
Thao, Pham Ngoc, 168, 196
Thien, Do Van, 148–149
Thieu, Nguyen Van, 139, 194, 210, 249, 250, 252, 258, 259, 260, 267, 269, 283, 286, 294, 295, 300, 307, 308, 309, 296, 314, 298, 317, 299, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 327, 328, 329, 410, 422, 424, 425, 429, 433
coup plots against, 427, 428, 430
resignation of, 431
Thimmesch, Nick, 413
30 September Movement, 216
Tho, Le Duc, 422
Tho, Nguyen Ngoc, 186
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