by Tom Philbin
Ressler interviewed more than thirty serial killers including Jeffrey Dahmer, John Wayne Gacy, and Edmund Kemper. Ressler had many memorable moments, but none more memorable then when he was interviewing the giant (6'10", 250 pounds) Kemper in a small interrogation room. Kemper suddenly announced that he could pounce on Ressler and kill him before the guards standing outside the door could stop him. He didn’t, of course, but Ressler learned something about being alone with a killer.
Roy Hazelwood
I met Roy Hazelwood in the 1980s at the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit. He was a quiet, intense man who smoked cigarillos and had a wry sense of humor. But after listening to the kind of things he investigated, I wondered how he could sleep at night.
Hazelwood’s specialty was investigating major sex-based crimes, such as those committed by serial rapists and murderers. One of his most notable investigations was the case of Robert Hansen in Alaska who would capture his victims, torture them, kill them, and then have sex with them up to thirty-two days after their deaths.
With Finney and two detectives, Brussel examined the crime-scene photos and letters and discussed the bomber’s metal-working and electrical skills. Based on that, he developed what he called a “portrait,” or profile, of the bomber. Brussel theorized that the bomber’s motivations stemmed from the belief that he had been wronged by Con Edison. That led Brussel to conclude that the bomber suffered from paranoia, a condition he described as “a chronic disorder of insidious development, characterized by persistent, unalterable, systematized, and logically constructed delusions.” Based on the evidence and his own experience in dealing with psychotic criminals, Brussel put forth a number of theories. As it turned out, his portrait would turn out to be remarkably close to that of the actual Mad Bomber.
Portrait of a Bomber
Brussel theorized that the Mad Bomber was a man, as most bombers usually are. Based on his knowledge of hospitalized mental patients, Brussel postulated that the Mad Bomber was well proportioned, of average build, and a good worker. Because paranoia is a disease that takes a while to develop, the bomber was likely to be in his forties or fifties.
In addition, Brussel suspected that the bomber was foreign born—and likely a Slav because bombs were favored by criminals in middle Europe. Brussels also suspected that the bomber’s notes were written by someone whose native language was not English, adding to his suspicion that the bomber was foreign.
Brussel also profiled the bomber as being a loner who had no friends. Unmarried, he had little interest in women, was possibly a virgin, and perhaps was living with an older female relative. They likely lived in Connecticut because the state had high concentrations of Slavs and because many of the bomber’s letters were posted in Westchester County, New York, the midway point between Connecticut and New York City. Brussel also predicted that when the bomber was caught, he would be wearing a buttoned, double-breasted suit. That detail turned out to be astonishingly correct.
As the police investigated, they kept what they had discovered close to the vest, but Brussel had an idea about how to flush out the perp. Brussel convinced the police to heavily publicize the profile they had developed, predicting that any wrong assumption made in it would prod the bomber to respond. Under the headline “16-Year Search for a Madman,” the New York Times version of the profile summarized its major components.
“Single man, between 40 and 50 years old, introvert. Unsocial but not antisocial. Skilled mechanic. Cunning. Neat with tools. Egotistical about mechanical skill. Contemptuous of other people. Resentful of criticism of his work but probably conceals resentment. Moral. Honest. Not interested in women. High school graduate. Expert in civil or military ordnance. Religious. Might flare up violently at work when criticized. Possible motive: discharge or reprimand. Feels superior to critics. Resentment keeps growing. Present or former Consolidated Edison worker. Probably case of progressive paranoia.”
The profile came out on Christmas Day 1956, and no one could have predicted the reaction it would receive. Hoaxes and false confessions poured in, and by three days after Christmas, the cops had received fifty false warnings about bombs.
Another Letter
The day after the profile was published, the New York Journal-American published a letter, first edited by the police, urging the bomber to give himself up. The newspaper promised a “fair trial” and offered to publish his grievances. The Mad Bomber wrote back the next day, signing his letter “F.P.” He said that he would not give himself up. He also revealed that his days on earth, scarily, were numbered. Did he plan to go out in a blast of glory, taking others with him?
The Journal-American published another letter with police guidance on January 15, 1957, asking the bomber to provide more details about his grievances. The bomber wrote back: “I was injured on the job at Consolidated Edison plant—as a result I am adjudged—totally and permanently disabled.” He also stated that he had had to pay his own medical bills and that Consolidated Edison had blocked his workers’ compensation case.
When a motorist injures a dog—he must report it—not so with an injured workman—he rates less than a dog—I tried to get my story to the press—I tried hundreds of others—I typed tens of thousands of words (about 800,000)—nobody cared—[…]—I determined to make these dastardly acts known—I have had plenty of time to think—I decided on bombs.
The bomber said he had been injured on January 5, 1931. He said that no one came to his aid and other employees lied about his condition so he couldn’t get compensation. In setting up a dialogue with him, the police obviously had one goal: to gather as much information as possible.
Pay Dirt
Alice Kelly, a Con Edison clerk, was one of many people trying to find out who the Mad Bomber was. She had spent many hours going through compensation claims at Con Ed to see if any of the claimants seemed like the Mad Bomber. Then, on Friday, January 28, 1957, when she had gone through almost all of the claims, she came across a file containing handwritten complaints that read like those of the bomber, including the phraseology. Indeed, one of the terms used was “dastardly deeds.” The complainant, George Metesky, lived in Waterbury, Connecticut. He had been injured in a plant accident on September 5, 1931, and his letters complained bitterly about how he had been denied compensation.
Alice contacted her superiors and the NYPD, who contacted the Waterbury police and asked that they discreetly check out Metesky’s house at 17 Fourth Street. One thing led to another, and eventually when NYPD detectives knocked on Metesky’s door, they were greeted by a middleaged, pleasant Slavic man very much like the man Brussel had profiled. The man was unmarried and lived with two elderly sisters in the house.
George Metesky, the Mad Bomber.
Upon seeing the police officers, Metesky said, “I know why you fellows are here. You think I’m the Mad Bomber.” The detectives asked what “F.P.” stood for, and he told them it meant Fair Play. Metesky was arrested, and the story exploded. Later, Metesky told the arresting officers that he had been “gassed” in the Con Edison accident, had contracted tuberculosis as a result, and had started planting bombs because he “got a bum deal.”
Going over a police list of thirty-two bomb locations, but never using the word “bomb,” he remembered the exact date where each “unit” had been placed and its size. He then added to the police list the size, date, and location of fifteen early bombs the police had not known about—all left at Con Edison locations and apparently never reported. When his Con Edison bombs did not gain public attention, he had started planting bombs in public places to gain publicity for what he termed the “injustices” done him.
He also confirmed the reason no bombs had been planted during the United States’ involvement in World War II: the former Marine had abstained because of his patriotism. In their search of his house, police found parts for a bomb that would have been larger than any of the others. Metesky explained that it was intended for the New York Coliseum.
In the end, Mete
sky went on trial in New York and was found not guilty by reason of insanity. He was sent to the Matteawan State Hospital on April 18, 1957, and though most people expected him to spend his life there, that didn’t happen. In 1973, he was declared well enough to be released from Creedmoor Psychiatric Hospital, a facility to which he had been transferred, and he lived the last twenty years of his life—he died at ninety—peacefully. He hoped to the last that his compensation case against Consolidated Edison would be heard, but it wasn’t.
The Unabomber
A bomber who stands somewhere between the horrific damage done by Timothy McVeigh and the feebler attempts of George Metesky is the Unabomber. Over seventeen years, he set off bombs that killed three people and seriously injured twenty-four others.
The man that the world would eventually identify as the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski, came to the attention of police in 1978 with the explosion of his first, primitive homemade bomb in Chicago. Over the next seventeen years, he mailed or hand delivered a series of increasingly sophisticated bombs. Along the way, he sowed fear and panic, even threatening to blow up airliners in flight.
In 1979, an FBI-led task force that included the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service was formed to investigate the “UNABOM” case, code-named for the University and Airline Bombing targets involved. The FBI task force would grow to more than 150 full-time investigators, analysts, and others. In search of clues, the team made every possible forensic examination of recovered bomb components and studied the lives of victims in minute detail. These efforts proved of little use in identifying the bomber, who took pains to leave no forensic evidence, building his bombs essentially from “scrap” materials available almost anywhere. And the victims, investigators later learned, were chosen randomly based on library research.
At one point, investigators speculated that the Unabomber had been raised in Chicago and later lived in the Salt Lake City and San Francisco areas. This turned out to be true. His occupation proved more elusive, with theories ranging from aircraft mechanic to scientist. Even the Unabomber’s sex was not certain: although investigators believed the bomber was most likely male, they also investigated several female suspects.
The big break in the case came in 1995. The Unabomber sent out a 35,000-word essay claiming to explain his motives and views on the ills of modern society. After much debate about the wisdom of “giving in to terrorists,” FBI Director Louis Freeh and Attorney General Janet Reno approved the task force’s recommendation to publish the essay in hopes that a reader could identify the author.
After the manifesto appeared in the Washington Post and the New York Times, thousands of people suggested possible suspects. One stood out: David Kaczynski described his troubled brother, Ted, who had grown up in Chicago, taught at the University of California at Berkeley (where two of the bombs had been placed), and then lived for a time in Salt Lake City before settling permanently into the primitive 10-foot by 14-foot cabin that the brothers had constructed near Lincoln, Montana.
Most importantly, David provided letters and documents written by his brother. Linguistic analysis determined that the author of those papers and the manifesto was almost certainly the same person. Combined with facts gleaned from the bombings and Kaczynski’s life, that analysis provided the basis for a search warrant.
On April 3, 1996, investigators arrested Kaczynski and searched his cabin. There, they found a wealth of bomb components; 40,000 handwritten journal pages that included bomb-making experiments and descriptions of Unabomber crimes; and one live bomb, ready for mailing.
Kaczynski’s reign of terror was over. His new residence, following his guilty plea in January 1998, was an isolated cell in a Supermax prison in Colorado.
—From the website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Notable Quotables
“But the store had turned into an inferno…”
—Joseph Wambaugh, The Fire Lover
“Arsonists almost always traveled alone.”
—Joseph Wambaugh, The Fire Lover
The worst of what were to be 2,000 fires set by a California arsonist occurred on October 10, 1984, in Ole’s Home Center on Fair Oaks Avenue in South Pasadena, a suburb of Los Angeles. It was the worst of the blazes because it took human life—and the baffling part was figuring out who had set it.
The fire was of an extremely dangerous type—and they do vary in levels of danger—but at first it was not perceived that way, so people who were being urged to leave the building did not all get out in time. Why didn’t they leave rapidly? Some didn’t realize the need to flee, while others, perhaps in reaction to the stressful situation, chose to bury their heads in the sand.
Column of Smoke
The fire was first spotted by Jim Obdam, an Ole’s clerk. He was walking toward the front of the store when he saw a tubular column of dark smoke. He immediately started to check the store for other people and found Carolyn Kraus working in the paint area. Jim asked if any more people were in her area, and she ran off to check.
In the hardware section, Obdam found a 50-year-old woman named Ada Deal who was pushing a shopping cart with a small child riding in it. He told her they had to leave the store immediately but contradicted himself by adding, “Don’t be alarmed.” Obdam ran away, but at one point he looked back to see the woman and child still there. “Take the child,” he said more urgently, “and let’s go.”
He ran forward and, at one point, looked toward the smoke, which had turned into “a wall of flame…bright orange and raging,” as Joseph Wambaugh described it in his book Fire Lover. Then the lights went out abruptly, and the store was plunged into darkness.
No one outside had an all-encompassing view of what was happening in the store, so some people—including Billy Deal, whose wife and grandson had entered the store only a half hour before—were unaware of the profound danger that those inside faced. Deal was alerted when an employee on a forklift went racing by yelling that there was a fire. Suddenly panicked, Billy called out for his wife, “Ada! Ada!” But she did not answer.
In the electrical department, an employee named Tony Colantuano spotted another employee and several customers headed toward the south fire door. He yelled at them to come with him, that the quickest way out was a door he knew of, and they turned and ran toward it. Later Colantuano would say that there was a wave of fire behind them, moving toward them. But the people who went through the door with him lived.
The store had turned into an inferno, and in the end, after the firemen got the blaze under control, four people were dead: Ada Deal and her grandson Matthew Troidl; Carolyn Kraus, who worked in the paint department; and a handsome young Hispanic man named Jimmy Cetina. He had left the store but went back in when he heard people banging on a metal fire door. It had automatically dropped as a safety measure to keep fire from spreading between different areas. The metal doors had been designed with the assumption that they would only be activated at night when no one was in the store.
Shocker
While the fire was raging at Ole’s, Chief Murray, who was directing the operations of 125 firefighters, learned of a stupefying coincidence: another fire was ablaze at Von’s Market, which was on the same street as Ole’s and only a few minutes away.
At one point Murray glanced across the street and saw John Orr, a Glendale investigative firefighter, snapping pictures. Knowing Orr, who seemed to have a quick temper but had built a growing reputation as an excellent fire investigator, Murray alerted him about the fire at Von’s and asked if he would assist by conducting an investigation.
Perhaps—and there is no way to know if it would have helped—people would have lived and hundreds of fires would have been prevented if John Leonard Orr had been accepted as a police officer, which had been his dream. But who knows? A lot of innocent people might have been shot dead.
Orr seemed to have a very good chance of becoming a cop with the Los Angeles Police Departm
ent. He passed the various physical and mental tests, and he had done fire-investigation work in the Air Force, which looked good on a resume.
The final step was to pass the psychological part of the test. When Orr spoke to the interviewing psychiatrist, he said that his life was all “Ozzie and Harriet,” meaning that he had a sitcom life with no serious problems. But Orr said later that the psychiatrist, who was young, had thought Orr had said Ozzy Osbourne, a rock-and-roll artist who once bit the head off a bat while on stage.
The truth was that his mother had deserted his father when Orr was sixteen. She returned to her native Missouri and didn’t see her son again until he was nineteen. His father was dealing with a business failure and became morbidly depressed when his wife left, causing Orr to worry that his father would kill himself. As it happened, his mother never saw his father again, choosing not to rejoin the family when she returned to Los Angeles.
Rejected
Orr was rejected by the LAPD, and he became distraught. The psychiatrist report stated:
Non-acceptable applicant. Reason for rejection: past history and test results. Currently having marital problems with separation. Recently walked off a job with no notice. Supervisors gave him poor evaluations, described him as goof-off, know-it-all, irresponsible, and immature. The testing reemphasizes this. Rorschach showed him passive, indecisive with problems with women and sex. The MMPI confirmed this and showed a schizoid person who is withdrawn from people and may have sexual confusion in his orientation. Very non-objective. Diagnosis: Personality trait disturbance. Emotionally unstable personality.