Snow-Storm in August

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by Jefferson Morley


  INSERT

  bm.1: Historical Society of Washington/Kiplinger Library

  bm.2: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress

  bm.3: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress

  bm.4: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress

  bm.5: Oberlin College Library

  bm.6: Cook Family Papers, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University

  bm.7: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress

  bm.8: Painting by Gilbert Stuart, 1804. Andrew W. Mellon Collection. Image courtesy of the National Gallery of Art, Washington

  bm.9: Historical Society of Washington/Kiplinger Library

  bm10: The New York Public Library

  bm.11: Jones Memorial Library, Lynchburg, VA

  bm.12: The New York Public Library

  bm.13: Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society

  bm.14: Roger Brooke Taney protrait by Henry Inman, circa 1827. Courtesy of Historical & Special Collections, Harvard Law School Library

  bm.15: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress

  bm.16: National Archives & Records Administration

  bm.17: City of Toronto Archives

  bm.18: Finn O’Hara

  Index

  abolitionists:

  and amalgamation, 1.1, 42.1, 44.1

  American Anti-Slavery Society, 19.1, 21.1, 21.2, 27.1, 32.1, 34.1, 39.1, 41.1, epl.1

  and blue-state politics, 42.1, epl.1

  in Canada

  and Emancipation Proclamation, epl.1, epl.2

  growing numbers of supporters, 34.1, 43.1, epl.1, epl.2

  mobs as threat to, 30.1, 34.1, 36.1

  in Pennsylvania, 2.1, 9.1, 9.2

  publications of, 4.1, 14.1, 19.1, 19.2, 21.1, 21.2, 22.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1, 30.1, 31.1, 32.1, 32.2, 34.1, 34.2, 34.3, 36.1, 41.1, 42.1, 42.2

  and U.S. v. Reuben Crandall, 41.1, 42.1, 43.1, epl.1

  in Washington City, 19.1, 20.1, 36.1, epl.1, epl.2

  Adams, John Quincy, 1.1, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1, 17.2, 26.1, 31.1, 35.1, 36.1, 42.1, epl.1

  Adams, Louisa

  Adams administration, 7.1, 12.1

  African Americans, see people of color

  African colonization, 1.1, 5.1, 9.1, 14.1, epl.1

  Key’s support of, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 41.1, bm1.1

  opponents of, 4.1, 18.1, 19.1, epl.1

  Alabama, dispute settled in

  Allen, Richard

  amalgamation, 1.1, 42.1, 44.1

  AME (African Methodist Episcopal) Church, 5.1, 6.1, 34.1, epl.1

  American Anti-Slavery Society, 19.1, 21.1, 21.2, 27.1, 32.1, 34.1, epl.1

  “Slave Market of America,”

  and U.S. v. Reuben Crandall, 41.1, 42.1, 43.1, epl.1

  American Colonization Society, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 9.1, 41.1, epl.1

  American Spectator

  “American System,”

  Anti-Slavery Record, The, 19.1, 19.2, 27.1, 41.1

  Armfield, John

  Ashton, Henry

  Austin, Ralsaman

  Bailey, Gamaliel

  Bank of Maryland, 12.1, 26.1, 40.1

  Bank of the United States, 12.1, 40.1

  Bank War, 12.1, 17.1, 20.1, 26.1, 28.1, 36.1, 40.1

  Battle of New Orleans

  Beanes, William, 8.1, 8.2

  Beedle, Alexander

  Berrien, John, 7.1, 11.1

  Biddle, Nicholas, 12.1, 40.1

  Blackford, William

  Blair, Francis, 10.1, 12.1, 17.1, 17.2, 20.1, 32.1, 34.1, 36.1, 37.1, 44.1, 46.1

  Boulanger, Joseph

  Bowen, John Arthur (Arthur Bowen), 14.1, 18.1, 22.1, 48.1

  accusations against, 23.1, 24.1, 25.1, 32.1, 36.1, 36.2, 36.3, 40.1, 41.1, 42.1

  axe held by, 22.1, 23.1, 23.2, 23.3, 24.1, 35.1, 35.2, 36.1

  intoxication of, 22.1, 23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 34.1, 35.1, 35.2, 35.3, 36.1, 36.2, 37.1, 38.1, 38.2, 39.1, 44.1, 46.1

  in jail, 25.1, 27.1, 30.1, 36.1, 37.1, 38.1, 38.2, 39.1, 42.1, 44.1

  mobs as threat to, 26.1, 28.1, 30.1, 32.1

  presidential pardon of, 39.1, 39.2, 44.1, 46.1, epl.1

  requests for pardon of, 37.1, 38.1, 44.1

  sale of, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 36.1, 46.1, bm1.1

  sentencing of

  trial of, 32.1, 34.1, 34.2, 35.1, 36.1

  writings of, 38.1, 39.1

  Bowen, Maria:

  and Arthur, 14.1, 18.1, 23.1, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 32.1, 34.1, 35.1, 35.2, 37.1, 37.2, 44.1, 46.1, bm1.1

  freedom granted to

  and Mrs. Thornton, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 31.1, 34.1, 37.1, 46.1

  Bowen, Nelly, 14.1, bm1.1

  Bradley, Joseph, 36.1, 41.1, 41.2, epl.1, bm1.1

  Bradley, William, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 25.1

  and mob violence, 26.1, 28.1, 29.1, 30.1, 32.1

  and Snow, 29.1, 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, 47.1, 47.2

  Brodeau, Ann, 14.1, 15.1, 23.1, 35.1, 36.1, 39.1, 44.1, 46.1

  Brooke, Rev. John T.

  Brown, George, 48.1, 48.2

  Brown, Jesse, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1

  Brown, Joel

  Burr, Richard

  Butler, Benjamin, 38.1, 39.1

  Butler, Eliza and Henry

  Caldwell, Charles

  Calhoun, John, 7.1, 16.1, 48.1

  Campbell, Rev. John Nicholson, 7.1, 11.1

  Canada:

  emigration to

  slavery abolished in

  Snow in Toronto, 46.1, 48.1

  Cargill family

  Caribbean, emigration to

  Cary, Isaac Newton, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 13.1, 16.1, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 42.1, epl.1, epl.2, bm1.1, bm2.1

  Cary, Thomas Jr., 16.1, 27.1, 48.1

  Cary, Thomas Sr., 4.1, 33.1

  Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 20.1

  Cheshire, Archibald

  Chinn, Julia, 1.1, 7.1, 18.1, 44.1

  Civil War, U.S.

  and Dred Scott decision, 7.1, bm1.1

  and emancipation

  Clarke, John

  Clay, Henry, 1.1, 5.1, 8.1, 16.1, 48.1

  Cockburn, George, 8.1, 31.1

  Coltman, Charles, 17.1, 17.2

  Columbia Typographical Society

  Congress, U.S.:

  and assassination attempt

  gag rule in, 36.1, 41.1, epl.1

  and Houston trial, 10.1, 41.1

  and Jackson, 16.1, 34.1

  red-blue partisans in

  and slavery issue, 11.1, 13.1, 36.1, 41.1, epl.1, epl.2

  conservatives vs. liberals

  Cook, John Francis, 4.1, 4.2, 34.1, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 42.1, epl.1, bm2.1

  and abolitionists, epl.1, epl.2

  and Arthur Bowen, 14.1, 18.1, 18.2, 22.1, 22.2, 24.1, 35.1, 35.2, 38.1

  colonization opposed by, 6.1, 18.1

  death of

  in later years

  mobs as threat to, 30.1, 34.1

  opposition to drinking, 22.1, 38.1, 39.1

  and Philomathean Society, 4.1, 14.1, 18.1, 35.1

  Coote, Clement, 47.1, 47.2

  Costin, Louise Parke

  Costin, William, 30.1, 35.1, 35.2

  Coxe, Richard, 36.1, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 42.1, 43.1, bm1.1

  Cranch, William, 17.1, 17.2, 34.1, 36.1, 36.2, 37.1, 40.1, epl.1, bm1.1

  U.S. v. Bowen

  U.S. v. Crandall, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 42.1

  U.S. v. Fenwick

  Crandall, Prudence

  Crandall, Reuben:

  as abolitionist, 19.1, 26.1, 36.1, 42.1, 45.1, epl.1

  and acquittal, 43.1, epl.1

  arrival in Georgetown

  death of

  in jail, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 30.1, 36.1, 40.1, 41.1

  mobs as threat to, 27.1, 28.1, 28.2, 29.1, 29.2, 31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 43.1

  pamphlets of, 19.1, 19.2, 24.1, 27.1, 28.1, 30.1, 41.1, 41.2, 42.1

  police interrogations of

  trial of, 41.1, 42.1

  Crandle, George

  Creek Indians,
12.1, 12.2

  Cuffe, Paul

  DeBaptist, Benjamin

  Decatur, Stephen

  Declaration of Independence, 4.1, 18.1, epl.1

  Delaplaine, Edward

  democracy:

  and rule of law, 40.1, 41.1

  vs. slavery, 5.1, 31.1, 32.1, 34.1, 36.1

  Denison, Charles, 19.1, 19.2, 41.1

  Dickens, Charles, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

  Dickerson, Mahlon

  Digby, John

  District of Columbia:

  abolition of slavery in, 36.1, epl.1

  capital punishment in, 37.1, 39.1

  pamphlet campaign in

  see also Washington City

  Dodd, Rev. William

  Donelson, Andrew, 32.1, 34.1

  Donelson, Emily

  Douglass, Frederick

  Dove, Gilson, 13.1, 13.2

  Dozier, Joe

  Dred Scott v. Sandford, 7.1, 12.1, bm1.1

  Duane, William

  Dyer, Edward

  Eaton, John, 7.1, 46.1

  Eaton, Margaret, 7.1, 37.1

  Ellicott, Thomas, 12.1, 12.2, 40.1

  emancipation, see abolitionists

  Emancipation Proclamation, epl.1, epl.2, epl.3

  Emancipator, The, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 27.1, 30.1, 41.1

  Epicurean Eating House, Washington City, 5.1, 16.1, 16.2, 25.1, 29.1, 48.1, epl.1, bm2.1

  mob destruction of, 29.1, 29.2, 31.1, 40.1, 40.2

  as National Eating House

  Epicurean Recess, Toronto

  Epicurus:

  Jefferson’s admiration for, 1.1, 5.1

  Snow’s admiration for, 5.1, 20.1, 25.1, 29.1, 33.1, 47.1, 48.1, 48.2, epl.1

  Exchange Saloon, Toronto

  Fleet, John

  Fort McHenry, Maryland, p02.1

  Foy, Mordecai, 17.1, 17.2

  Franklin, Benjamin

  Fredericksburg, Virginia

  free men of color in

  Snow in

  Freedom’s Journal

  Frelinghuysen, Theodore

  Fulton, Robert

  Gadsby, John, 4.1, 5.1

  Gales, Joseph, 3.1, 24.1, 31.1, 33.1, 36.1, 37.1

  Galway, Moore

  Garrison, William Lloyd, 4.1, 5.1, 19.1, 21.1, 21.2, 27.1, 30.1, 42.1, 43.1, epl.1, epl.2

  Gayle, John, 12.1, 12.2

  Gayle, Sarah Haynesworth, 12.1, 20.1, 34.1

  Genius of Universal Emancipation, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 9.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, epl.1, bm1.1

  Gettys, James

  Gibson, George, 23.1, 25.1, 32.1, 35.1, 37.1, 39.1

  Globe (Washington City), 10.1, 20.1, 31.1

  Globe, The (Toronto), 48.1, 48.2

  Gordon, Charles

  Gray, George and Celia, 11.1

  Green, Constance McLaughlin

  Green, Duff:

  and abolitionists, 43.1, 44.1

  and assassination attempt, 17.1, 17.2

  and Bowen, 24.1, 36.1

  and cabinet purge

  and mob violence, 31.1, 32.1

  and Stanbery attack

  and Telegraph, 3.1, 4.1, 20.1, 24.1, 28.1

  Greer, William, 13.1, 13.2, 27.1

  Haliday, James

  Hallowell, Benjamin

  Hamilton, Alexander, 2.1, 5.1

  Hayne, Robert

  Hemings, Sally, 5.1, 18.1

  Hepburn, Moses

  Hoover, Herbert

  Houston, Sam:

  Stanbery attacked by

  trial of, 10.1, 11.1, 41.1

  Howard, Charles

  Howe, Daniel Walker

  Human Rights, 19.1, 27.1

  Huntt, Henry, 23.1, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 32.1, 35.1, 37.1

  Hutton, James

  Indian Queen Hotel, Washington City, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1

  Intelligencer, 24.1, 30.1, 31.1, 33.1, 34.1

  Jackson, Andrew, 1.1, 44.1

  and abolitionists, 32.1, 34.1

  attempted assassination of

  and Bank War, 12.1, 40.1

  and Battle of New Orleans

  and Bowen, 34.1, 38.1, 39.1, 39.2, 44.1

  and the common man

  and Congress, 16.1, 34.1

  death of

  and dueling

  and Eaton Affair

  and horse-racing

  and Houston

  inauguration of

  and Indian removal

  and Key, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 36.1

  and mob violence, 32.1, 32.2

  opponents of, 32.1, 40.1

  as president, 1.1, 12.1, 38.1, 39.1

  summer vacation of, 22.1, 22.2, 25.1, 28.1

  and Taney, 7.1, 12.1, 36.1, 40.1

  and Mrs. Thornton, 34.1, 37.1, 38.1

  Jackson, Rachel, 7.1, 37.1

  Jackson, William (congressman)

  Jackson, William (messenger)

  Jackson administration

  cabinet purged

  and corruption charges, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 17.1

  and Eaton Affair

  and “Petticoat War,” 49

  and the press, 10.1, 32.1

  Janney, Jacob, 4.1, 13.1

  Jeffers, Madison:

  and Bowen, 23.1, 24.1, 25.1, 30.1, 32.1, 35.1, 37.1

  and Crandall, 26.1, 27.1, 30.1, 41.1

  mobs incited by

  Jefferson, Thomas, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1, 18.1

  Jockey Club, Washington City, 3.1, 3.2, 18.1, 34.1, bm2.1

  Johnson, Abraham

  Johnson, Clem

  Johnson, Richard Mentor, 1.1, 7.1, 18.1, 44.1, 46.1, bm1.1

  Jones, David

  Jones, Richard

  Jones, Walter

  and Bowen case, 26.1, 32.1, 34.1, 35.1, 35.2, 36.1, 37.1

  and militia, 20.1, 28.1, 29.1, 29.2, 30.1, 31.1, 32.1

  Journal of Commerce

  Jurdine, Henrietta and Harriet

  Kendall, Amos, 20.1, 32.1, 34.1

  Kennedy, James

  Kerr, Richard

  Key, Ann (daughter), 6.1, 20.1, 46.1

  Key, Charles Henry (son), 6.1, 9.1

  Key, Daniel (son), 6.1, 10.1, 20.1, 45.1, 46.1, bm1.1, bm2.1

  Key, Edward (son)

  Key, Elizabeth Phoebe (daughter)

  Key, Ellen (daughter)

  Key, Francis Scott:

  and abolitionists, 19.1, 19.2, 26.1, 28.1, 31.1, 36.1, 39.1, bm1.1

  ambition of, 6.1, 10.1, 40.1, 46.1

  and assassination attempt

  and Bowen, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1, 32.1, 35.1, 37.1, 39.1, 44.1

  campaign against bawdy houses, 11.1, 20.1, 40.1

  and colonization, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 41.1, bm1.1

  and Crandall, 28.1, 28.2, 31.1, 36.1, 41.1, 42.1, 43.1, 45.1

  and Daniel’s death

  death of

  as district attorney, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1, 16.1, 26.1, 31.1, 32.1, 36.1, 40.1, 40.2, 42.1, bm1.1

  and dueling

  early years of

  and Eaton Affair

  family of, 6.1, 7.1, 20.1, 40.1, 45.1, 46.1

  and Houston trial, 10.1, 11.1

  and Jackson, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 36.1

  law practice of, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 41.1, bm1.1

  and mobs, 26.1, 28.1, 29.1, 30.1, 31.1, 36.1, 40.1

  and people of color, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 13.1, 16.1, 29.1

  and poetry, 12.1, 20.1, 34.1

  political speech (1834)

  reputation of, 10.1, 36.1, 41.1, 43.1, 46.1

  “The Star-Spangled Banner,” prf.1, 5.1, p02.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, bm1.1

  and Taney, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1, 36.1, 40.1

  and Mrs. Thornton, 14.1, 37.1

  and War of 1812

  Key, Francis Scott Jr. (son), 6.1, 10.1, 45.1

  Key, John Ross (son), 6.1, 45.1, bm1.1

  Key, Maria (daughter)

  Key, Mary Alicia (daughter)

  Key, Philip Barton (son), 6.1, 45.1

  Key, Philip Barton (uncle), 7.1, 9.1

&nb
sp; Key, Polly [Mary Tayloe] (wife), 6.1, 7.1, 14.1, 40.1

  King, Henry, 24.1, 28.1, 41.1

  King, Rev. Martin Luther Jr.

  King, William

  Lafayette, Marquis de, 12.1, 22.1

  Lancaster schools

  Laub, Andrew, 28.1, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 31.1, 36.1, 40.1

  Laub, John

  Lawrence, Richard

  Lee, William Thomas, 30.1, 34.1

  L’Enfant, Pierre Charles

  liberals vs. conservatives

  Liberator, The, 4.1, 5.1, 14.1, 19.1, 19.2, 22.1, 43.1

  Liberia, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1

  Lincoln, Abraham, epl.1, epl.2, epl.3

  Lindsey, Adam

  Linthicum, John

  Lundy, Benjamin, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1, 13.1, 16.1, 19.1, 27.1, 41.1, 41.2, 42.1, epl.1, epl.2, bm1.1

  Lynch, John

  Lynchburg, Virginia:

  people of color in

  Snow’s oyster house in, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1

  Madison, Dolley

  Madison, James, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 15.1

  Marshall, John

  Martin, Luther

  Martineau, Harriet, 2.1, 4.1, 17.1, 44.1

  Mattingly, Thomas, 45.1, 46.1

  McDaniel, Sally

  McLane, Louis

  mechanics:

  manual laborers as

  and mobs, 26.1, 28.1, 29.1, 30.1, 31.1, 32.1, 40.1

  and Muster Day

  and printing press

  and public meeting

  Mechanics Association of Fredericksburg, 33.1, 33.2, 33.3

  Mercantile Agency

  Metropolitan, 24.1, 30.1, 31.1, 33.1, 39.1

  Miller, William Lee

  Mississippi, slave rebellion in, 21.1, 26.1

  Mobocracy, 26.1, 29.1

  Jackson’s opposition to, 32.1, 32.2

  newspaper stories about, 31.1, 32.1

  Snow-Storm, 30.1, 31.1, 32.1, 34.1, 36.1, 36.2, 40.1, 48.1, 48.2, epl.1

  U.S. v. Fenwick et al., 36.1, 40.1

  Morsell, James S., 35.1, 47.1

  mulatto (person of mixed-race heritage)

  Muster Day

  Nat, General, 9.1, 9.2

  National Eating House, Washington City, 40.1, 43.1

  National Era, The

  National Hotel, Washington City, 4.1, 5.1

  National Intelligencer, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2

  National Negro Convention (1830), 4.1; (1835), 18.1

  Neal, J. W., 2.1, 3.1

  Negro convention movement

  New-England Magazine, The

  Newton, Sir Isaac

  Niles, Hezekiah

  Niles’ Weekly Register, 31.1, 34.1

  Norvell, William

  Obama, Barack

 

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