effects of New Madrid (Missouri) great quakes on, 143
Brace, Dr. William, 234, 363n
Bradbury, John, 137, 138, 356n
book about, 356n
Bridge, John, 138
Brown, Charles (of Brown and Hawkins), 36
Brown and Hawkins (building and store in Seward Alaska), 31–33, 80, 81, 84–86, 89, 90, 102, 103, 121
Bryan, Elizabeth (AKA Elizabeth or Eliza Bryant), 142, 145, 146, 356n
Buffalo, New York, 302, 348, 353n, 355n, 370n
building codes, 370n
east of the Rockies, 131
Bunker, John and Florence, 277, 288
Burbank, California, 336
Bureau of Land Management, 269
Burford, Dr. Bob, 328
Cable News Network, Los Angeles, California Studio, 337
Cajon Pass, California (location of USGS Deep Drilling Project), 328
California, 134, 167, 177, 178, 197, 207, 210, 235, 244, 367n, 370n
building standards, 32, 33
California Assembly Bill 2202, 370–371n
earthquake potential in, 164
potential of great subduction zone earthquake in, 300
seismic wave transmission characteristics of, 130
volcanic eruptions in, 256, 258–260
California Division of Mines and Geology, 261, 280
California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council, 324
California Highway Patrol, 280
California National Guard, 280, 284
California Office of Emergency Services, 261, 280, 281, 284
California Seismic Safety Commission, 235, 236
California State University, Los Angeles, California, 334, 335
Caltech (California Institute of Technology), 19, 119, 154, 157, 164, 173, 179, 194, 210, 239, 240, 243, 246, 343, 360–362n, 365n, 375n
involvement in 1987 Whittier, California, earthquake, 336, 338
Canada, 139, 146
Cape Flattery, Washington, 15–17, 23
Captain Cook Hotel, Anchorage, Alaska, 311, 316, 317
Car Hill, Parkfield, California, 326
Caribbean plate, 241
Carney, Clyde, 182, 183
Carrizo Plain, California, 165, 166, 197–201, 203, 304, 362–363
Carter, President Jimmy, 236, 237, 251, 252, 254–256, 364n, 370n
Cascade Mountain Range (Cascades), Washington, 134
Cascade volcanoes, 134, 254, 256–258
Cascadia subduction zone, 17, 20, 21, 258, 343, 344
Caspian Sea, USSR, 232
Caterpillar, D-8 bulldozer, 35, 40, 53, 59
Charleston, South Carolina, 271, 303–308
1886 earthquake, 11, 185, 303–305, 364n
vulnerability to great quakes, 348, 353n, 369–370n
Chena, SS (Alaska steamship Company vessel), 30, 31, 34–41, 53, 54, 56–64, 95–102, 117, 372n
first mate, 57
Second Engineer Carson Dorney, 60, 61
ship’s steward, 39, 41, 58
Third Mate Ralph Thompson, 56, 64, 95, 96, 122
Chenega, Alaska, 124, 125
Chicago, Illinois, 130, 131, 146, 147, 299, 302, 307, 353n, 370n
Chile, 153, 343
Dr. Plafker’s 1968 expedition. See: Chapter 11.
Isla Guamblin, and Dr. George Plafker’s 1968 study of, 149–151
1960 Great Earthquake, 18, 25, 149–151, 357n
subduction zone earthquakes, 17
Chugach Mountains, Alaska, 34, 44, 48
Cincinnati, Ohio, 130, 147
effects of New Madrid (Missouri) great quakes on, 143
Citadel, the, 306
City Cold Storage, 48, 49
Clark, Bob and Blanche, 106, 107, 120, 121
Clay, Henry (senator from Kentucky), 139
Club Valdez Restaurant, 34
Clyoquot, British Columbia, Canada, 24
Coalinga, California, 165
Earthquake Claims Project, 367n
1983 earthquake, 275–290, 296, 297, 317, 367–369n
Cocos plate, 240, 292
Coldwater Creek, Washington (Coldwater II), 252, 254
Colorado, 129, 146, 259
Columbia Center, Seattle, Washington, 347
Columbia River, 134, 256
Columbia University
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, 158, 233, 354n
Conference on Eastern Earthquake Potential, Knoxville, Tennessee, 1981, 306
Congress of the United States. See: U.S. Congress continental drift, theory of. See also: Wegener, Alfred, 133, 155–157
Cook Inlet, Alaska, 43–45
Cordova, Alaska, 119, 125, 355n
Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, 314, 315
Coulter, Henry, 372n
Crater Lake, Oregon (remains of ancient Mount Mazama), 133, 258, 259
craton, North American, 129
Crescent City, California, 119, 120, 355n
Crowley Lake, California, 177
Cruz, Dr. José Hernández, 294, 295, 299
Dakessian, Marlene, 275–277
Dallas, Texas, 118, 147, 299, 307
Daly City, California, 165
Darling, Oscar, 32, 80, 81, 85, 86, 89, 102, 104
Darling, Virginia Hawkins, 32, 80, 81, 85, 86, 89, 102–104
Denali Theater, 108
Depoe, Oregon, 119
Detroit, Michigan, 118, 130, 147
Devil’s Race Ground (on Mississippi River below Kentucky Bend), 140, 141
dilatancy, 235, 250
Brace experiments in rock breakage characteristics, 363n
Disneyland (California), 117
Dobrovolny, Dr. Ernest, 45, 315, 316, 353n
Donalee Site, Parkfield, California, 323
Dorney, Carson (Chena’s second engineer), 60, 61
Dow, Lorenzo, 356n
Down’s syndrome, 18
drying apple theory, 155, 156
rejection of, 163
Durant, Will, 350
Dutton, Robert, 180
Duwamish River, Seattle, Washington, 347
earthquake anchors, 369n
earthquake hazard mitigation, 172, 186
Steinbrugge report, application of, 186
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, 236, 237, 242, 248–250, 256, 300, 302, 308, 325, 365n, 370n, 374n
earthquake lights, 144, 363n
Earthquake Park, Anchorage, Alaska, 312
earthquake potential
Oregon, 15–25
Pacific Northwest, 15–25
Washington, 15–25
earthquake prediction (forecasting), 167–169, 170, 172–174, 197, 223, 237, 241, 242, 243, 247–250, 373n
animal behavior as predictive tool, 363n
definition of, 365
first formal USGS prediction, 279
first serious prediction, Wasatch Range, Utah, 169
Haicheng-Yingkou region, China, 1974 forecast, 226–229
Mammoth Lakes, California, 250
Oaxaca, Mexico, 250
prediction efforts versus engineering improvements, 172
President’s Office of Science and Technology, ad hoc panel on, 359n
short-term prediction, 235
USGS earthquake hazard watch, 264
earthquake-resistant design technology, 173
earthquakes
hypocenter, 153
Parkfield quakes of 1857, 1881, 1901, 1922, 1934, 1966, 324, 325
1727, New England, 132
1755, Boston, Massachusetts, 132, 355n; 364n
1755, Lisbon, Portugal, 132, 355n
1811–1812, New Madrid (Missouri) great quakes, 135–147, 307, 309, 356n
1857, Fort Tejon, California, 164, 167, 177–179, 201–203, 206, 207, 226, 362n, 372n
1872, Owens Valley, California, 264
1906, San Francisco, California, 132, 164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 185, 201, 360n
1923, Tokyo, Japan, 241
1933, Long Beach, Calif
ornia, 85, 184, 185
1944, Tokaido-Nankido region, Japan, 241
1946, Tokaido-Nankido region, Japan, 241
1960, Chile great quake, 18, 25, 149–151, 357n
1964,Alaska Great Earthquake (Chapters 2–8), 132, 163, 172, 175, 186, 187, 311–315, 317–320, 334, 372n
1965,Puget Sound, Washington, quake, 21, 346, 347
1971, San Fernando quake (Chapter 13), 191, 234, 236, 335, 336, 337, 360n
1974, Haicheng-Yingkou quake, China, 228, 229
1976, Tangshan, China, 229–232
1978, Oaxaca, Mexico, 250, 300
1983, Coalinga, California (Chapter 20), 372n
1985, Mexico City (Michoacán) quake, 292–295, 297–302, 368–369n
East-Pacific rise, 159
Egan, William (Bill) (governor of Alaska in 1964), 54
elastic rebound theory, 178, 360n. See also: Reid, Harry Fielding
Elbe, Emil, 92, 93
El Capitan Mountain, Yosemite National Park, California, 258
Elliot, Father Norm, 49, 68
Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska (Anchorage), 44, 66, 124, 126, 127
headquarters, Alaska Air Command, 44
Endresen, Andy, 83–85, 91, 92, 121
Endresen, Eddie, 83–85, 91, 92, 121
Endresen, Frank, 84, 91, 92, 121
Engineering Geology Evaluation Group, Anchorage, Alaska, 315
England, 139
epicenter, definition, 353n
Everendon, Dr. Jack, 246, 364n
Ewing, Dr. Maurice, 159
Exposito, Lupe, 334, 335, 373n
Exposito, Rosa, 334, 335
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 119
Fairbanks, Alaska
road from Valdez, 37
Falcon (Ferrier boat), 33, 34, 100, 101
fault
definition of, 359n
fault plane, 52
fault scarp
definition of, 359n
Federal Express Corporation
headquarters in Memphis, Tennessee, 307
Federal Insurance Administration, 301
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), 235, 280, 284, 301, 345, 346, 367n, 370n
address, 381
Ferrier, Basil (Red), 33, 34, 62, 100, 101
Ferrier, Delbert, 33, 34, 62, 100, 101
Ferrier, Hazel, 55, 63, 98
Ferrier, Larry, 55, 63, 98
Ferrier, Marion, 34, 41, 55, 62, 63, 98
FHA (Federal Housing Authority), 284
Field Act (California State Assembly), 184, 185, 361n
First Bank of Valdez, 97
Flores, Paul, 308
Flynn, Mayor Gary, 262
Ford, President Gerald R., 236, 237
administration of, 374n
Fort Richardson Army Base (Anchorage), 44, 127
Fort Sumter, South Carolina, 303
Fort Tejon, California, 179, 187, 201, 235, 370n
great quake of 1857, 177, 178, 201, 362n
next expected great quake near, 179, 223, 363n, 370n
Four Seasons apartment building, Anchorage, Alaska, 45, 66, 77, 108, 109
Frampton, Gail, 262
France, 139
Franklin, Benjamin, 355n
Fresno County Economic Development Agency, 284, 367n
Gardner, Governor Booth (Washington), 374n
Garlock Fault, California, 177
Garm Mountains, USSR, 233
General Motors dealership, in Anchorage, Alaska, 109
Gentry, Curt (author of The Last Days of the Late, Great State of California), 361n
Geological Society of America
1971 annual convention, 192, 193
geologists
definition in relation to geophysicists and seismologists, 161, 162
geophysicists
definition in relation to seismologists and geologists, 161, 162
Gilbert, Dr. Grove Karl, 169, 170, 223, 359n
speech on earthquake prediction to meeting of geographers, 1909, 170
Gilson, Tom, 40, 54, 55, 61, 62, 97, 98
Gilson Mercantile, 40
Golden, Colorado, 291, 292, 336, 357n
Good Friday quake. See: Alaska 1964 Great Earthquake.
Goose Bay, Labrador, Canada, 118
Gore, Senator Albert (D—Tennessee), 300–302
Gorton, Senator Slade (R—Washington), 300, 301
Government Hill, Anchorage, Alaska, 44, 124
grabens, 108
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings amendment, 302, 328
Grantz, Dr. Arthur (USGS), 123–127
Grays Harbor, Washington, 342, 343
Great Basin, 359n
Gregorioff, Paul, 54
Growden, David, 39, 56–59
Growden, Jim, 39, 56–59
Growden, Jimmy, 39, 56–59
Gryc, Dr. George, 117
Guadalajara, Mexico, 298
Guam, 119
Guerrero seismic gap, 300
Gulfport, Mississippi, 355n
Gutenberg, Dr. Beno, 360n, 375–376
Haicheng, China, 226–230, 235, 236
Half Dome Mountain, Yosemite National Park, California, 258
Hamann, Duane, 326–328, 372–373n
Hancock, Henry, 205, 362n
Havinghurst, Walter (author of Voices on the River, The Stories of the Mississippi Waterways), 356n
Hawaii, 118, 119, 120, 123, 150, 258, 357n
volcanoes of, 366n
Hawkins, Emma Justice, 31–33, 85, 89, 102–104
Hawkins, T. W. (Bill), 32, 36
Hazard Reduction Act. See: Earthquake Hazard Reduction Act of 1977.
Heaton, Dr. Thomas, 17–24, 343, 344, 350, 353n, 365n
Herrera, Juan, 335, 336
Hess, Dr. Harry, 159
Hickel, Walter (Wally) (former Alaska governor and U.S. Interior Secretary), 311, 312, 315–317
High Sierras. See: Sierra Nevada Mountains, California.
Hill, Dr. David, 268, 366n
Hilo, Hawaii, 355n
Hines, Lloyd, 47
Hines, Mitzi, 47, 68, 69, 76, 110, 111
Hines, Mrs. Margaret, 47, 68, 77, 111, 112
Hines, Warren, 47, 68, 69, 75, 76, 110–112, 117, 312–315
Mrs. Warren Hines, 312, 313
Hokkaido, Japan, 118
Holiday Inn Corporation, 307
Hollywood-Burbank Airport, California, 336
effects of 1987 Whittier earthquake on, 336
Holy Family Cathedral, Anchorage, Alaska, 110
home preparedness recommendations, 379–382
Hong Kong, 119
Hospital Juárez, Mexico City, Mexico, 293–295, 298, 299
hot spots
explanation of, 357n
movement of, 366n
Hsing’tai region, 225, 226
Hudson Bay, Canada, 117
Huey (HU-1) helicopter, 125
Hurricane Camille, 1969, 355n
hypocenter (locus of an earthquake), 153, 354n
Idaho, 366n
Iditarod, 31
Illinois, 12, 370n
Inamura, Dr. A., 241, 364n
Indiana, 12
Indianapolis, Indiana, 130
Indian tribes of the Pacific Northwest, 23
Makah tribe, 15
traditions and stories relating to tsunamis, 353n
Interstate 405 (through the San Fernando Valley), 182
Interstate 5 (through the San Fernando Valley), 182
Inyo Mountains, California, 177
Irish, Ed, 55, 61
Isla Guamblin, Chile, 149, 151
Jahns, Dr. Richard, 173, 189, 190, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199, 209, 361n
Japan, 150, 241, 258, 343
1944 earthquake, 18
1946 earthquake, 18
seismographs based in, 156
subduction zone earthquakes, 17
Japanese Trench, 156
J. C. Penney’s Anchorage store. See: Penney’s, J. C.
Jefferson, President Thomas, 139, 143
Monticello (Jefferson’s home), 143
Jencks, Mike, 367n
Jesuit(s)
academic center for earthquake research. See: St. Louis University, 134.
priests, 134
Johnston, Dr. Arch (director of Tennessee Earthquake Information Center), 301, 302, 309, 348, 370n
Johnston, Dr. David, 251–253, 255
Juan de Fuca (Apostolos Valerianos), 22, 23, 353n
Juan de Fuca plate, 19, 344
Kamchatka Peninsula, USSR, 117
Kanamori, Dr. Hiroo, 376
Kansas, 129
Kansas City, Missouri, 147, 299, 307
Kant, Immanuel, 355n
Katchadoorian, Dr. Reuben (USGS), 123, 124, 126, 127
Kelleher, Dr. J. A., 364n
Kelsey, John, 37–41, 54, 63, 101, 102, 122, 319
Kelsey, Robert (Bob), 38, 122
Kelsey family, 63
Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 124
Kennedy, President John F., 350
Kentucky, 129, 143
Kentucky Bend (of the Mississippi River), 138
Kettler, Dr. Robert, 370n
Khait, USSR, 233
King, Jack, 54, 59, 60, 99, 122
King Dome, Seattle, Washington, 347
Knik Arm (Anchorage), 45, 112, 272
Knoxville, Tennessee, 306
Conference on Eastern Earthquake Potential, 306
Kodiak, Alaska, 124, 125
Kopet Dagh Mountains, USSR, 232
Koppel, Ted (ABC Nightline), 283, 284
Krakatoa volcano, 259, 366n
Krieger, Howard, 54, 59, 60
Krueger Motel, Coalinga, California, 276
Kruger, Mr. and Mrs., Coalinga, California, 276, 277
La Brea tar pits, 362n
Lake Texcoco, Mexico City, Mexico, 292, 293, 368n
Lamberson, L. C., 82, 83, 87, 88, 90, 91
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (Columbia University), 158, 233
land-use planning and zoning, 131
Land-Rover (Dr. Perry Mead’s vehicle), 67, 77
laser house on Car Hill, Parkfield, California, 326–328
Lawrence, Sidney (painting by, in Hines house), 68, 75
legends, Indian, possibly related to earthquakes/tsunamis, 23, 24
Leydecker, Al, 367n
Liaoning Province, Manchuria, 226, 228
Liberty ship(s). See: Chena, SS; Talkeetna, SS.
lights related to great earthquakes. See: earthquake lights.
Lindbergh, Dr. Charles, 306, 309, 369–370n
Lindh, Dr. Alan, 325, 328
Little Prairie, Arkansas, 140, 142
Little Rock, Arkansas, 147, 299
Liverpool, England, 137
Local Magnitude Scale explanation, 376
Long Beach, California
1933 earthquake, 32, 33, 85, 184, 185
Long Valley Caldera, California, 177, 250, 260, 263–267
Lopez, Paul, 277, 287
Los Angeles, California, 12, 130, 164, 165, 177–180, 184, 185, 192, 201, 207, 223, 236, 239, 247, 255, 260, 262, 271, 280, 302, 305, 308, 309, 323, 328, 329, 331–333, 334–338, 345, 360n, 370n, 373n
On Shaky Ground Page 45