poisons tested on, 220, 237–38
probability, 41
prodigies, 33. See also omens
Prometheus, 62–64, 327, 338
prophecies: and M, 27–36, 74, 95, 96–97, 136
Martha’s, 134
of Rome’s destruction, 33–36
Sertorius’s white doe and, 259
about Sulla, 196. See also dreams; omens; oracles
prostitutes, sacred, 89–91, 295
Prusias, 57
psychology of M, 101, 173–74, 282, 301, 373–76. See also character of M
Psylli, 111
Ptolemaeus, 282, 288
Ptolemy VIII, 38, 163
Ptolemy (general), 38, 361
Ptolemy of Egypt, 220
Publius (general), 35
Punic Wars, 109. See also Second Punic War; Third Punic War
Purple Snake venom, 102
Pylaemenes, 129
Pyrrhus, 160
Pythion, 154
Pythodorus, 154
Racine, Jean, 2
Mithridate, 164, 219, 286, 361, 368, 370
racism, 7, 300
Raglan, Fitzroy, 40, 371
Ramsey, John T., 28–30
Rank, Otto, 39, 371
realgar, 70, 240
reconnaissance expedition, 120–22
red coral, 246
reign, M’s. See rule, M’s
Reinach, Théodore, 28, 120, 221, 243, 249, 261, 268, 321, 331, 333–34, 351–52, 354, 356
Mithridate Eupator, roi du Pont, 6–7
religion: influences on M, 46
Marius’s political use of, 132–34
Persian, 46–47. See also Zoroastrianism
Remus, 33, 33, 52, 108, 161
reptiles, 91, 238–43, 325. See also salamanders; venom
reputation of M, 2–4, 24, 26, 104, 107, 338, 359
Rhodes, 18, 121–22, 153, 157, 163, 166, 171, 179–83, 181, 200, 221, 228, 262
rhododendron, 70, 88
rhubarb, 240
riding, 43, 43–44, 50, 120, 126
Rigsby, Kent, 58
rings, finger, 190, 247–49
robes. See cloaks
Robin Hood, 40
rock-cut tombs, 82, 83, 354
Roki Pass, 332, 336
Roman Republic: Anatolian uprising against, 59–61
Asia as province of, 58–59, 139–42, 155, 158, 165, 228
attitudes toward, 19–20, 47, 52, 107–9, 146, 155, 160, 167, 172, 344
blood-thirstiness of, 34, 109–10, 202–3, 228–29, 275, 283
civil wars in, 110–11, 132, 141, 165, 188, 210, 221, 223, 236
comets’ meaning in, 29–32, 188, 268
defeats in First Mithradatic War, 152–57
economic collapse in, 9, 166, 173–74
extent of, 25
foreign policy and diplomacy of, 105, 109, 131, 146
Greece and, 36, 109, 110, 175–79, 189–213, 222
human sacrifice in, 186
Italian rebellion in, 139, 157–58, 160, 165, 174, 188, 344
and kings, 161
looting by army of, 110, 112, 200–201, 224, 275, 279, 283, 288–92, 302, 314
and massacre of 88 BC, 13–26
military of, 113
M’s knowledge of, 107–11
M’s plans to invade, 327, 342–45
M’s relations with, 1–3, 8–9, 11, 52, 105, 107, 131, 135–36, 142–46, 305–6
navy of, 157
origin of, 108
and Phrygia, 82
and piracy, 258, 314–16
poison as weapon in, 239, 242
Pontus as ally of, 51–52
prophecies of destruction of, 33–36
rebels within, 108
republican rule in, 108–9
rich vs. poor in, 108–11
Senate in, 109, 165, 186, 224, 227, 229, 256, 294, 342, 352
slave rebellions in, 110–11, 272, 278
Spain and, 109, 110, 186, 236, 258–60, 265, 270
symbol of, 33, 33, 35, 35, 52, 108
values of, 109
war declarations in, 145–46, 165, 193. See also Mithradatic Wars
Romulus, 33, 33, 52, 108, 161, 166
Rostovtzeff, Mikhail, 3, 46
Roxana (sister of M), 45, 98–100, 253, 277, 286, 287
Roxolani, 118, 327
rue, 240, 245, 340
rule: of Cyrus the Great, 49
Persian, 49. See also rule, M’s
rule, M’s: administration in, 153–54
assumption of, 96–99
characteristics of, 119, 296
crowning, 29, 69, 392n39
establishment of, 79
priorities in, 105–7
reforms in, 158
Rumsfeld, Donald, 405n1
Rutilius Rufus, P., 5, 14, 142, 171, 259
sacrifice, 185–86, 262
Saddam Hussein, 8
saffron, 240
Sahin, Sencer, 4
Saint-John’s-wort, 240, 242, 340
salamanders, 91–92, 242
Sallust, 4, 60, 258, 305, 400n24
sambuca, 180, 182–83, 271
Samnites, 160
Samos, 157, 221
Samosata, Commagene, 302–3
Samothrace, 276
sandyx, 296
Sardis, 220
Sarmatia and the Sarmatians, 94, 117, 152, 261, 326, 364
satraps/satrapies, 37, 154
Saturnalia, 328
savior-king: M as, 2, 26, 36, 40, 52, 64, 69, 97, 136–37, 162, 387n15
prophecy of, 27, 34, 36, 57
Scarlatti, Domenico, Mitridate, 364
scars. See lightning; wounds
scenario building, 6, 360
science: achievements in, 2, 252–53, 290–92, 310
Attalus III and, 57–58
M’s studies in, 47–48
poison research, plate 1, 1–2, 48, 58, 69–72, 88–89, 101–3, 201, 220, 237–47, 295–96
scimitars, 32, 104
Scipio Africanus, 109
Scordisci horsemen, 308
scythed chariots. See war chariots
Scythia, 70, 162, 261, 278, 295, 326, 333, 344, 364
Scythian Keyhole (Gates), 333–35, 338–39, 342
Scythian nomads, 50–51, 84, 87, 106, 115, 117, 280–81, 308
Second Punic War, 34
secret communication methods, 206. See also intelligence activities
Selene, 84, 328
Seleucus II, 161
Seleucus Nicator, 37, 162
Seleucus of Cilicia (pirate), 121, 276–77, 290, 325
Senate, Roman, 109, 165, 186, 224, 227, 229, 256, 294, 342, 352
Serapis, 122
Sertorius, Quintus, 111, 236, 246, 258–61, 264, 265, 270
sex and sexuality, 89–91, 114, 295
Shahansha. See King of Kings
shamans, 101. See also Agari healers/shamans; Magi; Psylli
Sheldon, Rose Mary, 174, 175
siblings, 45, 100–101
Sibylline Books, 35, 186, 268
Sicily, 111
siege engines, 2, 179–80, 182, 197–99, 201, 271, 274, 290
sieges: of Amisus, 290
of Athens, 201–5, 203, 204
of Cyzicus, 270–74
of Piraeus, 197–99
poison as tactic in, 61
protective strategies for, 92
of Rhodes, 179–83
of Themiscrya, 279
of Tigranocerta, 297–98
Silk Route, 115, 137, 249, 335
Silo, 157–58
Singh, K. Gajendra, 9
Sinope, Pontus: archaeology of, 8
as birthplace of M, 27
defense and abandonment of, 290
M’s burial in, 354
M’s exile from, 72, 75–95, 392n4
satrapy in, 37
Strabo on, 45
treasure in, 277
Sinopic red earth, 70–71
Sinora, 2
77, 316, 323–24, 330
Sisenna, Lucius Cornelius, 5, 142
Skiathos, 190, 192
slaves and slavery: freeing of, 175, 217
in massacre of 88 BC, 13
mining performed by, 70
moral shortcomings of, 47
in M’s military, 207
national characteristics of, 172–73
origins of, 20
pirates and, 20, 52, 116
Roman, 20–21, 128
Roman rebellion of, 110–11, 272, 278
tattoos on, 20–21
trade in, 20, 52, 116, 217–18
Smyrna, 157, 171, 172, 220
snakes. See reptiles; venom
“Snowball Effect,” of oral tradition, 41
Soanes, 86, 325
Socrates, 230, 418n4
Socrates the Good, 139–40, 143, 159, 161, 226
Sophene, 298
Sophocles, 185
Antigone, 215
Sophonsiba, 410n37
Sosipater, 126
Spain, 109, 110, 186, 236, 258–60, 265, 270
Sparta, 185, 191, 236
Spartacus, 40, 229, 236, 272, 278, 344
speeches: historical accuracy of, 400n24
before Mithradatic Wars, 142–46, 263–65
to Parthians, 305–6
on victories, 159–62
spies. See intelligence activities
Statira (sister of M), 45, 98–100, 253, 277, 286, 287
storms. See weather
Stothers, Richard, 267–68
Strabo: on Amasia, 79–80
anthropological observations by, 84, 86, 328, 335
on Bacchides, 284
on Caucasus trek, 331, 333–36
geographical observations by, 85
Geography, 4
and Hypsicrates, 366
on Kainon Chorion, 253
on mining, 70
and Mithradatic Wars, 4–5, 45, 178, 289–90
M’s links to, 45
on Persian thought, 46
on Rome, 108
on Sinope, 45
on temples of love, 295
on water-powered mill, 253
Stratonice, 114, 251, 251–53, 277, 284, 316, 330, 339, 343, 417n51
Stratonicea, 157, 163, 228
Strauss, Barry, 229
suicide: attitudes toward/rationales for, 354, 410n37, 418n10
to avoid capture, 247, 410n37
Hannibal’s, 57
M’s, 348, 349
of M’s family/harem, 287, 330, 339, 348, 349
poisons suitable for, 418n4
of the vanquished, 203
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 195, 257
appearance of, 196
Cappadocian conquest of, 136
character of, 195–96
death of, 256, 257
dispatched to avenge massacre, 14, 21, 24, 172
Fimbria’s rivalry with, 223–25
generalship granted to, 165
Greek campaign of, 196–213, 221
as information source for M, 4
Marius’s rivalry with, 111, 112, 132, 165–66, 188, 210
and Peace of Dardanus, 221–23, 225–27
poison legislation by, 242–43
prophecies concerning, 196
Roman bloodshed caused by, 229
rule of Rome by, 188, 196, 229, 236
and Second Mithradatic War, 231–33
tactical skills of, 212
Triumph of, 229
victory monuments erected by, 208–10, 209, 212–13
wealth seized by, 200–201, 204, 228, 229, 249
Summerer, Lâtife, 7
Sun, 46, 262, 305, 320, 328, 362. See also Helios
Sun Citizens. See Citizens of the Sun
Sushruta, 241
swords, 32, 70. See also dagger, M’s; scimitars
sycophants, 126
Syria, 138, 172, 221, 255, 297, 298, 330, 331, 340
Tabae, 157
Tacitus, Cornelius, 4
Talaura, 289, 330
tannin, 240
tasters, 72, 246
tattoos, 20–21, 206
Taurians, 261
taxes: M and, 115, 119, 210, 343, 345
Rome and, 20, 47, 128, 167–68, 171, 255, 292
Taxiles, 191, 205, 208, 261, 270, 289, 298, 304
Telephus, 63, 64
Telmessus, 157, 166
Temple, Jerusalem, 163
Temple of Apollo: Delos, 190
Lycia, 183
Rome, 249
Temple of Artemis, Ephesus, 16–18, 17, 20
Temple of Asclepius: Cos, 163
Delos, 122
Epidaurus, 200
Pergamon, 16, 227
Temple of Athena, Ilium/Troy, 224
Temple of Concord, Tralles, 18
Temple of Isis, Rhodes, 182
Temple of Jupiter, Rome, 35, 249
Temple of Serapis, Delos, 122
Temple of Venus, Rome, 249
Temple of Zeus: Athens (Olympian Zeus), 228
Nysa, 18
Olympia, 200
Pontus (Zeus Stratios), 79
temples, asylum in, 16–18, 171, 275
temples of love, 89–91
in Armenia, 295
in Cappadocia, 231
at Comana Pontica, 90–91, 106, 282, 289
Termessus, 157
terrorism, 22–23, 229
Tet Offensive effect, 236, 405n1
Teutones, 160
Thalestris, 328
Theater of Dionysus, Pergamon, 159, 169, 193–94
Thebes, 191, 196, 208
Themiscrya, 279
Theophanes, 171
Theophilus of Paphlagonia, 18, 45
Theophrastus, 201
Theopompus of Sinope, 53
theriacs, 239–46, 296. See also antidotes
Thermopylae, 57
Theseus, 304
Third Book of the Sibylline Oracles, 35
Third Punic War, 51, 110
Thrace, 118, 261
Tibareni, 279
Tiberius, Emperor, 10, 243
Tigranes II, the Great, 112
as Armenian hero, 381n6
assumption of crown by, 136
characteristics as ruler, 296
coin images of, 31, 301
coins issued by, 387n7
and comets, 30–32
empire of, 31, 138–39, 255–58, 296
M’s alliance with, plate 5, 31, 137–39, 147, 153, 246, 257–58, 278, 280, 289, 293–302, 304–5, 324–25
Pompey’s conquest of, 329–30
size of army of, 298, 411n14
as young hostage, 136
Tigranes IV, 100
Tigranes the Younger, 299–300, 329, 357
Tigranocerta, 138, 256, 258, 297–302, 412n19
Timotheus, 240, 289, 309, 311
tiryaq, 244
tomb mounds. See kurgans
tongue stones, 246–47
Touwaide, Alain, 246
toxicology. See antidotes; poison
traitors, M’s treatment of, 214–18, 220, 345–46, 362
Tralles, 18, 157, 175, 220
Trapezus, 88, 113
Triumphs: Lucullus, 275–76, 284, 309, 314
Marius, 112
Pompey, 312, 328, 351, 357–59
Sulla, 229
Trogus, Pompeius, 4, 4–5, 27, 75–76, 400n24
Trojan War, 92–94, 186
trophies, battle, 208
Troy, 224, 274
Truth, 46–47, 49, 60, 150, 369
Trypho, 343
Tsetskhladze, Gocha, 8
Tullianum, 60, 112
Turkey, 1, 3. See also Anatolia
Turret-Folk, 86, 88, 277, 315, 325
Tyrannio the Grammarian, 45, 250, 411n3
ulcers, facial, 340, 353
United Nations, 21, 23
Vaga, Numidia, 112, 173
Valerius Maximus, 254, 321, 356
Varius, Marcus, 260
, 261, 264, 267, 274–76
Velleius Paterculus, 26, 359
vellum, 92
venom, 57, 70, 101–2, 111, 238–42, 303
Vespers, Asiatic. See massacres
victory monuments, 208–10, 209, 212–13, 311
Vietnam War, 236, 405n1
vinegar, 92
viper. See reptiles; venom
virtual history, 5–6
Voconius, 274, 276
walnuts, 240, 245
war banner comets, 28, 32
war chariots, 49, 127, 148–51, 150, 206
water mills, 2, 253
wealth: M’s, 115–16, 155, 158, 163, 174, 190, 248, 274, 309, 324–25, 330
Pompey’s, 357
of Pontus, 52–53, 115, 279
Sulla’s seizure of, 200–201, 204, 228, 229, 249
weather, 181, 204, 271–74, 276, 308–10, 335
The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy Page 57