56. Andrew Hilen, The Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Volume 4 (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1972), 283–284.
57. Hyslop and Kagan, 207.
58. E. W. Davison and D. Foxx, Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma (Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing, 2007), 74.
59. Frederick M. Holland, Frederick Douglass: The Colored Orator (New York: Haskell House, 1969), 301.
60. Letter, Clara Barton to Steven Barton, May 19, 1861, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
61. T. J. Karamanski, Rally ’Round the Flag: Chicago and the Civil War (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), 64.
62. Jeanie Attie, Patriotic Toil: Northern Women and the American Civil War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 25.
63. Alexander H. Stephens, “Cornerstone Address, March 21, 1861.” From The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events with Documents, Narratives, Illustrative Incidents, Poetry, etc., Volume 1, Frank Moore, ed. (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1862), 44–46.
64. CWIH, 55.
65. William J. Cooper, Jefferson Davis, American (New York: Random House, 2010), 367.
66. Jerry H. Maxwell, The Perfect Lion: The Life and Death of Confederate Artillerist John Pelham (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2011), 61
67. Sarah Morgan Dawson, A Confederate Girl’s Diary (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1913), 32.
68. CWIH, 55.
69. “Battle Hymn of the Republic.”
70. J. T. Scharf, History of Maryland, 1812–1900 (Baltimore: J. B. Piet & Co., 1879), 338.
71. “The Bonnie Blue Flag.”
72. Sam R. Watkins, Company Aytch: or, A Sideshow of the Big Show and Other Sketches (New York: Plume Books, 1999), 29.
73. Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command, Third Volume Abridged (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), 462.
74. John Selby, Stonewall Jackson as Military Commander (New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1968), 28.
75. National Parks Magazine, July–August 2000, 40.
76. John S. D. Eisenhower, Agent of Destiny: The Life and Times of General Winfield Scott (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 372.
77. Iain C. Martin, The Quotable American Civil War (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2008), 88.
78. Guelzo, 205.
79. Dawson, 25.
80. Larry J. Daniel, Shiloh: The Battle That Changed the Civil War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008), 249–250.
81. CWIH, 120.
82. Jean Edward Smith, Grant (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 231.
83. Wayne Mahood, General Wadsworth: The Life and Wars of Brevet General James S. Wadsworth (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2009), 213.
84. Carlton Mabee, Sojourner Truth: Slave, Prophet, Legend (New York: NYU Press, 1995), 173.
85. W. V. Iziar, A Sketch of the War Record of the Edisto Rifles, 1861–1865 (Columbia, SC: The State Company, 1914), 70.
86. Alexander K. McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times (Philadelphia: Times Publishing, 1892), 196.
87. CWIH, 4.
88. Ulysses S. Grant, “The Battle of Shiloh,” 1887. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Volume 1. R. U. Johnson and C. C. Buel, eds. (Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1990), 485–486.
89. Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass: Selected Speeches and Writings (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2000), 601.
90. CWIH, 82–83.
91. Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative, Volume 1 (New York: Vintage Books, 1986), 471.
92. John B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s War Diary at the Confederate States Capital, Volume I (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1866), 318.
93. Joseph Wheelman, Terrible Swift Sword: The Life of Philip H. Sheridan (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2012), 185.
94. Hyslop and Kagan, 179.
95. Louisa May Alcott and Kate Cumming, Blue, Gray, and Red: Two Nurses’ Views of the Civil War (Tucson: Fireship Press, 2008), 16–17.
96. David G. Martin, Gettysburg, July 1 (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), 479.
97. M. J. Cosson, Harriet Tubman (Minneapolis: ABDO Publishing, 2008), 26.
98. John F. Marszalek, Sherman: A Soldier’s Passion for Order (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007), 261.
99. Ronald C. White Jr. A. Lincoln: A Biography (New York: Random House, 2009), 588.
100. Chesnut, Diary, June 9, 1862.
101. Rod Gragg, A Commitment to Valor: A Unique Portrait of Robert E. Lee in His Own Words (Kindle Locations 229–230). Kindle Edition.
102. Alcott and Cumming, 17.
103. William E. Barton, The Life of Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1922), Volume I, 110.
104. Benson Bobrick, Master of War: The Life of General George H. Thomas (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 155.
105. Peter S. Carmichael, The Last Generation: Young Virginians in Peace, War, and Reunion (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 174.
106. Randall Bedwell, Brink of Destruction: A Quotable History of the Civil War (Nashville: Cumberland House Publishing, 1999), 169.
107. Martin, 112.
108. Bruce Levine, Confederate Emancipation: Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves During the Civil War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 81.
109. F. B. Carpenter, The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months at the White House (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995), 282.
110. Selby, 25–26.
111. Jennings Cropper Wise, The Long Arm of Lee: The History of the Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia, Volume 1: Bull Run to Fredericksburg (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), 106.
112. R. A. Baumgartner and L. M. Strayer. Echoes of Battle: The Struggle for Chattanooga: An Illustrated Collection of Union and Confederate Narratives (Huntington, WV: Blue Acorn Press, 1996), 91.
113. The Rebellion Record: A Diary, Volume I, 81.
114. United States War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 38, Part 1 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), 226.
115. Michael Burlingame, An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 54–55.
116. CWIH, 138.
117. Campbell Family Papers, 1860–1886. P 900150. South Carolina Department Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
118. Jean M. Humez, Harriet Tubman: The Life and Life Stories (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006), 183.
119. Emerson’s Journal, January 17, 1862.
120. Alcott and Cumming, 19.
121. James I. Robertson, Soldiers Blue and Gray (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1998), 48.
122. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, The Passing of the Armies: An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1915), 22.
123. Gragg, 44.
124. Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 685.
125. Wendell Phillips, Speeches, Lectures, and Letters (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1872), 553.
126. Edwin S. Redkey, A Grand Army of Black Men: Letters from African-American Soldiers in the Union Army 1861–1865 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 48.
127. Richard Striner, Father Abraham: Lincoln’s Relentless Struggle to End Slavery (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 63.
128. Rose O’Neal Greenhow, My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule in Washington (London: R. Bentley, 1863), 352.
129. Kirby McCord, Cemetery Ridge (Langley, British Columbia: BeWrite Books, 2012). Clara Barton letter to her father, 1861.
130. Lucas E. Morel, Lincoln’s Sacred Effort: Defining Religion’s Role in American Self-Government (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2000), 185.
131
. Martin, 141.
132. Larry G. Eggleston, Women in the Civil War: Extraordinary Stories of Soldiers, Spies, Nurses, Doctors, Crusaders, and Others (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2003), 174.
133. CWIH, 158.
134. Lloyd Lewis, Sherman: Fighting Prophet (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), 360.
135. Bob Blaisdell, The Civil War: A Book of Quotations (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2004), 123.
136. CWIH, 322.
137. Guelzo, 236.
138. Timothy T. Isbell, Shiloh and Corinth: Sentinels of Stone (Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2007), xiv.
139. CWIH, 144.
140. The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, Volume II, 479.
141. J. William Jones, Christ in Camp: or, Religion in Lee’s Army (Richmond, VA: B. F. Johnson & Co., 1887), 170.
142. Lawrence Lee Hewitt, Lee and His Generals: Essays in Honor of T. Harry Williams (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2012), 186.
143. Spencer C. Tucker, The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010), 422. Also quoted as “Damn the torpedoes! Full steam ahead!”
144. Thaddeus Stevens, The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens, Beverly Wilson Palmer and Holly Byers Ochoa, eds. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997), 322.
145. Tully McCrea and Sara Isabelle McCrea, Dear Belle: Letters from a Cadet and Officer to His Sweetheart, 1858–1865 (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1965), 156.
146. Marszalek, 477.
147. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 809.
148. G. B. McClellan, The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence 1860–1865 (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 1992), 288.
149. Rufus R. Dawes and Alan T. Nolan, A Full Blown Yankee of the Iron Brigade: Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1890), 90.
150. Bedwell, 104.
151. Martin, 66.
152. Donald J. Meyers, And the War Came: The Slavery Quarrel and the American Civil War (New York: Algora Publishing, 2005), 133–134.
153. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Volume 1, 479.
154. Charles Edmond Vetter, Sherman: Merchant of Terror, Advocate of Peace (Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing, 1992), 123.
155. Walter F. Beyer, Deeds of Valor: How America’s Heroes Won the Medal of Honor (Detroit: Perrien-Keydel Company, 1901), 84.
156. Alexander Hunter, Johnny Reb and Billy Yank (New York: Neale Publishing, 1905), 316.
157. Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), 665.
158. CWIH, 147.
159. Frank Wilkeson, Recollections of a Private Soldier in the Army of the Potomac (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1887), 83.
160. Edward G. Longacre, The Man Behind the Guns: A Military Biography of General Henry J. Hunt, Commander of Artillery, Army of the Potomac (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), 116.
161. Bedwell, 88.
162. CWIH, 224.
163. R. B. Browne and L. A. Kreiser Jr., The Civil War and Reconstruction (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003), 10–11.
164. LaSalle Corbell Pickett, Pickett and His Men (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1913), 224–225.
165. Hart, 303.
166. Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1868), 97.
167. Mary Boykin Miller Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, C. Vann Woodward, ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981), 696.
168. Douglas Southall Freeman, R. E. Lee, Volume II (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1934), 262.
169. Guelzo, 274.
170. Bell Irvin Wiley, The Life of Billy Yank: The Common Soldier of the Union (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2008), 161.
171. Chesnut, Diary, 157.
172. William T. Sherman, The Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman (Fairford, Gloucestershire: Echo Library, 2006), 320.
173. Guelzo, 270.
174. Bedwell, 126.
175. CWIH, 96.
176. Foote, Volume III, 203.
177. Gilbert Adams Hays, Under the Red Patch: Story of the Sixty-Third Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861–1864 (Pittsburgh: Sixty-Third Pennsylvania Volunteers Regimental Association, 1908), 240–241.
178. Daniel W. Barefoot, Let Us Die Like Brave Men: Behind the Dying Words of Confederate Warriors (Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair, Publisher, 2005), 181.
179. Wilkeson, 175.
180. Bedwell, 228.
181. William Marvel, Lee’s Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 128.
182. CWIH, 41.
183. Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, Volume 1 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1881), 518.
184. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 711.
185. L. L. Hewitt and A. W. Bergeron Jr., Confederate Generals in the Western Theater, Volume 1 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2010), 246.
186. CWIH, 360.
187. Mary Anna Jackson, Life and Letters of General Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1892), 471.
188. Maxwell, 61.
189. The Rebellion Record: A Diary, Volume VII, 17.
190. Wilkeson, 206–207.
191. Noah Andre Trudeau, Southern Storm: Sherman’s March to the Sea (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009), 459.
192. Matthew Pinsker, Lincoln’s Sanctuary: Abraham Lincoln and the Soldier’s Home (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), vii.
193. Chesnut and Van Woodward, 694.
194. Abraham Lincoln Association, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Volume 4, Roy P. Basler, Marion Dolores Pratt, and Lloyd A. Dunlap, eds. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 519.
195. Marszalek, 303.
196. John G. Barrett, The Civil War in North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 379.
197. Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 713.
198. Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Writings of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Volume IV (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1896), 290.
199. Foote, Volume III, 913.
200. Chesnut, Diary, April 7, 1865.
201. Telegram from President Abraham Lincoln to General Ulysses S. Grant, April 7, 1865.
202. Edward Lee Childe, Life and Campaigns of General Lee (London: Chatto and Windus, 1875), 318.
203. C. B. Flood, Grant’s Final Victory: Ulysses S. Grant’s Heroic Last Year (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2012), 155.
204. A. Noel Blakeman, Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion, MOLLUS, Third Series (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907), 272.
205. United States War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 46, Part III (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), 663.
206. CWIH, 380.
207. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 850.
208. Martin, 209.
209. Charles Francis Adams, Lee at Appomattox: And Other Papers (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1902), 11.
210. James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1908), 190.
211. Chamberlain, 260.
212. John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1904), 444.
213. CWIH, 394.
214. Gordon, 444.
215. William C. Edwards and Edward Steers Jr. The Lincoln Assassination: The Evidence (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 1014.
216. Thomas Reed Turner, Beware the People Weeping: Public Opinion and the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1991), 63.
217. Chamberlain, 280.
218. CWIH, 364.
219. Waldo W. Braden, Building the Myth: Selected Speeches Memorializing Abraham Lincoln (Champaign: University of Illinois, 1990), 99.
220. Chesnut, Diary, 522.
221. Walt Whitman, Complete Prose Works (Philadelphia: David McKay Publications, 1891), 314.
222. Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2002), 34.
223. Chamberlain, 271.
224. Davison and Foxx, 405.
225. Watkins, 199.
226. C. B. Flood, Lee: The Last Years (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1998), 152.
227. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which passed the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865.
228. Humez, 183.
229. Chamberlain, 265.
230. A. C. Parker, The Life of General Ely S. Parker: Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant’s Military Secretary (Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Society, 1919), 133.
231. Ulysses S. Grant, The Civil War Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant, Brian M. Thomsen, ed. (Forge Books, 2002), 473.
232. http://jeffersondavis.rice.edu/
233. Basler, Volume 4, 263.
234. Basler, Volume 7, 23.
235. Basler, Volume 8, 333.
236. Jay Winik, April 1865: The Month That Saved America (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006), 186–187.
237. Winik, 194.
About the Editor
Gordon Leidner has been a lifelong student of the American Civil War. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Abraham Lincoln Institute and maintains the popular history website www.greatamericanhistory.net. Through the Great American History website, he has provided numerous articles and free educational material about the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, and the American Revolution since 1996. Leidner lives near Annapolis, Maryland, with Jean, his wife of thirty-five years.
If you have enjoyed this book, please consider Abraham Lincoln: Quotes, Quips, and Speeches and The Founding Fathers: Quotes, Quips, and Speeches, also by Gordon Leidner.
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