by Philip Dray
[>] For Pinchback, one last tenet of a cherished era collapsed: Fischer, "A Pioneer Protest: The New Orleans Street Car Controversy of 1867," Journal of Negro History.
"In doing all this, my grandfather": Toomer, p. 26.
[>] "Negro Who Held State Office": New Orleans Daily Picayune, Dec. 22, 1921.
"Why does not Mr. Lynch write a magazine article": James Ford Rhodes to George A. Myers, Apr. 5, 1917, in Myers, pp. 42–43.
"I regret to say that, so far as the Reconstruction period": Lynch, "Some Historical Errors of James Ford Rhodes," Journal of Negro History.
[>] "I think one of your mistakes was made": George A. Myers to James Ford Rhodes, Nov. 21, 1917, in Myers, pp. 73–74.
To Bowers, a veteran author: Bowers's far more nefarious literary predecessor was Thomas Dixon, the author of novels that vilified Reconstruction while glorifying the role of the Klan. Dixon's novels served as the basis for D. W. Griffith's landmark film Birth of a Nation, released in 1915 to thunderous acclaim but also to complaints and protests from civil rights organizations that it grossly misrepresented the era's history. For a discussion of that controversy, see Dray, pp. 190–207. For John Roy Lynch's post-Reconstruction writings and career, see John Hope Franklin's introduction to Reminiscences of an Active Life: The Autobiography of John Roy Lynch.
While Lynch had the satisfaction: Lynch's efforts to challenge the prevailing myths surrounding Reconstruction were joined in 1935 with the publication of W.E.B. Du Bois's Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880, a major study that offered the first comprehensive account of black Americans' enormous role in the social, political, economic, and philosophical life of the period. Du Bois's book did not reverse single-handedly the trend of Reconstruction historiography, although historians have long considered it seminal. Because the changes in how Reconstruction is viewed have been so dramatic, there has been extensive writing on the historiography itself. See "Reconstruction Revisited" by Eric Foner in Reviews in American History, vol. 10, Dec. 1982.
[>] "It can very safely be said that South Carolina": New York Times, June 22, 1874.
The land commission had bought: Williamson, p. 155; Foner, Forever Free, p. 81.
[>] "Seven men of color had a dream": "Oh Town of Lincolnville" by Frank Dunn, in Lincolnville subject file, South Carolina Room, Charleston Public Library.
[>] "Those we talked to were devoid": Bleser, pp. 153–54.
"The genius of this kind of farming": Botsch, p. 79.
[>] "These sea islands are the homes": New York Times, Sept. 2, 1893.
"One of the surprising results of the Reconstruction Period": Washington, The Story of the Negro, vol. 2, pp. 22–23; in Uya, p. 164.
[>] Invariably, the children reported to their parents: Savannah Tribune, Mar. 6, 1915; Uya, p. 162. Smalls died on February 22, 1915, and was buried next to the A.M.E. church on Craven Street. His funeral, enlivened by the music of Allen's Brass Band, which had often accompanied him on his political campaigns, was said to be the largest ever held in Beaufort.
* * *
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