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The Fix: Soccer and Organized Crime

Page 40

by Declan Hill


  Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.

  Pycroft, James. The Cricket Field. (1851). London: St. James’s Press, 1922.

  Quirk, James and Rodney D. Foot. Hard Ball: The Abuse of Power in Pro-Team Sports. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1999.

  Rae, Simon. It’s Not Cricket: A History of Skulduggery, Sharp Practice and Downright Cheating in the Noble Game. London: Faber and Faber, 2002.

  Rodrigue, Ernesto. Jogo Duro, a História de João Havelange. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 2007.

  Russo, Gus. The Outfit: The Role of Chicago’s Underworld in the Shaping of Modern America. Third ed. London: Bloomsbury, 2004.

  Salgado, Carolina, and Maria Fernanda Freitas. Eu, Carolina – A História Verdadeira. Fourteenth ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 2006.

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  Seneviratne, Percy. History of Football in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: PNS, 2000.

  Sharpe, Graham. Free the Manchester United One: The Inside Story of Football’s Greatest Scam. London: Robson Books, 1993.

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  ——. The Book of Bizarre Football: Freaky Forwards, Strange Strikers, Dodgy Defenders and Other Soccer Sensations. London: Robson Books, 2000.

  Short, Anthony. The Communist Insurrection in Malaya: 1948–1960. London: Frederick Muller Limited, 1975.

  Smit, Barbara. Pitch Invasion, Three Stripes, Two Brothers, One Feud: Adidas, Puma and the Making of Modern Sport. London: Penguin, 2007.

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  St. John, Ian. The Saint: My Autobiography. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2006.

  Stille, Alexander. Excellent Cadavers: The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic. London: Jonathan Cape, 1996.

  Stott, Richard. Dogs and Lampposts. London: Metro Publishing, 2002.

  Sugden, Alan, and John Tomlinson. Badfellas: FIFA Family at War. London: Mainstream Sport Publishing, 2003.

  ——. FIFA and the Contest for World Football: Who Rules the People’s Game? Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998.

  ——. Great Balls of Fire: How Big Money Is Hijacking World Football. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1999.

  ——. Power Games: A Critical Sociology of Sport. London: Routledge, 2002.

  Swan, Peter with Nick Johnson. Peter Swan: Setting the Record Straight. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Stadia, 2006.

  Szymanski, Stefan and Tim Kuypers. Winners and Losers: The Business Strategy of Football. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1999.

  Tsuji, Masanobu. Singapore 1941–1942: The Japanese Version of the Malayan Campaign of World War II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

  Taylor, Chris. The Beautiful Game: A Journey through Latin American Football. London: Phoenix Books, 1998.

  Thomas, David. Foul Play: The Inside Story of the Biggest Corruption Trial in British Sporting History. London: Bantam, 2003.

  Vamplew, Wray. Pay Up and Play the Game: Professional Sport in Britain, 1875–1914.

  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

  Van Laeken, Frank. Blunderboek Van Het Belgisch Voetball. Trans. Kess t’Hooft and Stefan De Wachter. Brussels: Icarus, 1997.

  Waldron, Arthur. The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth. Cambridge: Canto, 1992.

  Warren, Alan. Singapore 1942: Britain’s Greatest Defeat. London: Hambledon and London, 2002.

  Westcott, Chris. Joker in the Pack: The Ernie Hunt Story. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing, 2004.

  Whelan, David C. Organized Crime, Sports Gambling, and Role Conflict: Victimization and Point-Shaving in College Basketball. New York: Unpublished Ph.D thesis, City University, 1992.

  Whyte, Willian Foote. Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum. Fourth ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

  Weiland, Matt, and Sean Wilsey, eds. The Thinking Fan’s Guide to the World Cup. London: Abacus, 2006.

  Wigglesworth, Neil. The Social History of English Rowing. London: Frank Cass, 1992.

  Williams, Russ. Football Babylon. London: Virgin, 1996.

  ——. Football Babylon 2. London: Virgin, 1998.

  Wilson, Johnathan. Behind the Curtain: Travels in Eastern European Football. London: Orion Publishing, 2006.

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  COURT CASES

  Chan Wing Seng vs. Public Prosecutor, Singapore Law Reports [1997]. Singapore High Court, Magistrate’s Appeal, 1997.

  Cheong Ah Cheow vs. Public Prosecutor A. Cr. J. (Chan J.). Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory Criminal Appeal, 1985.

  Grobbelaar vs. News Group Newspapers Ltd. Judge Simon Brown. U.K. Court of Appeal, 2001.

  Grobbelaar vs. News Group Newspapers Ltd and Another. Lord Bingham of Cornhill, Lord Steyn, Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough, Lord Millett, and Lord Scott of Foscote. U.K. House of Lords, 2002.

  Kannan S/O Kunjiraman & Anor vs. Public Prosecutor. Magistrate’s Appeal 96/95/01–02. Singapore High Court, 1995.

  Kannan S/O Kunjiraman vs. Public Prosecutor. Singapore Law Report 3 SLR Cheung Phei Chiet, 1995.

  Mastercard International Incorporated vs. Federation Internationale De Football Association, Judge Loretta A. Preska Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. United States District Court Southern District of New York, 2006.

  Manap Bin Hamat and Anor vs. Public Prosecutor. Singapore Surbordinate Court, 1997.

  Mathan Jagannathan, et al. vs. Public Prosecutor. Singapore High Court, 1996.

  Ong, et al. vs. Public Prosecutor. Singapore Subordinate Court, 1994.

  Ong Smith Bernal vs. R. U.K. Court of Appeal, (Criminal Division) 2000.

  Rajamanickam Thirujnanasammathan vs. Public Prosecutor. Singapore Subordinate Courts, 1994.

  Rajendran S/O Kurusamy & Ors vs. Public Prosecutor. Magistrate’s Appeal. Singapore High Court, Nos 237/97/01–05, 1998.

  Teo Tiang Hoe vs. Public Prosecutor. Criminal Case no 8, 1995 Rubin, J. High Court of the Republic of Singapore, 1995.

  Testo Della Decisione Relativa Al Commm. Uff. N1/C Riunione Del 29 Giugno, 3–7 Luglio 2007. Prcoura Federale Della F.I.G.C. Rome: Italian Football Federation, 2006. 54. 1 vols.

  United States of America vs. Alimzhan Tokhtakhtunov Aka Taiwanchuk. Southern District of New York, 2002.

  United States of America vs. Vyacheslav Kiriovich Ivankov. United States District Court. Eastern District of New York (Brooklyn), 1997.

  United States of America vs. Neteller PLC. United States District Court. Southern District of New York, 2007.

  Zainal, Mohamed, Mohamed Ali, and Ali Lomri, – Disciplinary Hearing. no 1–3/2003, p. 6. Disciplinary Committee, Football Association of Singapore, 2003.

  FILMS AND TV PROGRAMS

  Docherty, Neil, and Linden McIntyre. “Mafia Power Play.” PBS Frontline. Boston. October 12, 1999.

  Ford, Trevor. Trevor Ford in Conversation with Ron Jones. Rec. November 3, 2000. Wales Video Archives, in conjunction with the National Library of Wales, Cardiff, 2000.

  Kerner, Johannes B. “Interview with Robert Hoyzer.” ZDF – Kulissen, Germany. February 9, 2005.

  McKeown, Bob. “The Fix Is In.” The Fifth Estate. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Toronto. 1989.

  Rocksen, Andreas, and Soren Steen Jespersen. “Dream Catchers.” The Beautiful Game. TV 2 Danish Television, Denmark-Sweden co-production. June 2004.

  Sayles, John. Eight Men Out. Orion Pictures Distributor, USA. 1988.

  Van den Abeele, Chris, Eric Dupain, Wim Straemans, Tom van de Weghe, and Kris Dechamps. “Tackling the Mafia.” Panorama. Brussels. VRT Belgium. 5 February, 2006.

&
nbsp; JOURNAL AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES

  Blair, Dale James. “Did the Dons Play Dead.” Australian SSH. June 30, 1999. 3–15.

  Boles, J. and A.P. Garbin. “The Strip Club and Customer-Stripper Patterns of Interaction.” Sociology and Social Research. 58 (1984): 136–44.

  “ ‘Brise de Mer,’ Grand Banditisme, Milieu du Football Politique et la Mort de Dominique Rutily.” L’investigateur (Paris), 2001. Available at www.investigateur.info/affaires/corse/articles/rutily.html.

  Dasgupta, Partha. “Trust as a Commodity.” Trust: Making and Breaking Co-operative Relations. Ed. Diego Gambetta. Electronic ed. Oxford: Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, 2000. 49–72.

  De Souza, Roberto Pereira. “Joao Havelange: O Poderoso Chefao.” Playboy Brazil. May 1994. 124–141.

  Duke, V. “Perestroika in Progress? The Case of Spectator Sports in Czechoslovakia.” British Journal of Sociology. 41 (1990): 41: 145–56.

  Enck, G.E. and J.D. Preston. “Counterfeit Intimacy: A Dramaturgical Analysis of an Erotic Performance.” Deviant Behavior. Vol. 9:4 (1988): 369–81.

  Levitt, M. and S. Duggan. “Winning Isn’t Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling.” American Economic Review. 92:5 (2002): 594–605.

  Levitt, Steven D. “How Do Markets Function? An Empricial Analysis of Gambling on the National Football League.” National Bureau of Economics working paper, available at www.nber.org/papers/w9422 (2002).

  Lile, Emma. “Professional Pedestrianism in South Wales During the Nineteenth Century.” The Sports Historian (became Sport in History in 2003). No. 2 (2000): 94–105.

  Meyer, Gerhard, et al. “Neuroendocrine response to casino gambling in problem gamblers.” Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29 (2004). 1272–80.

  Moul, Charles C., and John V. Nye. “Did the Soviets Collude? A Statistical Analysis of Championship Chess 1940–64.” (2006). Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/so13/papers_cfm?abstract_id=905612.

  Nti, Kofi O. “Comparative Statics of Contests and Rent-Seeking Games.” International Economic Review. 38.1 (1997): 43–59.

  Preston, Ian, and Stefan Szymanski. “Cheating in Contests.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 19:4 (2003). 612–624.

  Riordan, Jim. “Playing to New Rules: Soviet Sport and Perestroika.” Soviet Studies. 42.1 (January 1990): 133–45.

  Rizek, André, and Thais Oyama. “A Máfia Do Apito.” Veja. September 28, 2005: 72–80.

  Salutin, M. “Stripper Morality.” Transitions. 8 (1971): 12–22.

  Shinohara, K., et al, “Physiological Changes in Pachinko Players; Beta-endorphin, Catecholamines, Immune System Substances, and Heart Rate.” Applied Human Science – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 18:2 (1999): 37–42.

  Skipper, James K., and Charles McCaghy. “Stripteasers: The Anatomy and Career Contingencies of a Deviant Occupation.” Social Problems. 17 (1970): 391–405.

  Taylor, Beck, and J. Trogdon. “Losing to Win: Tournament Incentives in the National Basketball Association.” Journal of Labour Economics. 20.1 (2002).

  Thompson, William E., and Jackie L. Harred. “Topless Dancers: Managing Stigma in a Deviant Occupation.” Deviant Behavior. 13 (1992): 291–311.

  Wolfers, Justin. “Exposing Cheating and Corruption: Point Shaving in Basketball.” AEA Papers and Proceedings. 96:2 (2006): 279–83.

  Wonders, Nancy A., and Raymond Michalowski. “Bodies, Borders, and Sex Tourism in a Globalized World: A Tale of Two Cities – Amsterdam and Havana.” Social Problems. 48:4 (2001): 545–71.

  NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

  For background, I used articles from newspapers and wire services in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Poland, Russia, Scotland, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the United States, and Vietnam. For brevity’s sake, I have listed only the articles that were used directly, in the Notes section.

  REPORTS

  Bruckert, Chris, Colette Parent, and Pascale Robitaille. Erotic Service, Erotic Dance Establishments: Two Types of Marginalized Labour. Ottawa: Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa, 2003.

  Condon QPM, Sir Paul. Report on Corruption in International Cricket. London: International Cricket Council, 2001.

  Cronje, Hansie. “Hansie Cronje’s Statement before the Edwin King Commission of Inquiry into Cricket Match-Fixing and Related Matters, Capetown, South Africa, June 2000.” Audio and video www.rediff.com/cricket/betting.htm.

  Dowd, John M. Report to the Commissioner, In the Matter of Peter Edward Rose, Manager Cincinnati Reds Baseball Club. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball. May 9, 1989.

  Fassotte, Laurent, appearing before the Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football Association Commission d’Enquête. March 8, 2006.

  Hussock, Howard. Soccer Betting in Hong Kong: A Challenge for Home Affairs. Boston: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government Affairs, 2002.

  Institut de Criminologie de Paris Département de Recherche sur les Menaces Criminelles Contemporaines. Tapie, Courbis, Filippedu, le Belge, mafia(s), foot, argent sale et coups tordus. Paris: Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), 2005.

  Kenya National Association of Social Workers. Rapid Assessment on Mathare Slum Clashes. UN Habitat. January 2, 2007.

  King, Judge El. Commission of Inquiry into Cricket Match-fixing and Related Matters, 2nd Interim Report. Cape Town, South Africa: Republic of South Africa, 2000.

  Mony, Paul Samuel. M League: A Brief Outline and Report 1998. Kuala Lumpur: Football Association of Malaysia, 1998.

  Prosecutors Report. Hoyzer Case. Berlin: Staatsanwaltschaft Berlin, 2005.

  Qayyun, M.M. Reports of the Judicial Commission. Lahore: Pakistan Cricket Board, 1998.

  Smith, Sir John. Game at Risk. London: English Football Association, 1997.

  Supdt, Sd/– M.A. Ganapathy. Report on Cricket Match-Fixing and Related Malpractices. New Delhi: CBI Special Crimes Branch – Central Bureau of Investigation, 2000.

  Touche, Deloitte. The Investors’ Guide to European Football 2000. London, 2000.

  United States Senate. Hearings before the Permanent sub-committee on investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs. The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime. Washington, DC: United States Senate, 1992.

  United States Senate. Permanent sub-committee investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs. The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime. Washington, DC: United States Senate, 1992.

  Copyright © 2008 by Declan Hill

  Cloth edition published 2008

  Paperback edition published 2010

  All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written consent of the publisher-or, in case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency-is an infringement of the copyright law.

  Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

  Hill, Declan

  The fix : soccer and organized crime / Declan Hill.

  eISBN: 978-1-55199-249-5

  1. Soccer-Corrupt practices. 2. Organized crime. I. Title.

  GV943.H45 2010 796.334 C2009-905218-0

  We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program and that of the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Media Development Corporation’s Ontario Book Initiative. We further acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program.

  Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935656

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