249 “Trust nothing has happened”: Ibid., February 21, 1913.
249 “remains in my memory”: Davis, High Latitude, 219.
250 “From then on until morning”: Ibid.
250 “We are too late in the season”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 62–63.
250 “The [pack] ice is nearly”: Ibid., 64.
250 “It was much better”: Ibid., 65.
250 Ensconced inside the Grottoes: Butler, Quest, 152.
251 “As the ship came alongside”: Ibid.
251 “But instead of the elation”: Harrisson, diary, February 23, 1913.
251 “Wild hailed & asked”: Ibid.
251 “At the foot of the barrier”: Laseron, “South with Mawson,” 152–53.
251 But the Western Base party: Butler, Quest, 152.
252 For Davis, there was no possibility: Davis, High Latitude, 222.
252 “It seems like a dream”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 66.
252 Among all the scientific specimens: Butler, Quest, 157.
252 “Hope for the Aurora’s return”: McLean, diary, March 4, 1913.
253 “Last night quite a budget”: Ibid., March 9, 1913.
253 Basking in his triumph: Ibid., March 13 and 16, 1913.
253 Upon learning via radio: Ainsworth, narrative, quoted in HOB, 389–90.
253 “DEEPLY REGRET DELAY”: Flannery, This Everlasting Silence, 53–54.
254 “Covering Hut and fitting store”: MAD, 175, 183.
254 “there still remained useful work”: HOB, 315.
254 Bob Bage was put in charge: Ibid., 315–16.
255 Mawson tacitly acknowledged: Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 113.
255 “The hut was not so cold”: Frank Bickerton, “Australian Antarctic Expedition,” quoted ibid., 113.
255 “DM and AM”: McLean, diary, March 19, 1913.
255 “Last penguins have gone north”: Ibid., March 29 and April 21, 1913.
255 “ ‘Scott reached the Pole’ ”: MAD, 183.
256 “Wireless hears Macquarie”: Ibid., 184.
256 “Jeffryes would sometimes spend”: HOB, 318.
256 “I find my nerves”: MAD, 185.
256 “Reading is a great solace”: Ibid., April 6, 1913.
256 “There was a fine supply”: HOB, 319–20.
256 “Bickerton once started out”: Ibid., 320.
257 “On May 23 Lassie”: Ibid., 322.
257 “the assessments of Mawson”: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 352–53.
257 “Cecil’s gloom deepened”: D. Madigan, Vixere Fortes, 289.
258 “there are no criticisms of Mawson”: Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 120.
258 “Jeffryes sat in the batter pudding”: MAD, 187.
259 “Wireless good”: Ibid., 188.
259 “Wireless last few days”: Ibid., 190.
259 The men had been dreading: HOB, 322.
259 “On evening of 26th”: MAD, 191.
259 “Tonight Jeffryes goes to bed”: Ibid., 192.
260 On June 8, what all the men feared: Ibid., 193.
260 “Last night Jeffryes at the table”: Ibid., 196.
261 “Jeffryes confides in Bage”: Ibid.
261 “Jeffryes has been on night watch”: Ibid.
261 “Last night Jeffryes spoke”: Ibid., 196–97.
262 “Jeffryes came to me”: Ibid., 197.
262 On the same day, Madigan discovered: Ibid.
262 “Jeffryes continues to be a trouble”: Ibid., 198.
262 Chiefly the brainchild of Mawson and McLean: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 354–55.
263 expeditions producing periodicals: Leane and Pharaoh, Introduction, The Adelie Blizzard, xi.
263 The deadline for articles: Ibid., xii–xiii.
263 “Madigan showed little enthusiasm”: Ibid., xiii.
263 “Registered at the General Plateau”: Ibid., n.p.
264 “Could we but greet thee”: Ibid., n.p.
264 “This somewhat lugubrious title”: Ibid., [1].
264 “How they go down at heels”: Ibid., 10.
265 “An explorer’s life is the life for me”: Ibid., [2].
265 “Mining in the vicinity”: Ibid., 213.
265 “A championship is”: Ibid., 101.
266 “A is Antarctic”: Ibid., 75.
266 “The most obvious was the alleviation”: Ibid., xiv–xv.
267 “glad there’s no more to be done!”: McLean, diary, October 25, 1913, quoted ibid., xiv.
267 A favorite pastime was racing down: McLean, diary, August 20, 1913, quoted in Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 120.
267 The men also played football: Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 120–21.
267 “like a new kind of drink”: McLean, diary, September 9, 1913, quoted ibid., 121.
268 During the entire month of July: MAD, 199.
268 “I must say I felt very lonely”: McLean, diary, June 4 and 5, 1913.
268 “I spoke to him sharply”: MAD, 198.
268 “He seems to have no interest”: Ibid., 199.
268 “At ten to 1 pm Jeffryes appeared”: Ibid., 201.
268 “Sir, You have been”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, July 13, 1913.
269 “I am to be done to death”: Sidney Jeffryes to Norma Jeffryes, July 13, 1913.
269 “I did not come down here to foment trouble”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, July 19, 1913.
269 “It is curiously logical”: MAD, 198.
269 “overjoyed to find”: McLean, diary, July 20, 1913.
270 “I had intended to cook”: MAD, 198.
270 “Jeffryes helpless in this”: Ibid.
270 “I am now reluctantly obliged”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, July 27, 1913.
270 “pointed out the impossibility”: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 359.
270 “What I desire is that”: Douglas Mawson, handwritten speech, July 28, 1913, quoted ibid., 359.
270 “instantly got up”: MAD, 199.
270 “Jeffryes makes no attempt”: Ibid.
271 “I deeply regret having made”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, July 30, 1913.
271 Yet the delusions: Sharon Roberts, personal communication, February 13, 2013.
271 “I appear to be suffering”: MAD, 199.
271 Although he had gotten word: D. Madigan, Vixere Fortes, 294.
272 “He went through many stages”: Ibid., 292.
272 “Jeffryes avoided Cecil”: Ibid., 296.
272 “walking up and down”: Ibid., 297.
273 “ ‘Would you swear on the Bible’ ”: Stella Benson, diary, April 23, 1928, quoted in Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 117.
273 “To Bickerton is due”: MAD, 200.
273 The news from Australia: Ibid., 200.
274 Wild had returned to his native England: Butler, Quest, 159.
274 Only weeks after returning: Ibid., 160.
274 In August 1913 at Cape Denison: MAD, 200.
274 “He does nothing now”: Ibid., 200–1.
275 “No sane man”: Ibid., 201.
275 “8/am Called Mq I”: AAE wireless log, August 31, 1913.
276 “At midnight press”: MAD, 203.
276 “Before dinner Jeffryes came”: Ibid., 204.
276 “Jeffryes is quite off”: Ibid.
277 “A new month”: McLean, diary, September 1, 1913.
277 “100 days to ship’s arrival!”: MAD, 204.
277 “This evening Jeffryes sending”: Ibid.
277 Unable to bear Jeffryes’s impertinence: Ibid., 204–5.
277 “wished all wireless to cease”: Ibid., 205.
278 On the 9th, Jeffryes simply sat: Ibid.
278 The radio log for early September: AAE wireless log, September 1–8, 1913.
278 “Red granites”: MAD, 206.
278 On September 14, Mawson relieved Jeffryes: Ibid., 207.
278 Two days before, Mawson had typed: Douglas Mawson to Sidney Jeffryes, September 12, 1913.
278 “Does no
t even empty rears”: MAD, 207.
279 “for 3 months [have] diligently”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, September 21, 1913.
279 “He states that”: MAD, 209.
279 “He speaks moderately rationally”: Ibid.
279 On September 19, McLean made: Ibid., 208.
280 “First one to bring a penguin”: McLean, diary, October 12, 1913.
280 “Jeffryes seems better today”: MAD, 210–11.
280 It was not until October 4: Douglas Mawson to Sidney Jeffryes, October 4. 1913.
280 “This place is awful!”: McLean, diary, November 20, 1913, quoted in Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 121.
281 Out on a walk on the 17th: MAD, 214.
281 “As the end of the year approached”: D. Madigan, Vixere Fortes, 301, 303.
281 On leaving Commonwealth Bay: Ibid., 301–2.
281 On October 31, the men were thrilled: HOB, 330.
281 Mawson’s diary for most of the month: MAD, 216–17.
281 “Jeffryes appears to think”: Ibid., 217.
281 On November 15, Bickerton picked up: Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 121.
282 In actuality, the Aurora did not: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 70–72.
282 Mawson had decided: HOB, 331.
282 “Do not hesitate to put him”: Douglas Mawson to Bob Bage, November 19, 1913.
282 Intending to start on November 16: MAD, 217.
282 “At 4:15 camped”: Ibid., 219.
282 With the dogs pulling well: Ibid., 220.
282 On November 28, five days out: HOB, 331.
283 But on December 2, snow started falling: MAD, 222.
283 “Good weather”: McLean, diary, November 28, 1913.
283 On December 2, Bickerton, the compulsive: Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 121.
283 “Nothing visible”: MAD, 225.
284 “Descending the long blue slopes”: HOB, 331–32.
284 Dashing down the last thousand feet: Ibid., 332.
284 “Just as most of us were dozing”: Ibid.
284 “As I shook [Mawson’s] hand”: Davis, High Latitude, 229.
285 “The two long years were over”: HOB, 333.
285 Bickerton’s last project on land: Haddelsey, Born Adventurer, 122.
285 “Erected to commemorate”: http://www.mawsonshuts.aq/national-heritage/physical-remains/memorial.html.
285 “solid enough to last”: HOB, 330.
285 Over the decades since 1913: http://www.mawsonshuts.aq/national-heritage/physical-remains/memorial.html.
EPILOGUE
286 “As it was being converted”: HOB, 404.
287 “We had a fortunate escape”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 81.
287 “Blowing fresh all day”: MAD, 227.
287 “This work is very trying”: Ibid., 244.
287 “The party are all anxious”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 95.
287 “The welcome home”: HOB, 416.
287 A small coterie of friends: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 384–85.
288 “It is hard to describe”: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 102–3.
288 “Douglas Mawson has returned”: Ibid., 103.
288 At the first meeting, a messenger: HOB, 417.
288 “Douglas dictated a long message”: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 103.
288 “Mawson was born to be a leader”: Ernest Shackleton, “The Man and His Journey,” quoted in MAD, 247–48.
289 Only five months later, on August 1: Huntford, Shackleton, 377.
289 The evening before the wedding: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 104–5.
291 Mawson put him on a train: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 388–89.
291 “I left Sydney”: Sidney Jeffryes to Miss Eckford, July 14, [1914].
292 Poor Jeffryes would spend: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 416.
293 “It is now clear to me”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, March 13, 1915.
293 “I have told you”: Sidney Jeffryes to Douglas Mawson, June 6, 1915.
293 “Mr. Jeffryes is very delusional”: [signature illegible] to Douglas Mawson, September 17, 1915.
294 In 2010, the Australian Antarctic Division: http://www.antarctica.gov.au/media/news/2010/australian-antarctic-glaciers-named.
294 “Ah, but is it not”: Douglas Mawson to Kathleen Scott, n.d..
294 “Besides,” she wittily appended: Kathleen Scott to Douglas Mawson, March 8, [1915].
295 “My dear Douglas”: Kathleen Scott to Douglas Mawson, April, 1920.
295 Some have speculated: Mark Pharaoh, personal communication, July 2011.
295 she was conducting an affair: Huntford, Scott and Amundsen, 545–46.
295 Paquita did not like Kathleen: Ayres, Mawson, 104.
295 “Shackleton has been lecturing”: Kathleen Scott to Douglas Mawson, April, 1920.
295 Less than two years later, on South Georgia: Huntford, Shackleton, 690.
295 On June 9, 1914, Mawson spoke: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 108.
296 “of the dreadful tragedy”: Belgrave Ninnis, senior, to Douglas Mawson, August 29, 1913.
296 “It was absolutely unexpected”: Douglas Mawson to Belgrave Ninnis, senior, March 17, 1914.
296 “had early been cut to pieces”: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 107.
297 “You will note that”: Douglas Mawson to Herr Mertz, July 8, 1914.
297 the original diary has somehow been lost: Mark Pharaoh, personal communication, July 2011.
297 “They were very kind”: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 117.
297 He had been absent: Ayres, Mawson, 104–5.
297 Bob Bage, the quiet: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 401–2.
297 Cecil Madigan spent: Ibid., 413; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Madigan.
298 “I had some close shaves”: Cecil Madigan to Douglas Mawson, December 18, 1915.
298 Archibald McLean, whose collaborative: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 406–7.
298 “Poor old ‘Dad’ McLean”: John Hunter to Douglas Mawson, n.d.
298 “I have been itching”: Douglas Mawson to Eric Webb, August 16, [1915].
298 Mawson eventually found employment: Ayres, Mawson, 115, 122.
298 One other member of the AAE: Rossiter, Mawson’s Forgotten Men, xviii–xix.
299 From shipboard, Shackleton telegraphed: Huntford, Shackleton, 379.
299 “Fancy that ridiculous Shackleton”: Winston Churchill to Clementine Churchill, March 28, 1916, quoted ibid., 488.
299 “London in the aftermath”: Huntford, Shackleton, 673.
299 “The manager at Boston”: Douglas Mawson to Paquita Mawson, February 4, 1915, quoted in Ayres, Mawson, 107.
299 The two-volume The Home of the Blizzard: Ibid., 101.
300 After the war, back in Australia: Ibid., 250; Riffenburgh, Aurora, 407.
300 Thanks to Mawson’s doggedness: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 408.
300 “The scientific goals of early”: Ibid., 421–22.
301 “the Australasian Expedition was easily”: Ibid., 421.
301 “Sir Douglas Mawson’s Expedition”: Hayes, Antarctica, 210.
302 “He was still purposeful”: Eric Webb, “An Appreciation,” in Bickel, Mawson’s Will, 231.
303 “No words of mine”: Hurley, Argonauts, 120–21.
303 “To me, when I was a young man”: Eric Webb, “An Appreciation,” in Bickel, Mawson’s Will, 228–29.
304 “I consider that I was”: George Dovers to Douglas Mawson, July 20, 1954, quoted in Ayres, Mawson, 253.
304 “The 1911–14 days will ever”: John Hunter to Douglas Mawson, January 31, 1957, quoted in Ayres, Mawson, 254.
304 “The years 1911–13 are still”: Charles Laseron to Douglas Mawson, December 9, 1954.
304 “Knowing that he was not”: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 220.
304 “Sunday was a perfect October day”: Ibid.
305 The prime minister of Australia: Ibid., 221.
305 Paquita spent six years:
McEwin, An Antarctic Affair, 216.
307 “Mawson had his faults”: Mark Pharaoh, personal communication, July 2011.
308 Jarvis was already one: Jarvis, Mawson, 12.
308 To play the role of Mertz: Ibid., 13–14.
308 The station, which first opened: http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/stations/davis.shtml.
308 “To make the project viable”: Jarvis, Mawson, 14.
309 Like the AAE explorers, Jarvis: Ibid., 58.
309 dogs have been banned: http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/environment/wildlife/removal_of_sledge_dogs.php.
309 “as its leanness”: Jarvis, Mawson, 14.
309 “Mawson and Mertz couldn’t stop”: Ibid., 15.
310 “I was feeling extremely isolated”: Ibid., 133.
310 For through the first half: Ibid., 71, 80, 225.
310 At Davis Station, Jarvis: Ibid., 217.
311 “Despite pride at having completed”: Ibid., 227.
311 “I threw myself upward again”: Ibid., 212.
312 “probably the greatest story”: Edmund Hillary, Foreword, in Bickel, Mawson’s Will, 8.
312 “The greatest survival story”: Edmund Hillary, quoted in Riffenburgh, Racing with Death, front cover.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
Key to Institutions:
MC Mawson Collection, South Australian Museum, Adelaide
ML Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney
NLA National Library of Australia, Canberra
SLV State Library of Victoria, Melbourne
Blake, Leslie. Diary. SLV.
Davis, John King. Note appointing relief party for second overwintering. SLV.
Dovers, George. Diary. ML.
Gray, Percival. Diary (Letters). ML.
Hannam, Walter. Diary. ML.
Harrisson, Charles. Diary. ML.
Hunter, John. Diary. NLA.
———. Letter to Mawson. MC.
[Illegible signature—Ararat asylum warden]. Letter from Ararat asylum to Mawson. MC.
Jeffryes, Sidney. Letters to Mawson. MC.
———. Letter to Norma Jeffryes. MC.
———. Letter to Miss Eckford. MC.
Jones, Sydney. Diary. NLA.
Kennedy, Alexander. Sledging diary. MC.
Laseron, Charles. Diary. ML.
———. Letter to Mawson. MC.
Madigan, Cecil. Diary. Private possession.
———. Letters to Mawson. MC.
Mawson, Douglas. Cook’s notices. MC.
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Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration Page 36