by David Barton
54. William Jay, The Life of John Jay (New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833), Vol. II, p. 376, to John Murray, Jr., October 12, 1816.
55. Burnet, Election Sermon, p. 27.
56. Witherspoon, Works (1815), Vol. IV, p. 267, “A Sermon Delivered at a Public Thanksgiving after Peace.”
57. Jay, Correspondence, Vol. I, p. 161, “Charge to the Grand Jury of Ulster County,” September 9, 1777.
58. Samuel Adams, Writings, Vol. IV, p. 253, in the Boston Gazette, April 2, 1781.
59. Samuel Adams, Writings, Vol. IV, p. 256, in the Boston Gazette, April 16, 1781.
60. Daniel Webster, The Works of Daniel Webster (Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1853), Vol. II, p. 108, remarks to the ladies of Richmond, Virginia, October 5, 1840.
61. Noah Webster, Letters to a Young Gentleman, p. 19, Letter 1.
62. George Washington, The Writings of George Washington, Jared Sparks, editor (Boston: Russell, Odiorne, & Metcalf; and Hilliard, Gray, & Co., 1835), Vol. IX, pp. 391-392, to Benjamin Lincoln, June 29, 1788.
63. John Witherspoon, The Works of the Rev. John Witherspoon (Philadelphia: William W. Woodward, 1802), Vol. III, p. 37, “Dominion of Providence Over the Passions of Men,” May 17, 1776,
64. Witherspoon, Works (1815), Vol. IX, p. 129, “Speech in Congress upon the Confederation.”
65. Samuel Adams, Writings, Vol. IV, p. 225, to Thomas Wells, November 22, 1780.
66. Samuel Adams, Writings, Vol. IV, p. 252, in the Boston Gazette, April 2, 1781.
67. Daniel Webster, The Writings and Speeches of Daniel Webster (Boston: Little, Brown, &Co., 1903), Vol. XIII, pp. 492-493, speech on February 23, 1852.
68. John Dickinson, The Political Writings of John Dickinson (Wilmington: Bonsal and Niles, 1801), Vol. I, p. 277, quoting Montesquieu, Vol. I, p. 272.
69. Samuel Adams, Writings, Vol. II, p. 287, in the Boston Gazette on December 9, 1771.
70. Daniel Webster, Works, Vol. I, p. 403.
71. James A. Garfield, The Works of James Abram Garfield, Burke Hinsdale, editor (Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1883), Vol. II, pp. 486, 489, “A Century of Congress,” July 1877.
72. Charles G. Finney, Lectures on Revivals of Religion (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1868, first published in 1835), Lecture XV, pp. 281-282.
73. George Washington, Address of George Washington, President of the United States … Preparatory to His Declination (Baltimore: Christopher Jackson, 1796), pp. 19-21.
74. David Ramsay, An Eulogium Upon Benjamin Rush, M.D. (Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1813), p. 103.
75. Burnet, Election Sermon, pp. 26-27.
76. John R. Musick, Great Americans of History – John Hancock (Chicago: Union School Furnishing Co., 1898), pp. 116-117.
Appendix E:
List of Cases Cited
Abington v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963).
ACLU v. City of Birmingham, 791 F.2d 1561 (6th Cir. 1986).
ACLU v. City of Florissant, 186 F.3d 1095 (8th Cir. 1999).
ACLU of Kentucky v. Grayson County, 2002 WL 1558688 (W.D. Ky. May 13, 2002).
ACLU of Kentucky v. McCreary County, 354 F.3d 438 (6th Cir. 2003).
ACLU of New Jersey v. Schundler, 104 F.3d 1435 (3d Cir. 1997).
ACLU of New Jersey v. Schundler, 168 F.3d 92 (3d Cir. 1999).
ACLU of Ohio v. Ashbrook, 375 F.3d 484 (6th Cir. 2004).
ACLU of Ohio v. City of Stow, 29 F. Supp. 2d 845 (N.D. Ohio 1998).
ACLU of Tennessee v. Hamilton County, 202 F. Supp. 2d 757 (E.D. Tenn. 2002).
ACLU of Tennessee v. Rutherford County, 209 F. Supp. 2d 799 (M.D. Tenn. 2002).
Adland v. Russ, 307 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2002).
Alexander v. Nacogdoches School District, Civil Action 9:91CV144 (E.D. Tex. 1991).
Amancio v. Town of Somerset, 28 F. Supp. 2d 677 (D. Mass. 1998).
Anderson v. Mexico Academy and Central School, 186 F. Supp. 2d 193 (N.D. N.Y. 2002).
Anderson v. Milwaukee County, 433 F.3d 975 (7th Cir. 2006).
Anderson v. Salt Lake City Corporation, 475 F.2d 29 (10th Cir. 1973).
Ashby v. Isle of Wight County School Board, 354 F. Supp. 2d 616 (E.D. Va. 2004).
Bacus v. Palo Verde Unified School District, 52 Fed. Appx. 355 (9th Cir. 2002) (unpublished).
Baer v. Kolmorgen, 181 N.Y.S.2d. 230 (Sup. Ct. 1958).
Baker v. Adams County/Ohio Valley School Board, 2004 WL 68523 (6th Cir. Jan. 12, 2004).
Bannon v. School District of Palm Beach County, 387 F.3d 1208 (11th Cir. 2004).
Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243 (1833).
Bates v. Jones, 958 F. Supp. 1446 (N.D. Cal. 1997), rev’d, 127 F.3d 839 (9th Cir. 1997).
Baumann v. City of Cumming, 2:07-CV-0095 (N.D. Ga. Feb. 27, 2008).
Bebout v. Leimbaugh, 2:93-cv-01079-BSJ (D. Utah 1993).
Bishop v. Colaw, 450 F.2d 1069 (8th Cir. 1971).
Board of Education of Central School District v. Allen, 392 U.S. 236 (1968).
Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997).
Bogen v. Doty, 598 F.2d 1110 (8th Cir. 1979).
Broadus v. Saratoga Springs City School District, 02-cv-0136 (N.D.N.Y. 2002).
Buono v. Norton, 212 F. Supp. 2d 1202 (C.D. Cal. 2002), aff’d, 371 F.3d 543 (9th Cir. 2004).
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940).
Carpenter v. City and County of San Francisco, 93 F.3d 627 (9th Cir. 1996).
Case of Fries 9 F. Cas. 924 (C.C. Pa. 1800).
C. H. v. Oliva, 226 F.3d 198 (3rd Cir. 2000).
Chandler v. James, CV 96-D-169-N, pp. 3-4, 6-7, 15. (M.D. Ala. Oct. 29, 1997) (Permanent injuction).
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1 (1831).
Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States, 143 U.S. 457 (1892).
Church on the Rock v. City of Albuquerque, 84 F.3d 1273 (10th Cir. 1996).
Citizens for Equal Protection v. Bruning, 368 F. Supp. 2d 980 (D. Neb. 2005), rev’d, No. 05-2604 (8th Cir. 2006).
City Council of Charleston v. S. A. Benjamin, 2 Strob. 508 (S.C. 1846).
Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883).
Coalition for Economic Equity v. Wilson, 946 F. Supp. 1480 (N.D. Cal. 1996).
Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971).
Cole v. Oroville Union High School District, 228 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2000).
Colston v. Crowley Independent School District, No. 4:06-CV-00097 (N.D. Tex. June 20, 2006).
Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist, 413 U.S. 756 (1973).
Commonwealth v. Chambers, 599 A. 2d 630 (Pa. 1991).
Commonwealth v. Has, 122 Mass. 40 (1877).
Commonwealth v. Kneeland, 37 Mass. 206 (1838).
Commonwealth v. Nesbit, 34 Pa. 398 (1859).
Commonwealth v. Sharpless, 2 Serg. & Rawle 91 (Pa. 1815).
Commonwealth v. Wolf, 3 Serg. & Rawle 48 (Pa. 1817).
Compassion in Dying v. Washington, 79 F.3d 790 (9th Cir. 1996).
County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989).
Cumana v. Bucelo, No. 99-2107-CIV-JORDAN (S.D. Fla. May 24, 2002).
Curran v. School Board, No. 0460032 (S.D. Fla., filed January 12, 2004).
Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819).
Davis v. Beason, 133 U.S. 333 (1890).
Deveney v. Board of Education, Kanawha County, 231 F. Supp. 2d 483 (S.D. W.Va. 2002).
DiLoreto v. Downey Unified School District Board of Education, 196 F.3d 958 (9th Cir. 1999).
Doe v. Duncanville Independent School District, 994 F.2d 160 (5th Cir. 1993).
Doe v. Harlan County School District, 96 F. Supp. 2d 667 (E.D. Ky. 2000).
Doe v. Santa Fe Independent School District, No. G-95-176 (S.D. Tex. May 5, 1995).
Doe v. Tangipahoa Parish School Board, No. 05-30294 (5th Cir. 2006).
Draper v. Logan County Public Library, 403 F. Supp. 2d 608 (W.D. Ky. 2005).
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857).
E. D. T. v. Abington School District, No. 2:2007cv00679 (E.D. Pa
., filed on Feb. 20, 2007).
Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987).
Ellis v. City of La Mesa, 990 F.2d 1518 (9th Cir. 1993).
Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962).
Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968).
Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville, 422 U.S. 205 (1975).
Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947).
Finot v. Pasadena City Board of Education, 58 Cal. Rptr. 520 (Cal. App. 2d 1967).
Fleming v. Jefferson County School District, R-1, 298 F.3d 918 (10th Cir. 2002).
Florey v. Sioux Falls School District, 464 F. Supp. 911 (D.S.D. 1979).
Freiler v. Tangipahoa Parish Board of Education, 185 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 1999).
Friedman v. Board of County Commissioners, 781 F.2d 777 (10th Cir. 1985).
Furley v. Aledo Independent School District, No. 4:99-CV-0416-A (N.D. Tex. Oct. 21, 1999), aff’d without opinion, 218 F.3d 743 (5th Cir. 2000).
Gearon v. Loudoun County School Board, 844 F. Supp. 1097 (U.S.D.C., E.D. Va. 1993).
Gierke v. Blotzer, CV-88-0-883 (D. Neb. 1989).
Glassroth v. Moore, 335 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2003).
Good News Club v. Milford Central School District, 533 U.S. 98 (2001).
Graham v. Central Community School District of Decatur County, 608 F. Supp. 531 (D. Iowa 1985).
Gregorio T. v. Wilson, 59 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 1996).
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965).
Grove v. Mead School District, 753 F.2d 1528 (9th Cir. 1985).
Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company v. Ellis, 165 U.S. 150 (1897).
Harper v. Poway Unified School District, 445 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2006).
Harris v. City of Zion, 927 F.2d 1401 (7th Cir. 1991).
Harris v. Joint School District, 41 F.3d 447 (9th Cir. 1994).
Harvey v. Cobb County, 811 F. Supp. 669 (N.D. Ga. 1993), aff’d, 15 F.3d 1097 (11th Cir. 1994).
H. E. B. Ministries v. Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 114 S.W.3d 617 (Tex. App. 2003).
Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation, No. 06-157, 551 U.S. _____ (2007).
Heinkel v. School Board of Lee County, Florida, 194 Fed. Appx. 604, 2006 WL 2417296 (11th Cir. Aug. 22, 2006) (unpublished).
Hills v. Scottsdale Unified School District No. 48, 329 F.3d 1044 (9th Cir. 2003).
Hinrichs v. Bosma, 400 F. Supp. 2d 1103 (S.D. Ind. 2005).
Hodges v. City of Lebanon, No. 1:03-cv-00596 (S.D. Ind. 2003).
Hurst v. Newman, 1:06-CV-00036-OWW-SMS (E.D. Cal. January 17, 2006).
In re Marriage Cases S147999 (Cal. May 15, 2008).
Iverson v. Forbes, 93-3-232 (Or. Cir. Ct. 1993).
Jager v. Douglas, 862 F. 2d 824 (11th Cir. 1989).
J. B. Barton v. City of Balch Springs, No. 3:03-CV-2258-G (N.D. Tex. 2004).
John M’Creery’s Lessee v. Allender, 4 H. & McH. 409 (Md. 1799).
Johnson v. Poway Unified School District, No. 3:2007cv00783 (S.D. Cal., filed April 30, 2007).
Johnston v. Commonwealth, 22 Pa. 102 (1853).
Joki v. Board of Education of the Schuylerville Central School District, 745 F. Supp. 823 (N.D.N.Y. 1990).
Jones v. Clear Creek Independent School District, 977 F.2d 963 (5th Cir. 1992).
Kay v. Douglas School District, 719 P.2d 875 (Or. App. 1986).
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, 400 F. Supp. 2d 707 (M.D. Pa. 2005).
Kuhn v. City of Rolling Meadows, 927 F.2d 1401 (7th Cir. 1991).
Lamb’s Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School, 508 U.S. 384 (1993).
Lassonde v. Pleasanton Unified School District, 320 F.3d 979 (9th Cir. 2003).
Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992).
Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971).
Levitt v. Committee for Public Education, 413 U.S. 472 (1973).
Lindenmuller v. People, 33 Barb 548 (N.Y. 1861).
Lowe v. City of Eugene, 451 P.2d 222 (Or. 1969).
LULAC v. Wilson, 908 F. Supp. 755 (D. Cal. 1995).
Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668 (1984).
MacPherson v. Department of Administrative Services, No. 05C10444 (Cir. Ct. Marion County, Or., 2005), rev’d, No. S52875 (Or. 2006).
Malnak v. Yogi, 440 F. Supp. 1284 (D. N.J. 1977).
Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983).
M. B. v. Liverpool Central School District, No. 5:04-CV-1255 (NAM/GHL) (N.D. N.Y., filed Oct. 28, 2004).
McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky, 545 U.S. 844 (2005).
McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819).
McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948).
Melvin v. Easley, 52 N.C. 276 (1860).
Missouri v. Jenkins, 495 U.S. 33 (1990).
Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105 (1943).
Murphy v. Bilbray, Nos. 90-134 GT, 89-820 GT, 1997 WL 754604 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 18, 1997).
Murphy v. Ramsey, 114 U.S. 15 (1885).
Newdow v. U.S. Congress, 292 F.3d 597 (9th Cir. 2002).
New State Ice Company v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262 (1932).
Nichol v. Arin Intermediate Unit 28, 268 F. Supp. 2d 536 (W.D. Pa. 2003).
Nyman/Liberty Counsel v. School District of Kettle Moraine, 2:01-cv-00285-CNC (E.D. Wis., filed March 22, 2001).
Osborn v. United States Bank, 22 U.S. 738 (1824).
Oxford Baptist Church v. Catawba County School Board of Education, No. 5:02-CV-114-V (W.D. N.C. Oct. 5, 2004).
Parks v. Finan, 385 F.3d 694 (6th Cir. 2004).
Paulson v. City of San Diego, 294 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 2002).
Peck v. Baldwinsville Central School District, 99-CV-1847 (N.D. N.Y. August 16, 2004).
People v. Ruggles, 8 Johns. 290 (1811).
Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925).
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).
Pulver v. City of Hastings, 4:07-cv-03006 (D. Neb. Feb. 4, 2008).
Quill v. Vacco, 80 F.3d 716 (2d Cir. 1996).
Reed v. van Hoven, 237 F. Supp. 48 (W.D. Mich. 1965).
Reidenbach v. Pethtel, 3:93-cv-00632-RLW (E.D. Va. 1993).
Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878).
Ring v. Grand Forks Public School District, 483 F. Supp. 272 (D. N.D. 1980).
Roberts v. Madigan, 702 F. Supp. 1505 (D. Colo. 1989), aff’d 921 F.2d 1047 (10th Cir. 1990).
Robinson v. City of Edmond, 68 F.3d 1226 (10th Cir. 1995).
Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996).
Rosenberger v. Rector & Visitors of the University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995).
Rubin v. City of Burbank, 124 Cal. Rptr. 2d 867 (Cal. Ct. App. 2002).
Runkel v. Winemiller, 4 H. & McH. 429 (Md. 1799).
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000).
Schempp v. School District of Abington, 177 F. Supp. 398 (1959).
Scopes v. State, 289 S.W. 363 (Tenn. 1927).
Selman v. Cobb County School District, 390 F. Supp. 2d 1286, 1313 (N.D. Ga. 2005).
Separation of Church and State Committee v. City of Eugene, 93 F.3d 617 (9th Cir. 1996).
[Brittney Kay] Settle v. Dickson County School Board, 53 F.3d 152 (6th Cir. 1995).
Shover v. State, 10 Ark. 259 (1850).
Sklar v. Harrison County School Board, 1:06-cv-103 (N.D. W.Va. Oct. 18, 2006).
Skoros v. City of New York, 437 F.3d 1 (2d Cir. 2006).
State v. [Smith] Clark, 29 N.J.L. 96 (1860).
State v. McGee, 75 S.E. 2d 783 (N.C. 1953).
State v. Williams, 26 N.C. 296 (1844).
State Board of Education v. Board of Education of Netcong, 262 A.2d 21 (N.J. 1970).
State v. George T. Broxson, Case No. 90-02930 CF (1st Jud. Cir. Ct., Walton County, Fla. 1992).
Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39 (1980).
Theriault v. Silber, 547 F.2d 1279 (5th Cir. 1977).
Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961).
Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958).
Turner v. H
abersham County, 290 F. Supp. 2d 1362 (N.D. Ga. 2003).
United States Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995).
United States v. Kirby, 74 U.S. 482 (1868).
United States v. Macintosh, 283 U.S. 605 (1931).
United States v. Seeger, 380 U.S. 163 (1965).
Updegraph v. Commonwealth, 11 Serg. & Rawle 394 (Pa. 1824).
U.S.A. v. Manning, Nos. 06-35613, 06-35664 and 06-35765 (9th Cir. May 21, 2008).
Van Orden v. Perry, 545 U.S. 677 (2005).
Vidal v. Girard’s Executors, 43 U.S. 127 (1844).
Wallace v. Ford, 346 F. Supp. 156 (D. Ark. 1972).
Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985).
Walz v. Egg Harbor Township Board of Education, No. 00-2149 (JBS) (D. N.J. Feb. 11, 2002).
Walz v. Tax Commission, 397 U.S. 664 (1970).
Warsaw v. Tehachapi, No. CV F-90-404 (E.D. Cal. 1990).
Washegesic v. Bloomingdale Public School, 813 F. Supp. 559 (W.D. Mich. 1993), aff’d, 22 F. 3d 679 (6th Cir. 1994).
Webb v. City of Republic, 55 F. Supp. 2d 994 (W.D. Mo. 1999).
Westfield High School L.I.F.E. Club v. City of Westfield, 249 F. Supp. 2d 98 (D. Mass. 2003).
Westside v. Mergens, 496 U.S. 226 (1990).
Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. 515 (1832).
Wynne v. Town of Great Falls, 376 F.3d 292 (4th Cir. 2004).
Yniguez v. Arizona, 69 F.3d 920 (9th. Cir. 1995).
Young v. County of Charleston, 1999 WL 33530383 (S.C. Com. Pl. 1999).
Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District, 509 U.S. 1 (1993).
Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U.S. 306 (1952).
Appendix F:
Bibliography
Books
An Abridgement of the Laws of Pennsylvania, Collinson Read, editor. Philadelphia: 1801.
An Abstract of the American Bible Society. New York: Daniel Fanshaw, 1830.
Acts Passed at a Congress of the United States of America Begun and Held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the Fourth of March, in the Year 1789. Hartford: Hudson and Goodwin, 1791.
Acts Passed at the First Session of the Fifth Congress of the United States of America. Philadelphia: William Ross, 1797.
Adams, John; Bowdoin, John. An Address of the Convention for Framing a New Constitution of Government for the State of Massachusetts-Bay to their Constituents. Boston: White and Adams, 1780.