storyboard, 110, 126, 134
text
storytelling, 67, 110
on toolbar, 495–496
structural pattern, 158–159
in visual interface, 310–311, 315
structure of visual elements, 296–301
text controls, 468–469
stupid, making user feel, 97, 370–371, 531
text edit controls
style, integrating function and, 306–307
clue boxes, 465–466
style guide, 138
handling out of bounds data, 466
subject matter expert (SME) interview,
insert and overtype entry modes, 467
54–55
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Index
607
units and measurements, 466–467
transient posture
using for output, 468
appliances and, 198
validation, 463–465
description of, 169–172
texture and visual interface design, 292
excise and, 226
37signals, Writeboard, 347
handheld devices and, 190–191
3D object manipulation, 415–420
informational Web site and, 176
thumbwheel, 462
kiosks and, 194–195
Tidwell, Jenifer ( Designing Interfaces), 157
Web application and, 180–181
tiling windows, 427
transitory bulletin dialog box, 522–523
The Timeless Way of Building (Alexander),
transparency, 202–203
156
tree controls, 457
title of dialog box, 508
Tufte, Edward
toggle, 444
on quantitative presentation, 211
tool selection and manipulation, 207–208
The Visual Display of Quantitative
toolbar controls, 496–499
Information, 290, 313
toolbars
type size, 310
balloon help, 497
butcons and, 441–442
U
choice and, 217–219
unbounded entry control, 458–459.
contextual, 503
See also text edit controls
customizable, 501–502
Undo cache, 257
description of, 493–494
Undo feature
direct manipulation and, 479
blind and explanatory, 339
docking, 500, 513
category-specific, 344–345
evolution of, 499–503
comparison model, 343–344
explaining controls on, 496–498
deleted data buffer and, 346
icons versus text on, 495–496
designing, 337–338
menus and, 494–495, 499–500
as enabling exploration, 336–337
as modeless idiom, 513
file system and, 352
movable, 500–501
freezing, 348
navigation and, 240
group multiple, 342–343
ribbon, 487–488, 502
incremental and procedural actions, 338
tools, navigation between, 235–236
manifest model of, 341, 343
Tools menu, 485
multisession, 265–266
ToolTips, 47, 466, 497–498
Redo feature and, 341–342
top-level window, 436
single and multiple, 339–341
touch screen, 188, 193–194
unified file model and, 361
transactional kiosk, 191–192, 193, 195
users and, 335–336
transactional Web site, 177–178
versioning and reversion, 346–347
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608
Index
Undo-proof operation, 348
user goals
unified file model
creation of digital products and, 4–5
abandoning changes, 361
designing to meet, in context, 16–17
communicating status, 363
development process and, 9–10
creating copy, 359
end type, 93
creating version, 361
experience type, 92–93
File menu, changing name and contents
ignorance about, 8–9
of, 362–363
life type, 93–94
naming and renaming, 359
product success and, 25–26
overview of, 357–358
recognizing, 13–14
placing and moving, 360
successful products and, 96–97
reversing changes, 361
tasks and activities compared to, 14–16
saving automatically, 358–359
types of, 92–94
specifying stored format, 360–361
as user motivations, 94
Universal Principles of Design (Lidwell,
user interaction and mechanical-age
Holden, and Butler), 307
represented model, 36–37
usability and grid system, 299
user interface. See also metaphor in user
Usability Engineering (Nielsen), 71, 144
interface; visual interface design
usability testing
as artifact, 202
description of, 70–71
attractiveness of, 90
design validation and, 142–143
branding, customer experience, and,
designer involvement in, 145–146
306–307
formative, conducting, 144–145
excise in, 224–225
in framework phase, 126
experience levels and, 41–44
summative and formative evaluations,
graphic design and, 289
144
implementation model and, 32–33
use case, persona-based scenario
inflecting, 245–247
compared to, 113
invention of, 279
useit.com Web site, 175
mathematical thinking and, 34–35
user. See also beginner; expert user; inter-
mental models and, 31
mediate user; user goals; user interface
paradigms in design of, 270–276
as elastic, 79–80
well-balanced, 43–44
ethnographic interview and, 67
user interview, 56
making feel stupid, 97, 370–371, 531
user observation, 56–57
perception of, by stakeholders, 54
user profile, 85–86
predicting actions of, 261–263, 268
user research, 17, 18, 143. See also qualita-
user archetype, 21
tive research; research methodology
user experience, 140, 177–178
user role, 84–85
user feedback session, 142–143
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Index
609
V
visual framework/visual language
validation controls, 463–465
strategy, 23
validation scenario
visual idiom, 276
checking designs with, 135–136
visual information design. See also visual
description of, 113
interface design
refinement phase and, 23
causality, showing, 314
value and visual interface design, 291
changes over time, showing, 316
Vander Wal, Thomas (information
content, ensuring, 315–316
architect), 329
enforcing visual comparisons, 314
variables, 61�
��62, 98–99, 314–315
multiple variables, showing, 314–315
Veen, Jeffrey ( The Art and Science
overview of, 289–290
of Web Design), 175
principles of, 313–314
verbal thinker, 135
quantifiable data, showing, 317
verb-object ordering, 390–392
text, graphics, and data, integrating, 315
vernier mode, 407–408
visual interface design. See also visual
versioning, 346–347, 361
information design
vertex handle, 414–415
art, other design disciplines, and, 288
vertical axial symmetry, 300
building blocks of, 290–291
View menu, 484
color in, 311–312
views, 233, 238
grouping elements and providing
violating standards, 319
hierarchy, 294–296
virtual desktop, 427–428
for handhelds and other devices, 312–313
visceral level of processing, 89–90
hue and, 292
visible hierarchical menu, 476–477
imagery, using, 302–305
vision statement, creating, 116–117
noise and clutter, avoiding, 307–308
Visual Basic, 436
orientation and, 292
visual design framework
overview of, 287
defining, 136–139
position and, 293
description of, 126
principles of, 293
television-based interfaces, 195
shape and, 291
visual dislocation, hiding commands
simplicity and, 308–309
for, 220
size and, 291
The Visual Display of Quantitative
structure and flow, providing, 296–301
Information (Tufte), 290, 313
style and function, integrating, 306–307
visual excise, 226–227
text and, 310–311
visual feedback
texture and, 292
direct manipulation and, 386
value and, 291
drag-and-drop operation, 399, 401–402
visual language study, developing, 136–139
selection state, 396
visual metaphor, 425
sovereign interface and, 166–167
visual noise, avoiding, 307–308
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Index
visual style and sovereign interface, 166
Windows (Microsoft). See also Microsoft
visual thinker, 135
Outlook; Microsoft PowerPoint;
visual work, minimizing, 151
Microsoft Word
visualizing
auto-scrolling, 403
behavior, 304–305
Confirm File Delete dialog box, 541
interface, 131–133
Disk Properties dialog box, 317
vocabulary, interaction, 280–281
Explorer, 212–213, 394
File Manager, 211, 212–213
W
first version of, 427
wait cursor hinting, 390
user interface, 33
Web, designing for, 174–175
Vista, icons, 304
Web application, 178–181
XP taskbar, 173
Web site, 175–178
Windows menu, 483
whiteboard, 133
windows pollution, 434–436
windows
wire frame, 418
Alto system, 423–424
wizard, 561–562
command-line interface compared to,
WordStar, 165
224–225
workflow model, 106–107
designing with, 430–436
workflow-oriented questions for
full-screen applications, 427–428
ethnographic interview, 66
keeping to minimum, 238
working set, 552–553
management of, 233
world, information in, 553
MDI versus SDI, 437–438
world vector, 553–554
multipaned application, 428–430
Writeboard (37signals), 347
overlapping, 426–427
WriteRoom (Hog Bay Software), 206
PARC principles, 425–427
pluralized, 190, 436–437
X
pop-up, 190
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC),
position of, 264
279, 423–427
states, 436–437
tiles, 427
Y
Yahoo! Widgets and iTunes, 170
Z
zoom, 420
zooming, 236, 237
37_084113 bob.qxp 4/3/07 6:16 PM Page 611
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when their products help users
achieve their goals.
Alan Cooper founded our consulting fi rm in 1992 on this simple idea.
Since then, Cooper consultants have helped companies of all sizes deliver hundreds of successful digital products and services. We’ve also taught our innovative methods, which are quickly becoming accepted as best practices, to thousands of people worldwide.
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