by Howard Blum
Chapter Seven
HP; CP; Cynthia; Shadow; Secret; Obituary, “George Cyrus Thorpe,” Washington Star, July 28, 1936; Nancy Whipple Grinnel, Carrying the Torch: Maude Howe Elliott and the American Renaissance (Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England, 2014).
Chapter Eight
HP; Shadow; CP; Cynthia; Betty Thorpe, Fioretta (Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing, 1922); www.madamebrousse.com “Honey Trap: The True Story of Madame Brousse.”
Chapter Nine
CP; Shadow; HP; Washington Post, November 18, 1929, p. 8; Washington Post, November 21, 1929, p. 8; Spy.
Chapter Ten
CP; Cynthia; Shadow; Arthur Pack letter to Rosina Rivett, quoted in Shadow; Public Record Office, and Foreign Office Archives, Kew, London [PRO]; Washington Post/New York Times, February 8, 1930; Washington Post, April 30, 1930, p. 8; Washington Evening Star, April 29-30, p. 4.
Chapter Eleven
CP; Shadow; Cynthia; PRO; HP; Lovell interview with Rosina Rivett quoted in Shadow; Rex Doublet letter to Rosina Rivett, January 11, 1946; Lovell interview with Lady Campbell-Orde; The Times, London, January 15, 1932, p. 11.
Chapter Twelve
HP; Cynthia; CP; James Joyce, Ulysses (New York: Vintage, 1986); Cork Historical and Archeological Society, “The Martello Towers of Cork Harbour,” July, 2012.
Chapter Thirteen
HP; Cynthia; CP; Shadow; PRO; Who Was Who, 1920-2008 (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2008); Obituary, Sir Henry Chilton, The Times, London, November 22, 1954.
Chapter Fourteen
Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; Spy; PRO; The Esoteric Curiosa, “The Anecdotal Lord”; George Malcolm Thompson, Lord Castlerosse, His Life and Times (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973); MI5; MI6; Max Aitken Beaverbrook, Politicians and the War 1914-1916 (London: T. Butterworth Limited, 1928); Beaverbrook, Politicians and the Press (London: Hutchinson, 1932); Anne Chisholm and Michael Davie, Lord Beaverbrook: A Life (New York: Knopf, 1993).
Chapter Fifteen
CP; HP; Shadow; Spy; Anthony Beevor, The Battle for Spain (New York: Hachette, 2012) [Beevor]; Tom Buchanan, “Edge of Darkness: British ‘Front-Line’ Diplomacy in Spanish Civil War, 1936-1937,” Contemporary European History, vol. 12, No. 3, August, 2003 (Buchanan); British National Archives, Bodleian Library Special Collections, Oxford University; Geoffrey Cox, Defense of Madrid (London: Gollancz, 1937); Helen Graham, The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002) [Graham]; Frank Jellinek, The Civil War in Spain (London: Gollancz, 1938) [Jellinek]; Sir Raymond Carr, The Spanish Tragedy (New York: Phoenix Press, 1977) [Carr]; MI6; PRO.
Chapter Sixteen
Carr; Graham; Jellinek; Preston Paul, “From Rebel to Caudillo: Franco’s Path to Power,” History Today, July 1986; New York Times, October 16, 1936; Cynthia; CP; Shadow; Hyde; Buchanan; New York Times, “Hendaye Now Center for Envoys to Spain,” August 2, 1936.
Chapter Seventeen
Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; PRO; Spy; Jellinek; Carr; Graham; L. Trask, The History of the Basque (London: Routledge, 1997); Beevor; Buchanan; MI6; Hinsley; Obituary, “George Cyrus Thorpe, Washington Star, July 28, 1936.
Chapter Eighteen
Cynthia; Hyde; Shadow; HP; PRO; Buchanan; Henry Taprell Dorling, Blue Star Line at War (London: W. H. Foulsham, 1973); www.saint-jean-de-luz.com; “Viscounty of Altamira,” www.digplanet.com; “Goya and the Altamira Family,” metmuseum.org/2014/goya; Jellinek; Granham; Eric R. Smith, Relief Aid and the Spanish Civil War (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1993); Teofilio Ruiz, “The Transformation of the Castilian Municipalities,” Past and Present, November, 1977; Josep Carles Clemente, The Red Cross During the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939, reviewed in International Review of the Red Cross, February, 1994; Carr.
Chapter Nineteen
Graham; Carr; Jellinek; Cynthia; HP; CP; Shadow; PRO; Buchanan; “Valencia Under the Bombs,” YouTube.
Chapter Twenty
Carr; Jellinek; CP; Cynthia; HP; Shadow; “British Embassy in Madrid,” The Times, London, May 27, 1939, p. 11; PRO; University of Warwick Records Centre, “The Scottish Ambulance Unit in Spain and the Spanish Civil War”; Martha Gelhorn, The View from the Ground (London: Granta Books, 1990); Buchanan; Granham.
Chapter Twenty-One
Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; PRO; MI6; Hinsley; Buchanan; Carr; Jellinek; “Spanish Civil War Prisoners and Prisons,” pamphlet collection, Hoover Institute, Stanford, CA [Prisons]; Spy; Agent; BSC.
Chapter Twenty-Two
Cynthia; Shadow; HP; National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC [NA]; www.arlingtoncemetary.net/sofuqua/htm; Stephen Ogden Fuqua, Americans Wanted (New York: Smith & Durrell, 1940); Prisons; Carr; Jellinek; Graham; Buchanan; Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War (London: Penguin Books, 2003); Indalecio Prieto, Remembrances and Perspectives (New York: Spanish Editions, 1938); PRO; MI6; Hinsley; Portsmouth Herald, “Naval Prison Plans Dead in the Water,” February 2, 2001.
Chapter Twenty-Three
PRO; MI6; Shadow; Cynthia; CP; HP; Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick, The Inner Circle (London: Macmillan, 1959); Lord Stang, Foreign Office (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1957); Buchanan.
Chapter Twenty-Four
Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; www.sligotourism.ie/attractions/w-b-yeats-grave.
Chapter Twenty-Five
Cynthia; CP; Shadow; Spy; MI6; Hinsley; David L. Hogan, “President Roosevelt and the Origins of the 1939 War,” The Journal of Historical Review, vol. 4, 1989; Norman Davis, God’s Playground: A Short History of Poland (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982); Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), Walter Drzewieniecki, “The Polish Army on the Eve of World War II,” Polish Review, 1981; E.D. Wynot, Warsaw Between the Wars (New York: East European Monographs, 1983)[Warsaw]; Edward Baltzell, Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class (New York: Free Press, 1958); “Foreign Service Athletic Christian,” Time Magazine, August 8, 1935; Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar, The Park and the People (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998); Stanislaw Mackiewicz, Colonel Beck and His Policy (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1944) [Policy]; Henry L. Roberts, “The Diplomacy of Colonel Beck,” The International History Review, January, 1981 (Diplomacy); Anna Cieciala, “The Foreign Policy of Jozef Beck,” The Polish Review, vol. LVI, 2011 [FP]; BSC.
Chapter Twenty-Six
Hugh Sebag-Montefiore, Enigma (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2000)[Enigma]; Hinsley; MI6; David Kahn, Seizing the Enigma (London: Weidenfeld, 1996); F.H. Hinsley and Alan Stripp, editors, Codebreakers (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993); Wladsylaw Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the Poles Broke the Nazi Code (New York: Hippocrene Books, 2004); Quiet; HP; William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid (Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2000) [Intrepid]; Agent; John Winthrop Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography (New York: The Century, 1924); Peter Wilkinson and Joan Astley, Gubbins and SOE (London: Leo Cooper, 1993); Spy; F.W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret (New York: Dell, 1974).
Chapter Twenty-Seven
FP; Diplomacy; Policy; Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; Michael Burleigh, The Third Reich (London: Macmillan, 2000); Ladislas Farago, The Game of Foxes (New York: David McKay, 1971); William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011); PRO; Wilbur J. Carr Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; MI6; Hinsely; Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship (New York: Praeger, 1970); Czechoslovak Office of Foreign Affairs, Two Years of German Oppression in Czechoslovakia (London: Czechoslovak Publications, 1941); BSC; Agent.
Chapter Twenty-Eight
Cynthia; HP; Shadow; PRO; Policy; Diplomacy; FP; Warsaw; Spy; BSC; Hinsley; MI6; Stanley Cloud and Lynne Olson, A Question of Honor (New York: Vintage Books, 2004); Shelia Mulloy, O’Malley: People and Places (Dublin: Ballinakella Press, 1986)[O’Malley].
Chapter Twenty-Nine
Cynthia; HP; Shadow; CP; www.discoverireland.ie/arts/culture-heritage/rockfleet; Agent; www.mul
rannyparkhotel.ie/aboutus.
Chapter Thirty
Hinsley; MI6; Spy; Cynthia; CP; Agent; Shadow; HP; PRO; “The German Embassy in Santiago,” www.pasch-net.de; “Chile During World War II,” YouTube; Arthur Pack letters quoted in Shadow; Interview with Margaret Owen quoted in Shadow; South Pacific Mail, September 21, 1939; National Monuments Council, “Parque Forestal” (Santiago, Chile: National Monuments Council, 2000); Intrepid.
Chapter Thirty-One
CP; Cynthia; HP; Shadow; NA; Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York: Macmillan, 1948)[ Hull]; PRO; Agent; MI6; Hinsley; Spy.
Chapter Thirty-Two
BSC; Intrepid; Quiet; HP; Wild Bill; NA; Ernest L. Cuneo, “The British and Sir William,” Cuneo Papers, Hyde Park [Cuneo]; Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers, Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY [FDR]; Gilbert Martin, Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (London: Heinemann, 1983); David Ignatius, “Britain’s War in America,” Washington Post, September 17, 1989 [Britain’s War]; Timothy J. Naftali, “Intrepid’s Last Deception,” Intelligence and National Security, July, 1993; Thomas Troy, “CIA’s British Parentage,” Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Policy, August, 1984[Parentage]; MI6; Spy; Hinsley; Anthony Cave Brown, The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies, Spymaster to Winston Churchill (New York: Macmillan, 1987); Jennet Conant, The Irregulars (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008) [Irregulars]; Thomas E. Mahl, Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States, 1939-44 (New York: Brassey’s, 1999)[Deception]; Sisterhood; Jeffrey M. Dorwart, “The Roosevelt-Astor Espionage Ring,” Journal of the New York State Historical Society, July, 1981 [Ring]; Kermit Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress; Jeffrey M. Dowart, The Office of Naval Intelligence (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979) [ONI]; Astor Papers, FDR Library, Hyde Park [Astor]; Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, File on Vincent Astor; Joseph E. Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War (New York: Random House, 2001)[Secret War].
Chapter Thirty-Three
Cynthia; CP; HP; www.madamebrousse.com; Shadow; ONI; PRO; Ring; Astor; BSC; Secret War.
Chapter Thirty-Four
HP; Cynthia; CP; Quiet; Shadow; BSC; Deception; Britain’s War; Hinsely.
Chapter Thirty-Five
Cynthia; CP; HP; Agent; Quiet; BSC; ONI; Irregulars; Intrepid; Wild Bill; Deception; Britain’s War; Hinsley; FBI File: Mrs. Elizabeth Pack; Washington Social Register, archives; Irregulars.
Chapter Thirty-Six
Cynthia; CP; Hyde; Sisterhood; BSC; A.A. Hoehling, Women Who Spy (Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1993); Shadow; History Television “Family Secrets: Marion de Chastelain” (transcript); “The True Intrepid,” The Guardian, London, 2000; Parentage; Britain’s War; Intrepid; Quiet; Agent; FDR; David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988)[Washington]; William McNeil, America, Britain, and Russia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1953); “Bill to Aid Britain Strongly Backed,” New York Times, February 9, 1941; “Lend-Lease Shipments: World War II,” Chief of Finance, War Dept., December 31, 1946; Conrad Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Champion of Freedom (New York: Public Affairs, 2003); William Langer, The Undeclared War (New York: Harper Bros., 1953); George Green, “Connally,” Texas State Historical Association; Thomas E. Hachey, “American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Winter, 1973-74; “Michigan’s Vandenberg,” Time Magazine, April 29, 1937; Lawrence S. Kaplan, The Conversion of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg: From Isolation to International Engagement (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2014).
Chapter Thirty-Seven
Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; Washington; Enigma; David Brown, The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean (London: Routledge, 2002); BSC; Intrepid.
Chapter Thirty-Eight
Cynthia; CP; HP; Washington; Enigma; Shadow; BSC; Intrepid.
Chapter Thirty-Nine
Cynthia; NA; Shadow; HP; BSC; Intrepid; Washington; Enigma; Jack Greene and Alessandro Massignani, The Naval War in the Mediterranean (London: Chatham, 1998); Royal Navy website, Battle of Cape Matapan; Anthony M. Scalzo, “Battle of Cape Matapan,” History Magazine, June, 2000; Mavis Bately, “Breaking Italian Navy Enigma” in Michael Smith, The Bletchley Park Codebreakers (London: Biteback Publishing, 2011); James J. Sadkovich, “Re-evaluating Who Won the Italo-British Naval Conflict 1940-2,” European History Quarterly, October, 1988; Agent; Quiet; PRO.
Chapter Forty
FBI File: Mrs. Elizabeth Pack; Shadow; Cynthia; CP; HP; Washington; BSC; Intrepid; Quiet; PRO; NA; Sisterhood; ONI; Hull; Enigma.
Chapter Forty-One
Cynthia; HP; Quiet; Shadow; CP.
Chapter Forty-Two
Intrepid; Quiet; Cynthia; CP; Shadow; BSC; Sisterhood; Spy; NA; Douglas Boyd, Voices from the Dark Years: The Truth about Occupied France 1940-1945 (New York: The History Press, 2014); Jean-Pierre Azema, From Munich to Liberation, 1938-1944, part of the Cambridge History of Modern France (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985); Simon Kitson, The Hunt for Nazi Spies: Fighting Espionage in Vichy France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008); Colin Smith, England’s Last War Against France: Fighting Vichy, 1940-1942 (London: Weidenfeld, 2009)[ Smith]; Charles Cogan, Oldest Allies, Guarded Friends: The United States and France Since 1940 (New York: Praeger, 1994)[Cogan]; Julian G. Hurstfield, America and the French Nation, 1939-1945 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1986)[Hurstfield]; Hull; London Times, “Libel on Former Ambassador,” March 16, 1966.
Chapter Forty-Three
Cynthia; HP; BSC; Intrepid; Sisterhood; NA: OSS Papers, Vichy Intercepts; Hull; Quiet; Shadow.
Chapter Forty-Four
CP; Cynthia; Shadow; BSC; Quiet; Intrepid; Washington; Hinsley; MI6; NA: Vichy Intercepts; Divorce Papers, Pack vs. Pack, May 14, 1945, Somerset House Archives, London; FBI File: Vichy.
Chapter Forty-Five
FDR; Rick Atkinson, An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942-1943 (New York: Henry Holt, 2002)[Atkinson]; Russell Brooks, “Casablanca–The French Side of the Fence,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, September, 1951; Henry H. Adams, 1942: The Year That Doomed the Axis (New York: Warner, 1973); Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979); David A. Walker, “OSS and Operation Torch,” Journal of Contemporary History, 1987 [OSS Torch]; BSC; Intrepid; Quiet; PRO; Wild Bill; Peter Wright, Spycatcher (New York: Viking Penguin, 1987)[Spycather]; Chapman Pincher, Their Trade Is Treachery (New York: Bantam Books, 1982)[Pincher]; Cynthia; Shadow; HP; Sisterhood; DP; Anthony Cave Brown, Wild Bill Donovan: The Last Hero (New York: Times Books, 1982)[Hero]; Anthony Cave Brown, The Secret War Report of the OSS (New York: Berkley, 1976)[Brown]; U.S. War Department. Strategic Services Unit. War Report: Office of Strategic Services, 2 vols. (Washington: GPO, 1949) [OSS War Report].
Chapter Forty-Six
Cynthia; HP; BSC; Shadow; Sisterhood; Intrepid; Quiet; Washington; FBI File: Mrs. Elizabeth Pack; NA:Vichy Intercepts; New York Herald Tribune, August 31, 1941, p. 1, and September 1, 1941, p. 1.
Chapter Forty-Seven
Cynthia; CP; Shadow; Sisterhood; Washington; Cogan; Smith; Hurstfield; BSC; Intrepid; Quiet; FBI File: Mrs. Elizabeth Pack; NA.
Chapter Forty-Eight
Cynthia; CP; Shadow; NA; BSC; Quiet.
Chapter Forty-Nine
State Department Papers: Charles Brousse File; Cynthia; BSC; CP; Shadow; NA; Spy; Sisterhood; Quiet; DP; OSS War Report; Washington; FDR; Atkinson.
Chapter Fifty
Cynthia; BSC; Shadow; State Department Papers: Charles Brousse File; CP; Sisterhood; Intrepid; Quiet; OSS War Report; Washington; Wild Bill.
Chapter Fifty-One
Cynthia; CP; Shadow; HP; BSC; Sisterhood; OSS War Report; DP; Butler County Historical Society, “Mosler Safe Company”; State Department Papers: Charles Brousse; ONI; Atkinson; OSS Torch; Intrepid; Quiet; Winston Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 4 (London: Cassell, 1951).
Chapter Fifty-Two
FBI File: Mrs. Elizabeth Pack; NA; Shadow; Wild Bill; State Department: Adolf Berle Papers; Intrepid; Quiet; Cynthia; CP; Agent; OSS War Report; DP; Hero; Brown; State Department Papers: Charles Brousse; BSC.
Chapter Fifty-Three
Atkinson; Hull; NA; FDR; Cynthia; Shadow; BSC; Intrepid; CP; Erika Dreifus, “A Golden Prison in Pennsylvania, The Hotel Hershey 1942-43,” Pennsylvania History, vol. 69, Summer 2002; State Department Papers; Charles Brousse; www.hersheyarchives.org/essay/details; OSS War Report; Washington Evening Star, November 17, 1942; Catherine Gordon Declaration to State Department, December 28, 1942; DP; FBI Files: Mrs. Elizabeth Pack; Quiet.
Chapter Fifty-Four
Cynthia; CP; Shadow; HP; South Pacific Mail, Pack Obituary, November 8, 1945; Rosina Rivett Letters and Interviews quoted in Lovell.
Chapter Fifty-Five
Cynthia; CP; HP; Shadow; Wild Bill; The People, September, 29, 1963 and December 8, 1963; Spycatcher; Pincher.
Acknowledgments
WHEN I SAT DOWN AT my desk to write this book the pond outside my writing room was just beginning to freeze. By the time I had finished a pretty sturdy draft, the pond was sprinkled with lily pads and more than an entire year’s worth of seasons had passed outside my window. Yet I felt as if I had worked in a whirlwind. Ensconced on my hilltop in front of my computer, I barely noticed the months flying by. And now that the book is done, I realize that this sort of joyful focus was only possible because there were a lot of people I could depend upon, and to whom I, from time to time, was able to reach out.
Lynn Nesbit, my agent and friend, was a constant source of wisdom. She’s wise, prudent, and very loyal. I count on her and her friendship immensely. And in her office, Stephanie Koven was always working diligently on my behalf, Lenore Hoffman put up with my pestering, Bennett Ashley helped me navigate a few tight corners, and Hannah Davey did her best to help deflate each new crisis.