[>] Pirates are seen as heroes in Charleston: Hargrave (VI), p. 163.
[>] Blackbeard offered pardon by Johnson: Spotswood to Lord John Cartwright, Williamsburg, VA: 14 February 1718 in R. A. Brock (1882), p. 273.
[>] Plunder taken, cargoes destroyed, keeping Capt Hurst: "South Carolina Dispatch, June 6," Boston News-Letter, 7 July 1718, p. 2; "Philadelphia Dispatch, June 26," Boston News-Letter, 7 July 1718, p. 2; Letter to the Lords Proprietor of Carolina, 13 June 1718.
[>] Capture of the Princess, William of Boston: Letter to the Lords Proprietor of Carolina, 13 June 1718; CO5/508: South Carolina Imports..., pp. 54–55; TSB, p. 44.
254 "Baker's dozen": TSB, p. 48.
[>] Swearing revenge on New Englanders: "South Carolina Dispatch, June 6," Boston News-Letter, 7 July 1718, p. 2.
[>] Blackbeard angry at Richards for not burning William: TSB, p. 44.
[>] Quotes from Blackbeard's journal: GHP, p. 86.
[>] Alleged plan to intercept Spanish treasure fleet: TSB, p. 45.
[>] Beaufort Inlet, channel, and village in 1718: John T. Wells and Jesse E. McNinch, "Reconstructing Shoal and Channel Configuration in Beaufort Inlet," Southeastern Geology, Vol. 40, No. 1 (February 2001), pp. 11–18; Charles L. Paul, "Colonial Beaufort," North Carolina Historical Review, Vol. 42, 1965, pp. 139–152; Author's Visit, Beaufort, NC: 17 April 2005.
[>] Blackbeard runs Queen Anne's Revenge aground: Richard W. Lawrence and Mark Wilde-Ramsing, "In Search of Blackbeard: Historical and Archeological Research at Shipwreck Site 0003BUI," Southeastern Geology, Vol. 40, No. 1 (February 2001), pp. 7–9. TSB, p. 46; "Philadelphia Dispatch, June 26," Boston News-Letter, 7 July 1718, p. 2.
[>] Blackbeard doublecrosses Bonnet, other pirates: Hargrave (VI), pp. 163, 167; "New York Dispatch, July 14," Boston News-Letter, 21 July 1718, p. 2.
[>] Bath described: Herbert R. Paschal Jr., A History of Colonial Bath, Raleigh, NC: Edwards & Broughton Co., 1955, pp. 32–38; "Historic Bath Walking Tour" (pamphlet), Bath, NC: Historic Bath Historic Sites; Author's Visit, Bath, NC: 16 April 2005.
[>] Charles Eden background, home: Wilson & Fiske, Vol. 7, p. 301; Lee, pp. 55–65.
[>] Blackbeard's men disperse: Spotswood to Lord John Cartwright, 14 February 1718; Spotswood to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Williamsburg, VA: 22 December 1718 in CSPCS 1717–1718, No. 800, p. 430.
[>] Blackbeard at Plum Point: Lee, p. 62 (citing interviews with elderly Bath residents during a 1966 research trip).
[>] Blackbeard marries in Bath: GHP, p. 76; Lee, pp. 74–75; ADM 1/1826 f2: George Gordon to the Admiralty, London: 12 September 1721.
[>] Blackbeard revels with planters: GHP, p. 77.
[>] Death of Mary of Modena; collapse of Stuart plan: Hector McDonnell, The Wild Geese of the Antrim McDonnells, Dublin: Irish Academic Press, p. 81.
[>] Jennings takes Bennett's commission: "Piscatiqua (Portsmouth, NH) Dispatch, July 4," Boston News-Letter, 7 July 1718, p. 2.
[>] Vane departs with seventy-five men: GHP, p. 141.
[>] Capture of Richard & John: TJR, pp. 38, 40.
[>] Capture of French ship and two-masted vessel: GHP, pp. 141–142. The ship was not yet in Vane's possession when he captured the Richard & John, but is referred to regularly in regard to the events of July 4, so was presumably his flagship during the capture of the St. Martin.
[>] Capture of St. Martin: ADM 1/2649, fii: Vice Admiralty Court Proceedings, Nassau: 7–9 August 1718 (especially Testimony of Jacques Blondez); GHP, p. 141; Note that Blondez cites a "New Style" or Gregorian calendar date (July 1) in his testimony; ADM 1/2649 fii: An account of the Wines, Flower & Beef belonging to the Brigantine called the St. Martin of Bordeaux.
[>] Capture of sloops off Harbour Island, Vane in Nassau July 4–24: GHP, p. 142; ADM 1/2649, fii: Vice Admiralty Court Proceedings, Nassau: 7–9 August 1718 (testimonies of Robert Brown, William Harris, John Draper, John Fredd).
[>] Rogers arrives: ADM 51/801: entries for 24–25 July 1718.
CHAPTER TEN: BRINKSMANSHIP
[>] Disposition of Rogers fleet, night of July 24: ADM 1/2282 f2: George Pomeroy to the Admiralty, New York: 3 September 1718; ADM 51/406 pt. 4: entries of 23–25 July 1718; ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entries of 24–25 July 1718; ADM 51/892: entries of 24–25 July 1718.
[>] Vane fires on Rose, scene in harbor: ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718; GHP, p. 143; CO 23/1, No. 31: Memorial from the Copartners for carrying on a trade and settling the Bahamas Islands, London: 19 May 1721; CO 23/1, No. 17: Testimonial of Samuel Buck on the State of the Bahama Islands, 2 December 1719.
[>] Lieutenant meets with Vane: ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718.
[>] Vane's letter: Charles Vane to Woodes Rogers, Nassau: 24 July 1718 in GHP, p. 142.
[>] Vane's fireship: ADM 51/406 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718; ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718; ADM 51/892: entry of 25 July 1718; GHP, p. 143.
[>] Vane takes Katherine, collects supplies, men from town: GHP, p. 143; CO 23/1, No. 10viii: Deposition of Richard Taylore, Nassau: 4 August 1718; ADM 51/406 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718.
[>] Smoldering timbers: Rogers to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Nassau: 31 October 1718 in CSPCS 1717–1718, No. 737, p. 372.
[>] Delicia, Milford run aground: ADM 51/406 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718; Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 372.
[>] Buck, another sloop, pursue Vane: ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entry of 25 July 1718; ADM 51/892: entry of 25 July 1718; GHP, p. 143; George Pomeroy to the Admiralty, 3 September 1718; Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718.
[>] Rogers's landing and reception: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 372; GHP, pp. 616–617.
[>] Condition of the fort: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 374; GHP, p. 615.
[>] Accommodations for soldiers, colonists: GHP, pp. 617–619.
[>] Governing council named: CO 23/i, No. 10ii: Council Minutes for 1 August 1718; Woodes Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 372–373.
[>] Pirate and nonpirate population: Testimonial of Samuel Buck on the State of the Bahama Islands, 2 December 1719.
[>] Rogers's work plans: CO 23/1, No. 10ii: Council Minutes for 5, 20 & 28 August 1718.
[>] Samuel arrives: ADM 51/892: entry of 1 August 1718.
[>] Vane's message: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 376–377.
[>] Richard Taylor's report: Deposition of Richard Taylore.
[>] Disease strikes Nassau: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 373–374; ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entries of 8–9 August 1718; ADM 51/406 pt. 4: entries of 6–13 August 1718; CO 23/1, No. 10i: A general list of soldiers, sailors and passengers deceased since we arrived at Providence, Nassau: October 1718; Testimonial of Samuel Buck.
[>] Rogers's sickness: CO 23/i, No. 10ii: Council Minutes for 29 August 1718; CO 23/12/2: Woodes Rogers' Appeal to the King, London: 1726.
[>] Rogers on locals' laziness: CO 23/1, No. 15: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 29 May 1719; Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 374.
[>] Rogers negotiates with Chamberlaine: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 376.
[>] Milford, Shark depart Nassau: ADM 51/406 pt. 4: entry of 16 August 1718.
271 Vane's men in boat, Joseph Cockram's news: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 376; CO 23/1, No. 10iii: Deposition of Thomas Bowlin and four others, Nassau: 8 September 1718.
[>] Loss of Buck, story of Walter Kennedy: ADM 51/801 pt. 4: entry of 10 September 1718; CO 23/1, No. 31: Memorial from the Copartners for carrying on a trade and settling the Bahamas Islands, London: 19 May 1721; ADM 1/1597 fii: Peter Chamberlaine to the Admiralty, Milford at New York: 20 November 1718; Arthur L. Hayward (ed.), Lives of the Most Remarkable Criminals, London: George Routledge & Sons, 1927 (originally published London: John Osborn, 1735), pp. 35–36.
[>]–272 Negotiations with, departure of Whitney: Rogers to the Counc
il of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 376; ADM 51/801 pt. 4: Logbook of the Rose, entry of 14 September 1718; CO 23/13: Rogers to Secretary Craggs, Nassau: 24 December 1718.
[>] News of Vane's arrival: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 376.
[>] Capture of John & Elizabeth: TJR, pp. 26, 35, 37.
[>] Capture of Barbados sloop John & Elizabeth: GHP, p. 135.
[>] Pirate account from Weekly Journal: "News from a ship newly-arrived from South Carolina," London Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer, 27 December 1718, p. 1, 238.
[>] Vane's captures at Charleston: "Rhode Island Dispatch, October 10," Boston News-Letter, 20 October 1718, p. 2; Governor and Council of South Carolina to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Charlestown, SC: 21 October 1718 in CSPCS 1717–1718, No. 730, p. 366; CO 5/508: South Carolina Imports for the 24th June to the 29th September 1718, p. 64.
[>] Yeats' defection: "Rhode Island Dispatch, October 10," Boston News-Letter, 20 October 1718, p. 2.
[>]–274 Catching the Emperor and Neptune: "Protest of Captain King, Commander of the Neptune," Nassau: 5 February 1719 in GHP, p. 144; Deposition of Joseph Aspinwall, London: 28 July 1719 in Peter Wilson Coldham (ed.), English Adventurers and Emigrants 1661–1733, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Inc., 1985, p. 150; CO 5/508: South Carolina Exports for the 24th June to the 29th September 1718, p. 68. The Neptune was a 300- ton ship under Captain John King, the Emperor a fifty-ton vessel under Arnold Powers.
[>]–275 Bonnet seeks privateering commission: Bonnet even went so far as to obtain clearance papers from Governor Eden, officially endorsing his departure for St. Thomas. Hargrave (VI), pp. 164, 185.
[>] Robert Tucker elected, overrules Bonnet: Ibid., pp. 162, 164, 184–185.
[>] Revenge has only 10–12 barrels of provisions: Ibid., p. 167.
[>] Bonnet's aliases, renaming Revenge: Ibid., p. 161; TSB, p. 46.
[>]–276 Trading goods for plunder: TSB, p. 46; GHP, p. 98.
[>] Tucker cuts victims: Hargrave (VI), p. 173.
[>] Toasting James Stuart in Lewes, Tucker "their father": Ibid., p. 166.
[>] Pirates escape to and from Rhode Island: "Rhode Island Dispatch, August 8," Boston News-Letter, 11 August 1718, p. 2; TSB, p. 46; "Rhode Island Dispatch, August 15," Boston News-Letter, 18 August 1718, p. 2.
[>] Account of battle at Cape Fear: Governor and Council of South Carolina to the Council of Trade, 21 October 1718, pp. 366–367; GHP, pp. 100–102.
[>] Captives' abortive escape at Cape Fear: Hargrave (VI), p. 178.
[>] Quotes on status of blacks: Ibid.; TSB, p. 48. The mulatto captive, Thomas Gerrat, was later tried and found not guilty of piracy.
[>] Pirates intend to go to St. Thomas: TSB, p. 47.
278 Blackbeard's men plundering trading vessels: ADM 1/1472 fii: Brand to the Admiralty, Lyme at Virginia: 6 February 1719.
[>] Blackbeard's men cause trouble at Bath, Blackbeard cleared to St. Thomas: Deposition of Governor Charles Eden to North Carolina Council, Chowan, NC: 30 December 1718 in William L Saunders, Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. II, Raleigh, NC: P. M. Hale, 1886, p. 322.
[>] Blackbeard at Philadelphia: John F. Watson, Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, Vol. II, Philadelphia: John Pennington & Uriah Hunt, 1844, pp. 216–218; Lee, p. 78.
[>] Blackbeard captures French ships near Bermuda: Alexander Spotswood to Secretary Craggs, Williamsburg, VA: 26 May 1719 in Brock (1882), pp. 316–319; North Carolina Council Minutes, Chowan, NC: 27 May 1719 in Saunders (1886), p. 341; Spotswood to the Lords of Trade, Williamsburg, VA: 26 May 1719 in Brock (1882), p. 323.
[>] Plundering of French ship, wounded men at Ocracoke: "Rhode Island Dispatch, November 14," Boston News-Letter, 17 November 1718, p. 2; Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Blackbeard's attack on William Bell: Ibid., p. 342; Testimony of William Bell, Chowan, NC: 27 May 1719 in Saunders (1886), pp. 342–343.
[>] Blackbeard goes to Bath: North Carolina Council Minutes, 27 May 1719, p. 341.
[>] Blackbeard meets with Knight: Ibid., pp. 341–342.
[>] Blackbeard comes to Bath, claims French ship was wreck: Spotswood to the Lords of Trade, Williamsburg, VA: 26 May 1719 in Brock, p. 323; Testimony of Tobias Knight, Chowan, NC: 27 May 1719 in Saunders (1886), p. 347.
[>] Pirated sugar in Knight's barn: Abstract of testimony of Ellis Brand given in Virginia, 12 March 1718, North Carolina Council Minutes, Chowan, NC: 27 Mary 1719 in Saunders (1886), p. 346; ADM 1/1472 fii: Brand to the Admiralty, Galleon's Reach, England: 14 July 1719.
[>] French ship burned: Spotswood to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Williamsburg, VA; ii August 1719 in CSPCS 1719–1720, No. 357, p. 207.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: HUNTED
[>] Virginia population, description: Brock (1882), p. xi; Doyle, pp. 32–39.
[>] Williamsburg described: Samuel Chamberlain, Behold Williamsburg, New York: Hastings House, 1947, pp. 3, 9; A. Lawrence Kocher and Howard Dearstyne, Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens, Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg, 1949, pp. 3–17.
[>] Governor's Palace: Instructions to William Bird, Agent for the Colony of Virginia, Williamsburg, VA: 20 November 1718 in CSPCS 1717–1718, No. 808iib, p. 435; Kocher and Dearstyle, pp. 21, 52–55.
[>] Spotswood's land dealings: Lee, pp. 97–99.
[>] Spottswood's other dealings: Address of the House of Burgesses of Virginia to the King, Williamsburg, VA: 20 November 1718 in CSPCS 1717–1718, No. 808iia, p. 434; Instructions to William Bird, pp. 434–435.
[>] Rogers dispatches Hornigold, Cockram: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, p. 376.
[>] Rogers's activities awaiting Hornigold's return, 150 pirates abandon island: Woodes Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 376–377.
284 Hornigold and Vane's activities at Green Turtle Cay: Protest of Captain King, in GHP, pp. 145–146; Deposition of Joseph Aspinwall, in Coldham, pp. 150–151.
[>] Woodall's capture effects pirate morale: Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 376–377.
[>] Capture of pirates at Green Turtle Cay: CO 23/1: Trial & Condemnation of Ten Persons for Piracy at New Providence, Nassau: 10 December 1718; Rogers to the Council of Trade, 31 October 1718, pp. 377–378; Rogers to Secretary Craggs, 24 December 1718.
[>] Council meets to decide prisoners' fate: CO 23/1, No. 18: Private Consultation Minutes, Nassau: 28 November 1718.
[>] Vane, Blackbeard at Ocracoke: GHP, 138; ADM 1/1826: Spotswood to George Gordon, Williamsburg, VA: 24 November 1718; in the letter, Spotswood informs Gordon that "the Pyrats at Okracock have been join'd by some other Pyrat crews, & are increased (as 'tis said) to 170 men."
[>] Spotswood's secrecy, Virginian pirate sympathizers: Spotswood to Lord Carteret, Williamsburg, VA: 14 February 1719 in Brock (1882), p. 274; Spotswood to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Williamsburg, VA: 22 December 1718 in CSPCS 1717–1718, No. 800, pp. 430–432; ADM 1/1472: Ellis Brand to the Admiralty, Whorstead, England: 8 April 1721.
[>] Brand, Gordon meet Spotswood after Howard trial: Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Size of Lyme, Pearl: Lyon, pp. 26, 36.
[>] Bounty for Thatch: Spotswood to Council of Trade, 22 December 1718, p. 432.
[>] Gordon's orders; size, complement of Jane, Ranger: ADM 51/672 p3: entry of 17 November 1718; Abstract of Letter of Robert Maynard to Mr. Symonds of the Phoenix, North Carolina: 17 December 1718 in London Weekly Journal or British Gazette, 25 April 1719, p. 1,339.
[>] Maynard as oldest officer: ADM 1/1826 f2: George Gordon to the Admiralty, Pearl at Carlisle Bay, Jamaica: 10 March 1718.
[>] Edmund Hyde: Abstract of Letter of Robert Maynard to Mr Symonds, p. 1,339; Hyde's full name and rank is found in ADM 33/311: Paybook of the Pearl, where he is listed as "Killed in taking Pirate Teach."
[>] Hour of 17 November departure: Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Edenton (Chowan) area described: Wil
liam Gordon to the secretary, London: 12 May 1709 in Saunders (1886), pp. 711–714; Doyle (1907), pp. 44–47.
[>] Maurice Moore, Edward Moseley: Lee, pp. 157–160.
[>] Brand in Edenton, Bath: Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Maynard at Roanoke, Currituck Sound: Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Blackbeard "fortifying Ocracoke," backed by 170 men: Spotswood to the Council of Trade, 22 December 1718, p. 430; ADM 1/1826: Spotswood to George Gordon, Williamsburg, VA: 24 November 1718.
[>] Maynard arrives at Ocracoke: Ellis Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Blackbeard's travels, Knight's letter, drinking with Oddell: ADM 1/1826 f2: George Gordon to the Admiralty, London: 14 September 1721; Tobias Knight to Edward Thatch, Bath, NC: 17 November 1718 in Saunders (1886), pp. 343–344; GHP, pp. 80, 83.
[>]–296 Account of the battle: Ibid.; Abstract of Letter of Robert Maynard to Mr. Symonds, p. 1,339; "Rhode Island Dispatch, February 20," Boston News-Letter, 2 March 1719, p. 2; GHP, pp. 79–83; Letter of George Gordon to the Admiralty, 14 September 1721; ADM 33/311: Paybook of the Lyme (for identity of slain coxswain Allen Arlington).
296 Goods found by Maynard: Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719; George Gordon to the Admiralty, 14 September 1721.
[>] Blackbeard's severed head, body: Abstract of Letter of Robert Maynard to Mr Symonds, p. 1339; ADM 51/672 p5: Entry of 3 January 1719; Lee, 124.
[>] Maynard comes to Bath: Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719; GHP, p. 83.
[>] Brand on Knight: Brand to the Admiralty, 14 July 1719; Abstract of testimony of Ellis Brand given in Virginia, Saunders (1886), p. 344.
[>] "Memorandum in Tache's pocket book," other evidence: Ibid.
[>] Knight shows Brand stolen goods: Ibid.
[>] Eden turns over slaves, sugar: ADM 1/1472 fii: Brand to the Admiralty, Lyme at Virginia: March 1719; Brand to the Admiralty, 6 February 1719.
[>] Maynard's return to Virginia: ADM 51/672 pt. 5: entry of 3 January 1719.
[>] Head given to Spotswood, hung from pole: Extract of some letters from Virginia, London Weekly Journal or British Gazette, ii April 1719, p. 1,229; Watson (II, 1844), p. 221.
The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down Page 41