Robbins, Michael, ref1
Robertson, Reg, ref1
Robertson, Sir William, ref1
Robinson, Heath, ref1
Robson, Steve, ref1
Rochester, ref1
Rocket, ref1, ref2
rolling stock companies (roscos), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Rolt, L. T. C., ref1
Romans, ref1, ref2
Rosslare, ref1
rostering, flexible, ref1
rotten boroughs, ref1
Rouen, ref1
Roulette, ref1
Royal Commission on Metropolis Railway Termini, ref1, ref2, ref3
Royal Engineers, ref1
Royal George, ref1
Royal Greenwich Observatory, ref1
Royal Scots, ref1
royal trains, ref1
Rugby, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
rugby specials, ref1
Runcorn, ref1
running rights, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Russia, ref1, ref2, ref3
Ryde, ref1
Saatchi & Saatchi, ref1
safety, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; train protection systems, ref10, ref11; under Big Four, ref12; under BR, ref13, ref14; under privatization, ref15, ref16; legislation, ref17; see also accidents
sails, ref1
St Helens, ref1, ref2, ref3
St Mary Cray, ref1
St Mungo, ref1
St Pancras station, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; construction, ref8; Gothic grandeur, ref9, ref10; Midland Grand Hotel, ref11; undercroft, ref12; bombed, ref13; compared with Euston, ref14; see also Bedford–St Pancras line
St Patrick (liner), ref1
Salford, ref1
Salisbury, ref1, ref2; accident, ref3
Salisbury Plain, ref1
Salmon, Roger, ref1
Sampson, Anthony, ref1
Sandars, Joseph, ref1, ref2
Sandwich, ref1
Sandy Lodge (Moor Park) station, ref1
Sankey viaduct, ref1, ref2
Sans Pareil, ref1
Saturday-only services, ref1
Save Our Railways, ref1
Saville, Jimmy, ref1
Scapa Flow, ref1
Scarborough, ref1
Schull & Skibbereen Railway, ref1
Schwarzenberg, Prince von, ref1
Scotland, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; railway network, ref9, ref10; connection with England, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; and Settle & Carlisle line, ref16, ref17; labour conflict, ref18; and amalgamation, ref19, ref20; air service, ref21; branch lines, ref22
Scotrail, ref1
Scots Fusiliers, ref1
Scotsman, ref1
Scott, Sir George Gilbert, ref1
Scott, Jane, ref1
Scott, John, ref1
Scottish Region, ref1, ref2
seaside holidays, ref1
Sebastopol, fall of, ref1
Second World War, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; impact on railways, ref7; legacy for railways, ref8, ref9
Sefton, Lord, ref1, ref2, ref3
Selby, ref1
Selsey, ref1
Serpell, Sir David, ref1, ref2
Settle & Carlisle line, ref1, ref2, ref3; cost, ref4; death toll, ref5
Severn tunnel, ref1, ref2
Shanklin, ref1
Shap, ref1
Sharland, Charles, ref1
sheep, ref1, ref2
Sheffield, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, ref1
Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway, ref1
Shenfield, ref1, ref2
Shepperton, ref1
Shepton Mallet, ref1
ships, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; see also liners; steamships
Short, Clare, ref1
Shrewsbury, ref1
Shrewsbury & Chester Railway, ref1, ref2
Shropshire, ref1, ref2, ref3
signalling, ref1, ref2, ref3; and accidents, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; interlocking, ref8, ref9; and high-speed trains, ref10, ref11; radio, ref12, ref13, ref14
signals passed at danger (SPADs), ref1
Silver Jubilee, ref1
Simmons, Jack, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; on Watkin, ref7, ref8; on Big Four, ref9
Skerne, river, ref1
Skibbereen, ref1
Skipton, ref1
Skye, ref1
slave trade, ref1
Sleaford, ref1
sleeper services, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
sleepers, ref1, ref2, ref3
Slesser, Sir Henry, ref1
Slough, ref1
smallpox, ref1
Smith, Adam, ref1
Smith, Delia, ref1
Smithfield, ref1
Snailbeach District Railway, ref1
‘snow, wrong type of’, ref1
Snow Hill station, ref1
Snowdon, ref1
Soham, ref1
Somers Town, ref1
Somerset & Dorset line, ref1, ref2, ref3
Somersetshire Midland Railway, ref1
Sonning, ref1
Souter, Brian, ref1
South Africa, ref1
South America, ref1
South Croydon accident, ref1
South Devon Railway, ref1, ref2
South Eastern & Chatham Railway, ref1, ref2, ref3; and amalgamation, ref4, ref5, ref6
South Eastern Railway, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; Staplehurst accident, ref9; and Great Central Railway, ref10; electrification, ref11
South Kensington station, ref1
South Korea, ref1
South Sea Bubble, ref1, ref2
South West Trains, ref1, ref2
Southall, ref1; accident, ref2, ref3
Southampton, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; and wartime, ref5, ref6
Southampton & Dorchester Railway, ref1
Southampton Docks, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Southend, ref1, ref2
Southern Railway, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; formation of, ref5; electrification, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; commuter base, ref10; public relations, ref11; profitability, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; standardized running times, ref16; livery, ref17; food and drink, ref18; service improvements, ref19; platform lighting, ref20; and wartime, ref21, ref22, ref23; and diesels, ref24
Southern Region, ref1, ref2, ref3
Southgate, ref1
Southport Chapel Street station, ref1
Spain, ref1, ref2
‘sparks effect’, ref1, ref2
‘Special Scotch Express’, ref1
specials, ref1, ref2, ref3
Spence, Elizabeth Isabella, ref1
Stafford, Marquess of, ref1
Stafford, ref1
Staffordshire, ref1
Stagecoach, ref1, ref2
stagecoaches, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; heyday of, ref6; journey times, ref7, ref8, ref9; decline of, ref10; train connections, ref11
Stamp, Joshua, ref1, ref2
standard gauge, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; half-standard gauge, ref9; see also broad gauge
Stanier, William, ref1
Stanley, Albert, ref1, ref2
Stanley Junction, ref1
Staplehurst accident, ref1
stations, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; private, ref5, ref6; closures, ref7, ref8, ref9; refurbishment, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13; lighting, ref14; platform edges, ref15; numbers of, ref16; reopened, ref17; platform extensions, ref18
Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, ref1
steam, high-pressure, ref1
Steam Horse, ref1
steamships, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Stephens, Colonel Holman Fred, ref1, ref2
Stephenson, George, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; and standard gauge, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11; reputation, ref12; and Liverpool & Manchester Railway, ref13, ref14,
ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19; salary, ref20; described by Fanny Kemble, ref21; and Midland railways, ref22, ref23, ref24; Tyne bridge, ref25
Stephenson, Robert, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; and London & Birmingham Railway, ref6, ref7; bridge collapses, ref8
Stirlingshire, ref1
stock exchanges, ref1, ref2
Stockport, ref1
Stockton, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Stockton & Darlington Railway, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10; origins and building, ref11; gauge, ref12, ref13; horses on, ref14, ref15; opening, ref16, ref17, ref18; passenger services, ref19; economics, ref20; single track, ref21, ref22; turnpike system, ref23, ref24; dividends, ref25; carriages, ref26; amalgamation, ref27; workmen’s trains, ref28
Stoke, ref1
Strategic Rail Authority, ref1, ref2, ref3
Stratford & Moreton Railway, ref1, ref2
Stratford-on-Avon & Midland Junction Railway, ref1
Stratford-upon-Avon, ref1, ref2
Strathmore, Earl of, ref1
strikes, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; and wartime, ref5, ref6; post-war, ref7; General Strike, ref8; under BR, ref9, ref10
Stromeferry, ref1
Strood, ref1, ref2
Submarine Railway Company, ref1
subsidies, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
suburbs, ref1, ref2, ref3; and electrification, ref4, ref5
suffragettes, ref1
Sunday services, ref1, ref2
Sunderland, ref1
suppliers, to railways, ref1
Surbiton, ref1
Surrey, ref1, ref2, ref3
Surrey Iron Railway, ref1, ref2
Sussex, ref1
Sutherland, Duke of, ref1
Swannington, ref1
Swansea, ref1, ref2
Swansea & Mumbles Railway, ref1
Swindon, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; railway hotel, ref8; workshops, ref9, ref10, ref11
Swiss Cottage, ref1
Szlumper, Gilbert S., ref1
Taff Vale Railway, ref1
Taiwan, ref1
Taunton, ref1
Tay Bridge, ref1
Tebay, ref1
Tees, river, ref1
telephones, ref1, ref2
Telford, Thomas, ref1
Telford, Tony, ref1
Templecombe, ref1
tenders, corridor, ref1
Territorial Army, ref1
TGV Est, ref1
Thames, river, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; boat services, ref5; tunnel, ref6
Thames & Medway Canal Company, ref1
Thatcher, Margaret, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Thomas, David St John, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Thomas, Jimmy, ref1, ref2
Thurso, ref1, ref2, ref3
tickets, ref1, ref2; seat reservations, ref3; through booking, ref4; standardization of, ref5; season, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; hunters’, ref10; interchangeable, ref11; concessions scrapped, ref12; excursion and tourist, ref13, ref14; cheap day, ref15; and privatization, ref16
Tilling, ref1
tilting trains, ref1
time, standardization of, ref1
Times, The, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
timetables, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; and accidents, ref7, ref8; and railway races, ref9; summer, ref10; wartime, ref11, ref12; pre-war, ref13, ref14, ref15; standardized running times, ref16, ref17; and high-speed trains, ref18; under privatization, ref19; working, ref20
Tinsley, James, ref1
Tiptree, ref1
toilet breaks, ref1, ref2, ref3
Tonbridge, ref1, ref2
Torquay, ref1, ref2
Torr, Cecil, ref1
Tottenham, ref1
TPOs, ref1
Trades Union Congress, ref1, ref2
traffic management, ref1
train paths, ref1
Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS), ref1, ref2
trainspotting, ref1, ref2, ref3
trams, ref1, ref2, ref3
‘tramways’, ref1
Transport Acts, ref1, ref2
travel agents, ref1
travelcards, ref1
Travellers Fare, ref1
Trent Valley Railway, ref1, ref2
trespassers, ref1
Trevithick, Richard, ref1, ref2, ref3
troop trains, see military trains
tunnels, ref1, ref2
Turkey, ref1
turkey specials, ref1
turnpikes, ref1, ref2, ref3
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change, ref1
Tyne, river, ref1
Tyne Mercury, ref1
Tyneside, ref1
typists, travelling, ref1
U-boats, ref1
Ufton Nervet accident, ref1
unions, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; and wartime, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; and women’s employment, ref9, ref10, ref11; post-war position, ref12; and nationalization, ref13; and General Strike, ref14; opposition to closures, ref15; under BR, ref16, ref17
United Pointsmen and Signalmen, ref1
United States of America, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Unwin, Philip, ref1, ref2, ref3
Usk valley, ref1
Vaughan, Adrian, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Vauxhall Bridge station, ref1
Verney Junction, ref1
Versailles, ref1, ref2
Victoria, Queen, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Victoria station, ref1, ref2, ref3
Vienna, ref1
Vignoles, Charles, ref1, ref2
Virgin Trains, ref1, ref2
Voyager trains, ref1
Waddington, David, ref1
Wadebridge, ref1
wagon ways, ref1, ref2, ref3
Wales, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; iron works, ref8; railway network, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12; coal, ref13, ref14, ref15; and amalgamation, ref16, ref17; branch line, ref18, ref19
Walker, Sir Herbert, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Walsall, ref1
Walthamstow, ref1
Wandle valley, ref1
Wandsworth, ref1
War Department railways, ref1
Warburton, Ivor, ref1
Ware, ref1
Ware, Hadham & Buntingford Railway, ref1
Wareham, ref1
Warrenpoint, ref1
Warrington, ref1, ref2
Warrington & Newton Railway, ref1
Washington DC, ref1
water troughs, ref1
Waterloo & City Railway, ref1
Waterloo Necropolis station, ref1
Waterloo station, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Watford, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Watkin, Edward, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; and Great Central Railway, ref8; character, ref9, ref10; and Channel Tunnel, ref11
Watt, James, ref1
Watt, James (son), ref1, ref2
wayleave, ref1
Wear, river, ref1
Weaver, river, ref1
Wellington, Duke of, ref1
Welshpool, ref1
Welwyn Garden City, ref1
Wembley, ref1, ref2
West Coast main line, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; and railway races, ref10, ref11; and accidents, ref12, ref13; expresses, ref14, ref15; electrification, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20; work stops, ref21; tilting trains, ref22; and privatization, ref23
West End & Crystal Palace Railway, ref1
West Highland Railway, ref1
West Indies, ref1
‘West of England Express’, ref1
Western Region, ref1, ref2, ref3
Westinghouse, George, ref1
Weston, Clevedon & Portishead Railway, ref1
Weston-super-Mare, ref1
Weymouth, ref1, ref2
wheels, flanged, ref1, ref2; cogged, ref3; steel tyres, ref4
whistles, steam, ref1
Whitelaw, William, ref1
Whiteley, William, ref1
Whitstable, ref1
Wick, ref1, ref2
Wigan, ref1; Wallgate station, ref2
Wilkinson, Norman, ref1
Willetts, David, ref1
Wilson, Harold, ref1, ref2
Windsor, ref1, ref2
Wisonsin Central, ref1
Wojtczak, Helena, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Woking, ref1
Wolverhampton, ref1, ref2
Wolverton, ref1
Wood Green, ref1
Woodhead tunnel, ref1, ref2
Woolwich, ref1
workmen’s trains, ref1, ref2
Worrall, Terry, ref1
Wright brothers, ref1
Wylam, ref1
Yarmouth, ref1
Yelverton, ref1, ref2
Yeovil, ref1, ref2
York, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; London services, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14; and electrification, ref15
York & North Midland Railway, ref1, ref2, ref3
York, Newcastle & Berwick Railway, ref1, ref2
Yorkshire, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; coal, ref6, ref7, ref8
Ypres, ref1
Zeppelins, ref1
LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
1. The railway network in Great Britain in 1851.
2. The railway network in north-east England in 1907.
3. The railway network in north-east Scotland in 1947 and 2007.
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Lithograph commemorating the opening of the Stockton & Darlington Railway, 1825. National Railway Museum.
2. The opening of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, 1830. National Railway Museum.
3. ‘The Pleasures of the Rail-Road’, 1831. National Railway Museum.
4. Caricature of John Bull, 1836. Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
5. Railway carriage classes, 1837. Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
6. Ladies ticket, 1840. National Railway Museum.
7. Open carriages crossing the Bridgwater Canal, 1830s. Milepost 92½.
8. Bristol Temple Meads station, 1846. Milepost 92½.
9. ‘Battle of the Gauges’, 1846. Milepost 92½.
10. ‘Unemployed Horses’, c. 1850. Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
11. Brunel and Stephenson, 1857. National Railway Museum.
12. Primrose Hill Tunnel, c. 1840. Milepost 92½.
13. Construction of St Pancras, 1868. Milepost 92½.
14. Tay Bridge disaster, 1879. Milepost 92½.
15. Construction of the Forth Railway Bridge, 1880s. G. W. Wilson Collection, Aberdeen Library.
16. ‘Modern Advertising’, 1874. Milepost 92½.
17. Wealthy rail passengers, 1876. National Railway Museum.
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