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GLOSSARY
AA: antiaircraft.
AAF: (U.S.) Army Air Forces.
Abaft: toward the stern of a boat or ship.
Adressbuch: a I ‘-boat code book for disguising grid (Marinequadrat) positions on an ocean chart in radio (wireless) transmissions.
aft: rearward, or toward the stern of a vessel.
air gap: the mid-Atlantic region that, until spring 1943, was not covered by British and American ASW aircraft.
Alarm!: order for an emergency dive by a U-boat, corresponding to U.S. Navy submarine usage, “Dive! Dive!”
bangle-on-the-bow: the difference between the U-boat’s line of sight and the heading of its target.
Armed Guard: a U.S. Navy gun crew stationed aboard a merchant freighter or tanker.
ASDIC: an acronym standing for Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee (British), commonly used to describe the apparatus housed in a dome on the underside of an antisubmarine vessel’s hull, which sent out sound waves in pulses that, striking an underwater object such as a U-boat, returned a signal that gave the range and bearing (and after 1944 the depth) of the object. See sonar.
ASV: airborne microwave (10- and 3-cm) radar.
ASW: antisubmarine warfare.
“AufGefechtsstationen!”: “Battle stations!”
baila” tankt: tanks outside the pressure hull of a U-boat which, when flooded with water, enabled the boat to dive.
B-Dienst (Funkbeobachtungsdienst): the German radio-monitoring and cryptographic service.
BdU (Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote): Commander in Chief, U-boats. Though specifically denoting Admiral Karl Dönitz, the abbreviation was also commonly used to identify the Admiral’s staff or headquarters.
bee: (Biene in German) U-boat nickname for aircraft.
Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote: Commander in Chief, U-Boats. See BdU.
Biscay, Bay of: a bay of the Atlantic Ocean between northwestern France and northern Spain.
Bletchley Park: a mansion in Buckinghamshire, northwest of London, officially called Government Code and Cipher School and secretly called Station X, where cryptanalysts attacked intercepts of German wireless (radio) traffic.
bombe: word used to describe the electromechanical scanning machine constructed from a series of Enigmas yoked together at Bletchley Park.
Bootskanone (also Bordkanone): the deck gun, or artillery piece, carried forward on a U-boat.
bow: the forward end of a vessel.
bows: the forward exterior hull of a vessel, sloping back from the stem.
BP: Bletchley Park (q.v.).
Bridge: the raised structure from which a power vessel on the surface is navigated.
bulkhead: a wall-like structure inside seagoing vessels used to subdivide space, form watertight compartments, or strengthen the interior framing.
bunkers: on a U-boat, the exterior tanks that contained diesel fuel. capital ship: a term used throughout World War II to define the most significant warships in a fleet.
CINCLANT: Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet.
cipher: basically, a secret system of communication that substitutes letters for letters (see code).
cloud cover: the presence of clouds was recorded in a U-boat’s KTB on an ascending scale from zero to ten.
code: basically, a secret system of communication that substitutes ideas for ideas (see cipher).
COMINCH: Commander in Chief, United States Fleet.
conn: as a noun, steering responsibility for a boat or ship, or (as a verb) the act of steering or maneuvering. Also spelled con.
conning tower (Kommandoturm): the low observation tower of a U-boat, containing the helmsman’s steering controls and topped by an open bridge. In Type IX U-boats the tower also contained the attack periscope eyepiece and the torpedo deflection calculator.
control room: see Zentrale.
convoy: an organized formation of merchant ships in disciplined columns escorted by warships.
crash dive: U.S. Navy term for an emergency dive by a submarine (U-boat).
cry ptanaly sis: the process of “breaking” (solving) a code or cipher by uncovering its key.
cryptography: the science or study of code and cipher systems employed for secret communication.
CSF: Caribbean Sea Frontier (U.S. Navy).
DD: U.S. Navy abbreviation for the destroyer-class ship.
DE: destroyer escort-class ship.
deckhouse: an enclosed structure raised above the weather deck of a vessel.
decrypt: a deciphered or decoded message.
diesel: the compression-ignition type engine used on U-boats; also the combustible petroleum distillate used as fuel.
DR: dead reckoping, the calculation of one’s position at sea based on course, speed, and elapsed time since the last observed position, taking into account currents, winds, and compass declinations.
Dräger Tauchretter, a U-boat crewman’s personal underwater escape apparatus (Dräger was the name of the manufacturer).
eel: in German aal, a U-boat nickname for torpedo.
Einbaum: literally “dugout canoe,” a nickname for the small, coastal-training U-boat Type IID.
Eins Zwei Drei: 123.
E-Maschinen: electric motors (E motors).
E motors: battery-powered electric motors on a U-boat.
encryption: an enciphered or encoded message (see cipher and code).
Enigma: another name for the Schlüssel M cipher machine. The term was also used to denote the machine’s encrypted product.
ESF: Eastern Sea Frontier (U.S. Navy).
ETO: G7e (electric) torpedo.
F-21: the U.S. Navy Atlantic Section, Intelligence Center, first called OP-20-G, at Main Navy; an exact clone of the OIC Submarine Tracking Room of the British Admiralty, it began operations in spring 1942.
Fächerschuss: a simultaneous spread, or fan, launch of two or more torpedoes.
Fähnrich zur See: Midshipman.
Fangschuss: a finishing shot, or coup de grace.
fathom: six feet or 1.829 meters.
Feindfahrt: operational patrol.
5ND: Fifth Naval District (U.S. Navy).
500-tonner: Type VII U-boat.
; flag officer: a naval officer holding rank higher than captain, for example, rear admiral, who is entitled to display a flag bearing the insignia of his or her rank.
flank: the extreme right or left side.
flotilla: a small fleet of small vessels.
Flugboot: German term for a flying-boat aircraft, such as the British Sunderland or the U.S. PBY-Catalina. fore: forward, or toward the bow of a vessel.
Fregattenkapitän: Captain (junior).
Frontboot: a U-boat at sea that has crossed into an operational area.
FT.: see Funk-Telegraphie.
Funk-Telegraphie (FT.): German term for Wireless Telegraphy (W/T) generally; for a wireless (radio) transmitter/receiver specifically. The abbreviated form F.T. was used to denote a wireless message.
Funker. German Navy radioman (wireless operator).
G7a: torpedo with a 380-km warhead driven by a compressed air-steam propulsion system.
G7e: electric (battery-driven) torpedo, the more commonly used German torpedo in 1942. The seven-meter-long weapon, sometimes designated T-2, had a speed of thirty knots, a range of five thousand meters, and (its principal advantage) it left no wake. The warhead weighed five hundred kilograms.
Geheime Kommandosache: “top secret.”
general quarters: on U.S. Navy vessels, a call to action stations and battle readiness.
Great Circle: the shortest route, or track, following the arc of the earth’s surface and appearing as a curved line on a Mercator chart of the oceans.
green: starboard (Steuerbord), that is, right (U-boat usage).
gripes: the canvas bands and fastenings that secure a lifeboat in its cradle.
Gröner. the merchant fleet handbook, with silhouettes of all known freighters
and tankers of all nations, compiled by German nautical authority
Erich Gröner.
Grossadmiral: grand admiral, corresponding to fleet admiral (U.S. Navy) or admiral of the fleet (Royal Navy).
gross register tonnage: the measurement of all the enclosed spaces in a ship expressed in hundreds of cubic feet. (See chapter 2, n. 5.)
CRT: see gross register tonnage.
Gruppe: literally, “group”; a patrol lineoroperationof U-boats usually given a particular name, for example, Gruppe Schlagetot (Hacker) or Paukenschlag (Drumbeat).
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