4. Gunn, Brandon, 4.
5. The Chronicle, 512; LP I i, 381/18, 19, 76.
6. The Chronicle, 513–14; LP I ii, pp. 1490–2.
7. N. H. Nicolas, ed., Testmenta Vetusta, 2 vols (1826) II, 496–7; OxfordDNB, ‘Guildford’.
8. PPE Elizabeth of York, 52, 99 and 199n.; LP I iii, Preface to 1st edition, p. xl; III i, 228.
9. TNA: LC2/1/1, fos. 73–4.
10. The Chronicle, 516–17; LP I i, 698; I ii, pp. 1490, 1494, 1496, 1497.
11. See above, pp. 221–23.
12. The Chronicle, 510–12; Gunn, Brandon, 6.
13. CSP Sp. II, 45.
14. LP I i, 467; I ii, appendix 9; The Chronicle, 515.
15. The Chronicle, 515–16; LP I iii, p. 225, index ‘Heulle’.
16. The Chronicle, 515–16. Hall assigns these events to the autumn and the end of the summer progress. However, the king’s itinerary (TNA: OBS 1419) makes clear that the removal from Greenwich to the Tower took place at the beginning of the progress. Hence the dating assigned in the text.
CHAPTER 26: WOLSEY
1. The Chronicle, 515.
2. Siemens, Lyrics of Henry VIII.
3. LP I i, 442, 520, 546/27, 31.
4. LP I i, 546/42.
5. Vergil B, xiii–xvii.
6. Ibid., 152–3.
7. OxfordDNB, ‘Wolsey’.
8. Vergil B, 194–5; CSP Sp. II, 44 (p. 42); LP I i, p. xiv.
9. Hughes and Larkin, Tudor Royal Proclamations I, plate 2; Vergil B, 195–6; Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS 2655, fo. 8v. I owe this transcription to the kindness of John Guy.
10. Vergil B, 196.
11. Loc. cit.
12. R. S. Silvester and D. P. Harding, eds, Two Early Tudor Lives (New Haven and London, 1962), 12.
13. LP I i, 784/44.
INDEX
H indicates Henry VIII.
Abergavenny, George Neville, 3rd baron of 218, 304, 322
Alcock, John, bishop of Worcester 47–50
André, Bernard 39, 40, 41, 67, 122, 123, 124, 179, 227–32, 236, 246, 348
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Anglica Historia (Vergil) 362–3, 371
Annals (André) 227–31
Anne, queen 287
Antoine of Burgundy 152, 153
Argentine, Dr 66
Armagil, Saint 205
Arthur, king 41, 42, 210, 301, 357
Arthur, prince of Wales, elder brother of H: appearance 134; birth 39–41; christening 42–4, 52, 56; death 101, 164–6, 167, 172, 173, 174, 175, 188, 188, 191; education 122–3, 124, 130, 173–4, 179, 188; finances 101; H, relationship with 67; Henry VII, identified with 116–17, 134; household 46–7, 56, 64, 65–6, 73, 173–4, 281, 307–8, 339; intellect 135; house of Lancaster and 134; love life 135; marriage 136, 138–47, 152, 158, 164, 165–6, 184, 189, 281, 290, 339; nursery 46–7, 56, 60, 62; parents’ love for 72–3; portrait of 134; prince of Wales, created 57, 62, 88; public manner 135; regency during Henry VII’s campaign in France, 1492 65; upbringing 46–7, 56, 64, 65–6, 73, 114, 116, 134–5, 164–6
Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) (king Henry VIII) 7
Bailey, Elizabeth 173
Barnet, battle of 27 battles see under individual name of battle
Beaufort, Lady Margaret 1, 55, 160, 167; ancestry 19–20; appearance 134, 186; Arthur, prince of Wales, resemblance to 134; character 53, 69; Coldharbour town-house 114, 332; coronation, role in H’s 296; death 296; gives birth to Henry Tudor 19–20; godmother to Princess Margaret Tudor 58, 69; H restores Woking to 273; H’s endowment of land, opinion on 157–8; H’s creation as duke of York, role in ceremony 93; Henry VII’s illness and death, reaction to 235, 255, 261; Margaret Pole and 306–7; Sir Henry Marney and 271; marriage to Edmund Tudor 21; matriarch of Henry VII’s court 53; notes arrival of Catherine of Aragon in England 141; notes birth of Arthur, prince of Wales 42; notes H’s birth 13–14; Pembroke, takes refuge in 19, 28; plots marriage of son and Elizabeth of York 32; third marriage to Thomas, Lord Stanley 32, 37; tight-fistedness 244
Becket, St Thomas 7, 292
Belknap, Edward 246–7, 250
Billard, Blasius 316
Blackheath, battle of 116, 260
Blanche, duchess of Lancaster 20
Blount, James 176
Boleyn, Anne 1, 218
Bosworth, battle of 8, 17, 36–7, 41, 44, 50, 55, 78, 105, 109, 139, 225, 368
Brandon House, Southwark see London
Brandon, Charles 173, 223, 224–5, 233, 349–50, 352, 353, 354
Brandon, Sir Thomas 96, 208, 225, 274, 289, 348, 349, 351, 325
Brandon, William 225
Brittany 27–8, 33, 34–5, 44, 50, 53, 77, 88, 109
Browne, Anne 225, 354
Browne, Lady Lucy 194–5, 225
Browne, Sir Anthony 194–5, 225
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, 3rd duke of 152, 196, 231, 258–9, 288, 289, 304
Buckingham, Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of 109
Burbage, Cecily 64
Burgh, Sir Edward 149
Burgundy 26, 28, 77, 151–2, 153, 216, 248
Butler, Agnes 47
Bywymble, Alice 63
Caerleon, Dr Lewis 32
Calais, Castle of 157, 194, 304, 305
Cambridge University 1–2, 48, 176
Camelot 41, 357
Canterbury, archbishopric of 47, 92, 157, 158–61 see also under individual archbishop’s name
Canterbury Cathedral 333, 335, 340
Cardinal’s Hat, The see London
Caroz, Luis 334–5, 337, 339, 340, 354, 355
Catherine of Aragon, queen 168; Anne Stafford, H’s rumoured affair with, reaction to 337, 338–9; Arthur, prince of Wales’s death and 165–6; Arthur, prince of Wales, marriage to 138, 139, 140, 141–7, 152, 154, 165–6, 190, 214; chamberlain 219; coronation of H, role in 286, 287, 289–90, 294, 295; emblem 199–200; first child 340–5; first pregnancy and miscarriage 329–31, 339; H, first summer progress with 329; H, gifts from 278; H, sex life with 334, 337; H’s council negotiates over marriage with 277–81; H’s love for 317, 327–8, 331, 335, 343, 344; Henry VII negotiates for H to marry 189–92, 208; infertility, rumours of 335; Margaret Pole and 307, 308; marriage to H 189–92, 199–200, 208, 240, 253, 270, 277–8, 280, 281, 286, 291; Philip of Burgundy’s visit to England and 209, 212, 213; Queen Juana and 212, 213; second pregnancy 340; second pregnancy, false diagnosis of 331–7
Catherine of France, queen 19, 20
Cavendish, George 362
Cecily, Lady 45, 119, 146
Chace, Jane 173
Charles I, king 3–4
Charles V, emperor 137, 246, 248–9
Charles VI of France, king 21
Charles VIII of France, king 35, 75, 76, 77, 80
Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy 26, 77, 79, 104, 153, 248
Chronicle, The (Hall) 320, 321, 322, 323, 346–7, 355
Cinque Ports 79, 94, 112, 289
City of God (St Augustine) 124
City of London see London
Clarence, George Plantagenet, duke of 29, 74, 82, 306
Clifford, Sir Henry 287, 304
Clifford, Sir Robert 98
Codnor Castle 101, 157
Codnor, Henry, Lord Grey of 101, 157
Coldharbour, The see London
Colet, John 177
Compton, Edmund 318
Compton, William: attempts to woo Ann Stafford on H’s behalf 337, 338, 339; father, death of 317–18; groom of the stool 318; H’s household, joins 318–19; H’s powers of patronage and 319; privy chamber, leading member of H’s 318–19, 324–5; privy purse 320; receives land revenues on behalf of H 319; receives money for letters patent on H’s behalf 319; Richmond joust, 12 January 1510, arranges H’s participation in 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 349; Wolsey and 369
Con
stance of Castile 328
Cornish rebellion 8, 114–16, 260, 332
Cornish, William 167, 294
Cotton, Sir Roger 109–10
Courtenay (née Plantagenet),
Catherine 108, 306, 309–10, 312
Courtenay, Edward see Devon, Edward Courtenay, earl of
Courtenay, Lord Edward 109
Courtenay, Lord Henry 109
Courtenay, Lord William see Devon, Lord William, earl of
Courtenay, Margaret 109
Courtenay, Peter, bishop of Exeter 49–50, 51, 55, 109
‘court of claims’ 286
Curzon, Sir Robert 96, 154, 317
Dacre, Lord 304, 314
Darcy, Lady Elizabeth 46, 47, 51, 67, 68
Darcy, Sir Robert 46
Darcy, Thomas, Lord 271–2, 273, 274, 276, 314
Daubeney, Giles, Lord 195
Davy, Alice 63
De astrorum vi fatali (Parron) 160–1
de Heulle, Sir Guyot 356
de la Pole family 54, 148–57, 193–6, 216–18, 258, 304, 306, 317
de la Pole, Edmund see Suffolk, Edmund de la Pole, 3rd earl of
de la Pole, John see Suffolk, John de la Pole, 2nd duke of and Lincoln, John de la Pole, 1st earl of
de la Pole, Sir Richard 154, 258
de la Pole, William 156, 258, 317
De Puebla, Roderigo Gonzalva 139–41, 148, 226, 235
Deane, Henry, archbishop of Canterbury 161, 169, 364
Denton, Elizabeth 68, 71, 331–2
Denys, Hugh 241, 243, 244, 245–6, 247, 250, 252
Devon, Edward Courtenay, 1st earl of 108, 109, 155, 310
Devon, William Courtenay, 2nd earl of 108, 152, 153, 155, 156–7, 168, 304–5, 309, 310–12
Digby, Benjamin 12
Dorset, Thomas Grey, 1st marquess of 34, 91, 93, 155
Dorset, Thomas Grey, 2nd marquess of 155, 156, 304, 354
Draughton, Margaret 59
Dudley, Edmund 197, 245, 256, 258, 259, 261, 264, 301, 354
Durham House see London
Duwes, Giles 180
Edmund, duke of York (son of Edward III) 22
Edward III, king 22, 23, 82, 225
Edward IV, king: Alcock and 48–9; appearance 22–3, 26, 40, 68–9, 305; books 180; daughters 16, 107, 109, 115, 119, 132, 309, 312; death 29; duke of York, title of 82; earl of Lincoln and 54; Eltham 68–9, 83, 132; exile 24; H’s resemblance to 83, 305; Henry Tudor and 28; Henry VI, murders 27; household 31, 32; imprisons earl of Oxford 44; invades England and regains crown from Henry VI 27; invades France 65; John Howard and 106; marriage 23, 27; personality 22–3; second reign 29; sons 27, 41, 45, 65, 82, 106, 312; Tewkesbury, battle of 27; tournaments 81, 152, 153; wins throne 22
Edward V, king 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 49, 66, 73
Edward VI, king 72
Eleanor of Austria (daughter of Philip of Castile) 137
Elizabeth I, queen 3, 359
Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII (H’s mother) 115, 213, 268; appearance 18; Arthur, prince of Wales’s death, reaction to 164–5, 166; Arthur, prince of Wales’s upbringing and 55; birth 23; birth of first son 40–3; birth of H 11, 14; Catherine Courtenay (sister) and 309; Catherine Tudor, gives birth to 166–7, 168; childhood 25, 45; Cornish rebellion, seeks refuge from 114, 115, 332; daughter Elizabeth’s death, reaction to 69–70; death and funeral 168–71, 174, 189; earl of Suffolk and 151; Edmund Tudor, gives birth to 71; education 119–20; fondness for finer things in life 197–8; given mother’s lands 53; H learns to read and write from 118–20, 170, 176; H, relationship with 83, 117, 118–20, 169–70, 176; handover of brother, Prince Richard, to Richard III, reaction to 31; handwriting 118–20; health 45; introduced to Richard III’s court 33; loving parent 72–3; Margaret Tudor, gives birth to 57–8; Margaret Tudor’s wedding and 163; marriage 8, 18, 31–3, 38, 39, 139; marriage of Lord William Courtenay and Catherine Plantagenet, role in 108; marriage of Thomas Howard and Anne Plantagenet, role in 105, 106; Mary Tudor, gives birth to 70; mother, relationship with 63–4; piety 117, 197–8, 203; pilgrimage to Our Lady of Walsingham, Norfolk 117, 197–8; ‘readeption’ of Henry VI and 25; seeks sanctuary from Richard, duke of Gloucester 30; seeks refuge from Yorkist rebels at Farnham 55; upbringing of children, involvement in 62–3, 67, 68, 72, 83; Warbeck invasion of England, seeks refuge from 115, 117; Yorkist family ancestry 16, 18, 19, 21–3, 25, 151, 156
Eltham Palace, Kent 87, 88, 90, 98, 100, 103, 105, 110, 116, 125, 129, 135, 173, 177, 228, 236, 342
Elton, Geoffrey 1, 2
Empson, Sir Richard 245–6, 252, 256, 258, 259, 261, 264, 271, 301, 303
English Noble Household, The (Mertz) 102
Erasmus, Desiderius: correspondence with H 130–2, 134, 169–70, 220–1, 242; describes H’s nursery 129–30; Lady Jane Guildford and 351; Latin style 170, 178–9, 181; letter from H on death of his mother, Elizabeth of York 169–70; letter from H on death of Philip of Burgundy 220–1; Lucian translations 242–3; meets H 129–30; More and 182; Mountjoy and 177, 178, 179, 182, 242, 243, 283, 285; pilgrimage to Our Lady of Walsingham, Norfolk 341–2; Skelton and 131, 178, 179
Essex, Henry Bourchier, 2nd earl of 152, 153, 155, 156, 225, 350
Ewelme, Oxfordshire 149
Falconer, Richard 316
Falkland Palace, Scotland 113
Farnham Castle, Surrey 51–2, 55, 56, 62, 114, 165, 329
Ferdinand of Aragon, king 138, 139, 141, 190, 191, 248, 253, 280, 281, 317, 323, 327–8, 329–30, 336
Fisher, William 102
Fitzjames, Richard, bishop of Rochester 163, 169
Fitzwalter, John Ratcliffe, Lord 78, 98–9
Fitzwalter, Robert Ratcliffe, Lord 337, 338
Foxe, Richard, bishop of Winchester 325, 352; bishop of Winchester 243, 274, 362; christens H 11, 12, 13; Compton and 324, 325; entertains Philip of Burgundy 208; finances 363; lord privy seal 11, 208, 243, 261, 274, 276, 279, 286, 362; negotiates H’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon 279–80, 281; as a satisfied power 363; Surrey and 324, 325, 362–3, 365; Wolsey and 364, 365, 366
France: Henry V attempts to conquer 20–1, 289; Henry VII’s war with, 1492 64–8, 73, 77, 80
Francis II, king 28, 34, 35
Fuensalida, Gutierre Gomez de 138, 231, 232, 239–40, 260, 264–5, 277, 278, 279–80
Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell, The (Skelton) 120–1, 124–5
Gibbs, Catherine 46, 51
Gibson, Richard 323
Gloucester, Richard, duke of see Richard III, king
Golden Tree (tournament), 1468 153
Gordon, Lady Catherine 113
Gould, William 25
Gower, Margery 63, 173
Great Chronicle of London 87, 346, 372
great councils 52, 53, 54, 95, 301–4
Green, Sir Thomas 218
Greenwich Palace, Kent 51, 54, 63, 98, 185, 218, 228–9, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 247, 249, 250, 273, 275, 282, 283, 287, 306, 310, 312, 315, 330, 333, 334, 337, 338, 356; Catherine of Aragon falls pregnant at 329, 330; Elizabeth of York’s favourite residence 68; H born at 11, 14, 68, 104; H’s coronation and 287; H marries Catherine of Aragon at 275, 329; H’s christening ceremony takes place within 45, 61; H’s favourite residence 275
Grey, Sir Richard 354
Guildford, Sir Henry 173, 252, 351–2, 356
Guildford, Lady Jane 351
Guildford, Sir Richard 152, 351, 360
Guisnes 151, 194
Halesworth, Dr 168
Hall, Edward 320, 321, 322, 323, 346–7, 355
Hammes Castle 241
Hanworth 236, 239, 241, 247, 250, 251, 274, 329
Harrington, Lord 152, 153, 155
Hastings, George 337, 338
Henry IV, king 20, 82, 292
Henry V, king 4, 19, 20–1, 292
Henry VI, king 19, 21–2, 24, 25–6, 27, 28, 39–40, 100, 277
Henry VII, king (Henry Tudor) 11; appearance 18, 134, 184–7; Arthur, prince of Wales and 40, 41, 42, 43, 44–5, 46, 116�
��17, 134, 139–41, 142, 164–5, 166, 186; astrologer, use of 155, 159, 167–8; birth 19; ‘bonds’ and ‘recognizances’ 245–8, 303–4; Bosworth, victory at 8, 17, 36–7, 55, 78, 105; Brittany, exile in 28, 29, 32–4, 44, 48, 50, 53, 109; chapel at Westminster Abbey 205; childhood 24; City, relations with 262; clerical ministers 245–6; Cornish rebellion and 114–16; coronation 38, 50; crown-wearing days 55, 86; death 195–6, 250–5, 258, 259, 296; eloquence 187; failure to join regional revolts against Richard III, 1483 33; family 19–20; financial gifts to H 117, 138; fines 85, 245–50, 251–2; France, 1492 war with 64–8, 73, 77, 80; funeral 260, 266–8, 269, 271, 277, 279, 310, 353; great councils 52, 53, 54, 95, 301–4; H’s creation as duke of York, role in 90–1, 93–4, 95; H, endows on his creation as duke of York 100, 157; H, installation as knight of the Garter, involvement in 110–11; H’s power, possible fear of 157–9; H, relationship with 4, 116–17, 137–8, 157–9, 185, 187–9, 196; H’s succession, attempts to secure 196; health 295, 196, 234–41, 247, 248–53; history regarded by 179; house of Lancaster ancestry 16, 18, 19–21, 23–7; Imperial Crown and 55–6, 192; James IV and 114, 163; jousting and 222, 224, 226, 232–3; luck 18–19, 33, 35, 39, 42; Magna Carta and 302–3; Margaret Pole and 306–7, 308; marriage 8, 18, 31–3, 38, 39; marriage of daughter Mary and 250; Maximilian von Hapsburg and 80, 81; money, attitude towards 4, 85, 244, 319–20; negotiates for H to marry Catherine of Aragon 137–8, 189–94, 241, 253; nobility and 232–3, 303–4; pardon, general 251, 261–4; parent, loving 70, 72–3; parents 19–20; parliaments 56–7, 184; personality 28; Philip of Burgundy and 208–11, 215–16, 217, 218–19, 220, 221; portrait 186; Princess Mary, special devotion to 70; privy chamber, establishes 237–43, 253–5; Raglan Castle, time spent at 24; reaction to daughter Elizabeth’s death 70, 72; ‘readeption’ of Henry VI and 24; reforms character before death 250–2, 261; religion 250–2; royal council 49, 243–41, 259, 261–2, 272; sails to Britain to confront Richard III 34; Stoke, battle of 55, 192; Suffolk rebellion and 150–1, 154, 156, 157–9, 193, 195–6, 216–17, 223, 224, 226, 232–3, 317, 348; Tewkesbury, flees to Brittany after battle of 28, 205; theatre and ceremony, uses to promote Tudor’s 45, 82–99, 143–7, 152–3; usurper 73; Warbeck conspiracy and 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82–99, 100, 101, 104, 109–10, 112–17; wife’s death, reaction to 171
Henry Page 32