Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor

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Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor Page 81

by Scott, James M.


  International News Service, 14–15, 478

  International Red Cross, 410

  Inubo Saki, 185, 194, 198, 204

  iron, 80

  iron ore, 11

  Ishide, Minosuke, 202

  Ishii, Shiro, 385–87

  isolationists, 74–75, 80

  Italy, Japanese alliance with, 11, 80

  Ito, Akinobu, 407

  Jacot, Nestor, 451

  Jai Foo Chang (Charlie), 255, 292–93, 371

  Japan:

  aircraft industry in, 62–63

  alliance of Germany and Italy with, 11, 80

  atomic bombing of, 449–50

  B-29 bombings of, 448–49

  bacteriological warfare by, 386–89

  Bataan overrun by, 152–53, 192

  British declaration of war against, 17

  Chinese war crimes of, xiv, 105–6

  effect of Doolittle raid on, xiii–xiv

  King’s desire for offensive against, 29, 30–32

  Manchuria invaded by, 11

  material bankruptcy of, 11, 27, 83

  naval call signals changed by, 5

  Pearl Harbor euphoria in, 79, 81–82

  rationing in, 82

  Soviet intelligence on, 141–42

  supplies of, 11–12

  surrender of, 451–52

  U.S. break with, 4, 11

  U.S. invasion contemplated in, 83

  U.S. spying on, 139–40

  Japan Diesel Manufacturing Corporation, 201, 309

  Japanese Americans, in internment camps, 76–77

  Japanese embassy, 16

  Japanese Special Steel Company, 218

  Japan Oil, 224

  Japan Steel Fuji Steelworks, 206–7

  Japan Steel Piping factories, 209, 224

  Japan Times & Advertiser, 82–83, 138, 192, 211, 311, 313

  Jarman, Fontaine, Jr., 451, 452

  JOAK, 187, 218, 229, 238

  Johnson, Allan, 58

  Johnson, Harry, 149

  Jones, Aden, 110, 201

  Jones, Davy, 73, 91, 156, 242, 344

  in bombing raid, 202, 204–5, 309

  in China, 325, 326, 327, 333, 340

  China landing of, 271

  Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 367

  at Doolittle’s party, 475

  in flight to Tokyo, 185, 188

  made flight commander, 88

  parade in honor of, 385

  relaxation by, 114

  Tokyo city center as target of, 146

  training of, 8, 86–87, 88, 89–90

  Jordan, Bert, 185

  training of, 72–73

  Jordan, James, 362

  Joyce, Richard, 186

  in bombing raid, 219–21, 309

  hit by antiaircraft fire, 242

  inquiries by father of, 366

  Judd, Walter, 415

  Jurika, Stephen, Jr., 124–25, 145, 149, 165, 187, 238, 263, 269

  background of, 138–39

  and flight plan of raid, 147

  intelligence work of, 139, 140–42, 415

  Justice Department, U.S., 16, 20

  Kabukiza, 311

  Kaga, 6, 190

  Kagoshima, Japan, 306

  Kaijin Maru, 237

  Kamimura, Vice Admiral, 84

  Kanagawa, Japan, 146, 221–22

  Kappeler, Frank, 94

  at launch, 177

  Kasumigaura Lake, 221

  Katori naval air station, 222

  Kawai, Chiyoko, 306

  Kawai, Kazuo, 211

  Kawasaki, Japan, 62, 63, 140

  Kawasaki Dockyard Company, 231

  Kawasaki Truck and Tank plant, 218

  Kearsarge, 165

  Kelley, Ed, 15

  Kelsey, Ben, 52

  Ken-kwo-gee, China, 379

  Kent, Fred, 152

  Kernan, Alvin, at launch, 179, 183

  KGMB, 6

  Khabarovsk, Russia, 288–89, 352, 354–55

  Kian, China, 107, 167, 169

  Kiangsi Province, China, 276, 375, 389

  Kiangwan Military Prison, 400–407, 438, 440, 446

  Kido, Koichi, 403–4

  Kimmel, Husband:

  on night before Pearl Harbor, 4

  warned about possible Japanese attack, 4

  worried about Japanese carriers, 5–6

  Kimura, Heitaro, 402

  King, Ernest, 28–32, 68, 105, 127

  aircraft raids urged by, 100–101

  FDR informed about Pearl Harbor by, 26

  offensive against Japan favored by, 29, 30–32

  secrecy order of, 66

  King Kong (film), 335

  Kinhwa, China, 387

  Kinney, Herbert, 145

  Kisarazu Air Base, 190

  Knobloch, Richard, 150, 376

  in bombing raid, 225

  at launch, 180

  on secrecy of training, 96

  volunteering for raid by, 74

  Knox, Frank, 12–13, 16, 21, 22, 165, 318

  at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26

  Pearl Harbor surveyed by, 23–24

  Kobayashi, Asasaburo, 312

  Kobe, Japan, 62, 63, 83, 306

  air raid drills in, 191

  bombing raid in, 226, 230–31, 310

  Koiwa, Kazuei, 226

  Kojima, Shigeru, 197

  Kollsman, Paul, 52

  Kolya, 429, 430–32

  Kondo, Nobutake, 190

  Konoye, Fumimaro, 80–81

  Korea, 189, 257

  U.S. search for prisoners of war in, 451–52

  Koshien stadium, 230

  Kowa Maru, 237

  Kuhn, Irene, 466, 467

  Ku Klux Klan, 25

  Kumano, Tatsuo, 269

  Kumashiro, Moritada, 470

  Kunming, China, 459

  Kuroshima, Kameto, 136, 316

  Kusaka, Ryunosuke, 3

  Kusama, Kazuko, 191

  Kwei, Joseph, 377

  Kweilin, China, 107, 108, 167, 168

  Kweiyee, China, 383–84

  Kyoto, Japan, air raid drills in, 191

  Laban, Theodore, 189, 215

  in internment, 420, 430, 431

  Lae, 135

  Landon, Alf, 24

  Lang, Frederick, 424–25

  Langley Field, 69

  Larkin, George, 128, 330

  in bombing raid, 220–21

  death of, 475

  Laurey, John, 165

  Lawrence, David, 410–11, 418

  Lawson, Ellen, 251, 369–70

  Lawson, Ted, 60, 70, 123, 125, 129, 154–55, 166, 188, 244, 295, 344

  arrival in U.S., 369–70

  on B-25 mechanics, 113

  in battle with Japanese vessel, 187

  in bombing raid, 204, 207–10

  injury of, 251–52, 253–54, 255, 285–86, 296–97, 336–40, 341–42, 343, 369–71

  in landing after raid, 250–56, 270, 281–82, 283–84, 291–92

  landing in U.S., 369

  in launch, 177, 181–82, 185

  on modifications of B-25, 93

  in move west, 110

  raiders’ search for, 295–96

  on size of B-25, 69

  Thatcher’s saving of, 479

  Layton, Edwin, worried about Japanese attack, 5–6

  Leahy, William, 322

  Leonard, Paul:

  Birch’s meeting with, 277

  bombing by, 197

  brought to Chinese military, 274

  death of, 475

  in flight to Tokyo, 195

  landing in China by, 247–48

  at launch, 179, 180

  Lexington, 4–5, 29, 32, 75, 132

  Life, 103, 130, 163, 183, 329

  light metals, 80

  Linchwan, China, 376, 377, 383, 384

  Lincoln, Abraham, 21, 80

  Lindbergh, Charles, 51–52

  Lindley, Ernest, 438

  Lindsey, Robin, 162, 237

>   Lishui, China, 107, 167, 169, 376, 389

  Little Boy, 449

  Long, Breckinridge, 26, 151, 412–13

  Long Island, 31

  Los Angeles Times, 26, 44, 76, 324, 390

  Lost Horizon (Hilton), 319

  Louisville, 139

  Low, Francis, 29–30, 31, 101, 318

  Luangshuan, China, 388

  Luce, Henry, 103–4, 329

  Ludlow, 66, 68

  Luxembourg, 10

  Lynch, John, 129–30

  Maas, Grace, 461

  MacArthur, Douglas:

  in escape from Philippines, 152

  General Shimomura protected by, xiv, 472–73

  in retreat to Bataan, 76, 129

  Wako’s sentence commuted by, 471

  Macia, Herb, 126

  in bombing raid, 226–28

  Doolittle as hero of, 88

  at launch, 178

  letter to Hallmark’s mother from, 467

  training of, 73

  Ma Eng-lin, 384

  Magpie, 451–52, 455–57

  Magruder, John, 330

  Majestic Theater, 19

  malaria, 152

  Malaysia, 4

  Manch, Shorty, 163, 271

  in bombing raid, 201

  and Doolittle’s party, 475

  in launch, 177

  Manchuria, 385

  Japanese invasion of, 11

  U.S. search for prisoners of war in, 451–52

  Manila, 25

  Manske, Joseph, 70, 150, 158, 162, 185, 327, 333, 419

  Mao Zedong, 103

  Marcus Island, 135, 161, 189, 306

  Marianas, 448

  Marine Corps, blacks not admitted to, 77

  Marshall, George, 16, 152, 165, 323, 330, 334, 353

  Chinese government not trusted by, 105

  Doolittle and Arnold’s meeting with, 357–59

  Doolittle called by, 127–28

  farewell note to Doolittle from, 127

  at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26, 27

  worried about delay of raid, 169–71

  on York’s crew in Russia, 322

  Marshall Islands, 134, 135, 189

  Martin B-26, 32

  Doolittle’s examination of, 56–57

  Maryland, 24, 125

  Masutani, Maruo, 407

  Matsuhigecho oil storage, 227

  Maya, 190

  McCabe, Robert, 424, 425

  McCarthy, James, 67

  McClellan Field, 108, 111, 112, 121

  McClure, Charles, 122–23, 126, 147, 194, 244, 337, 340–41, 369

  in battle with Japanese vessel, 187

  in bombing raid, 208–9

  Doolittle as hero of, 88

  injury of, 25, 281, 283, 284–85, 371

  in landing after raid, 250–56, 281, 282, 283, 284–85, 286

  at launch, 180

  in move west, 110

  onboard gambling and, 156, 157

  McCool, Harry, 70, 204

  Doolittle as hero of, 88

  McElroy, Edgar, 69, 150, 244, 328, 344

  in bombing raid, 221, 224–26

  and launch of planes, 176

  training of, 72

  McGuire, Frederick, 382

  McGurl, Eugene:

  in China, 326, 331

  death of, 475

  McIntyre, Marvin, 16, 318

  McKenzie, Marjorie, 77

  McKissick, J. Rion, 411

  McMahon, W. A., 417

  McQuay Company, 61

  Meder, Bob, 206, 249

  burial of, 467

  captured in China, 279

  farewell letter of, 443–44

  illness and death of, 442–44, 446, 457, 464, 468, 475

  morse code developed by, 442

  mother notified of death of, 419

  in prison, 300, 302, 304, 400, 438, 442–43

  remains of, 466–67

  sentence of, 404

  Tokyo landing of, 345

  Meeus, Charles, 384–85

  Mehle, Roger, in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 175

  Mele, Tony, 373

  Meredith, 128, 162

  Mexico, 80

  Michela, Joseph, 392, 421–23

  Mid-Continent Airlines, 60

  Middle East, 75

  Midway, Battle of, xiv, 415, 476

  Midway Island, 20, 101, 136–37, 211, 316

  Mike (interpreter), 355, 426, 427

  Miles, John, 24

  Military Law Concerning the Punishment of Enemy Airmen, 403, 469, 470

  Miller, Edmund, 357

  Miller, Henry, 85, 96, 124–25, 131–32

  crew listed in order of expertise by, 116–17

  at launch, 177, 178, 179, 181, 184

  and loss of B-25, 91

  in move west, 109

  takeoff procedure formulated by, 89–90

  training of, 86–87, 89–90

  Miller, Richard:

  bombing by, 198–99

  death of, 475

  Mills, William, 74, 91–92, 109

  training of, 71, 72

  Milwaukee Sentinel, 60

  Mindanao, 138

  Ministry of Railways Supply Bureau, 220

  Minneapolis, Minn., 60

  Misake (guard), 445

  missionaries, 376–84

  Mississippi, 125

  Missouri, 452

  Mitchel Field, 48, 51–53

  Mitchell, William “Billy,” 58

  Mitscher, Marc, 64, 121, 129, 159, 238

  background of, 64–65

  and departure of raiders, 127

  drills run by, 162

  escorts of, 130

  formation of bombers ordered by, 66

  Hornet commanded by, 115

  and launch of raid, 176, 183–84

  and onboard gambling, 157

  at practice takeoff, 67, 68

  at pre-raid ceremony, 165

  Mitsubishi, 62, 63, 227

  Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, 233, 309

  Miura, Yasutoshio, 407

  Miwa, Yoshitake, 133, 134, 135, 215, 305, 307, 310, 317

  on Japanese propaganda, 310

  Miyako, 312

  Miyano, Masatoshi, 403

  Miyo, Tatsukichi, 136–37

  Mizumoto Primary School, 202

  Mochi, 312

  Mongolia, 77

  Monssen, 125, 128

  Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 26, 318, 371

  financial market worries of, 12

  White House ordered protected by, 15

  Morris, John, 210

  Moysey, Frank, 213, 314

  Mukden, 458

  Mulder, Karel, 457–58

  Muñiz Lavalle, Ramón, 213, 314

  Murphy, Clarence, 376–77, 380

  Murray, George, 65

  Myoko, 190

  Nagano, Osami, 316, 401–2, 448

  Nagasaki, Japan, nuclear bombing of, 449–50

  Nagato Maru, 237, 307

  Nagoya, Japan, 62, 63, 306, 309, 350, 354, 395, 458, 478

  air raid drills in, 191

  bombing raid in, 226–29, 232, 309

  leveling of, 449

  Nagoya castle, 227

  Nagumo, Chuichi, 4, 6, 7, 130, 133–34, 136, 190

  Pearl Harbor worries of, 1–3

  Nakajima, 62

  Nakajima Type 97, 83

  Nakajo, Toyoma, 400

  death of, 467

  Nakamura, Yoshiro, 207

  Nanchang, China, 265, 266, 269, 276, 376

  Nancheng, China, 343, 382–83, 384

  Nanking, China, xiv, 106, 376, 381, 387, 453, 520n

  Nashville, 125, 128, 160, 164, 236–37

  in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 173–76, 237

  National Hemp Dressing Corporation, 309

  National People’s Party, 103

  Navy, Imperial:

  planes of, 12

  strength of, 2, 12

  U.S. intelligence on, 139, 141

  war games of,
81

  Navy, U.S.:

  Bureau of Aeronautics, 86

  FDR’s worries about weakness of, 25

  Pacific drive of, xiv

  worried about Japanese attack, 4

  Navy General Staff, 189

  Netherlands, 10

  New Caledonia, 136

  New Guinea, 135

  New Mexico, 125

  News, 415

  News Digest, 240

  New York Daily News, 74–75

  New York Herald Journal, 419

  New York Herald Tribune, 24

  New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, 19

  New York Times, 11, 38, 53, 59, 75, 143–44, 153, 164, 214, 243, 323–24, 390, 414, 458, 459

  Nichi Nichi, 218, 234, 312

  Nichols, Ray, 451, 452, 453–54

  Nielsen, Chase, 147, 149, 248–50, 419

  in bombing raid, 206

  captured by Chinese, 277–80

  and Doolittle’s party, 475

  in evacuation to China, 457

  on grave-finding mission, 465

  injury of, 395

  JOAK listened to by, 187

  and launch of planes, 177

  letter to Dieter’s mother from, 465

  letter to FDR from mother of, 366

  outraged at tribunal verdict, 471

  in prison, 300–304, 345–49, 398, 438, 441, 444, 447, 455–56, 460

  recovery of, 463

  report on imprisonment by, 457

  in return to U.S., 458–59

  sentence of, 404

  Tokyo landing of, 345

  torture of, 300–304

  as witness at international tribunal, 468

  Niigata Prefecture, 306

  Nimitz, Chester, 101–2, 135, 318

  background of, 99–100

  Halsey ordered to meet Doolittle by, 115

  Halsey’s meeting with, 159

  ordered to conduct Pacific raids, 100–101

  Ninety-Fifth Squadron, 68

  Nippon Machine Works, 209

  Nishi Nasuno train station, 217

  Nisshin, 80

  Nitto Maru No. 23, 173–76, 189, 198, 234, 237, 242, 307

  No. 1 Iwate Maru, 237

  No. 2 Asami Maru, 237

  No. 3 Chinyo Maru, 237

  No. 26 Nanshin Maru, 237

  Noone, Robert, 166

  at launch, 183

  Norden, Carl, 95

  Norden bombsights, 95, 112, 347–48

  Norfolk Naval Air Station, 66

  Norfolk Naval Operating Base, 64

  North Africa, 35

  North American Aviation Company, 58–59, 314, 372–73, 417

  North Hampton, 159, 160, 164, 172

  Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, 411

  Norway, 10

  Oahu, 4, 6, 135

  O’Brien, Pat, 18

  Office of Strategic Services, 98, 214, 315, 451

  Ohara, 345–46

  oil, 11, 80, 133, 151, 167

  U.S. exports to Japan shut off, 11

  Okada, Ryuhei, 400

  arrest of, 468

  Sawada’s desire for release of, 471

  trial of, 466, 470

  Okazaki Hospital, 196

  Oklahoma, 18, 24, 99

  Ollivier, Ivor, 25

  Omi, Heijiro, 306

  Operation Plan No. 20–42, 159

  Operations Office, 88

  Opper, Frederick, 398

 

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