Hans Hanssen Skonning, Danish writer
western Iceland, 33
and printer (†1649), 33, 37, 108n43
Hungrvaka, 92, 93, 94, 127n16
Heinrich Steyner, German printer
Hymiskviða, 77
(16th c.), 84
Hypostatic union, 87, 126n5
Helgafell, Augustinian monastery
in Snæfellsnes, 28, 29, 37,
Iberian Peninsula, 14
Hell: entrance to, xiv, 81, 115, 116n17,
Iceland, xiii, xv, 17–29, 31, 72, 73, 81,
124n44; gates of, 44, 55, 58, 59, 60,
86, 87, 88, 93, 96, 104n70, 107n6,
198 Index
121n1, 125n1; medieval, 22, 81, 91,
John, apostle and saint, 29
105n74; northern, 24; western, 32
John, Duke of Berry, French nobleman
the Incarnation, 82
(†1416), 114–15n4
Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 4
John the Baptist, prefiguration of Christ,
Inferus. See Hell
5, 28, 64, 71, 115
inhabitants of Hell. See Hell
John of Cornwall, theologian (†ca. 1199),
Inventio Crucis, 28, 31
87
Ireland, 11, 93, 100–1n35, 101n36
Jón Arason, poet and last Catholic
Isaiah, prophet, 5, 63, 97n1, 158, 162,
Bishop of Hólar (†1550), 20
163
Jón Ögmundarson, saint and first Bishop
Isidore of Seville, theologian (†636), 33,
of Hólar (†1121), 17, 85, 125n59
37, 100–1n35
Jón Ólafsson of Grunnavík, Norse
Ísleifr Gizurarson, first Bishop of
scholar (†1779), 34
Skálholt (†1080), 92, 93, 94
Jóns saga baptista, 28, 29
Italy, 13, 101–2n44, 102n45, 103n55;
Jóns saga postola, 27
northern, 4, 12, 14
Jordan, river bordering Israel, Palestine
Itinerarium Antonini Placentini, 10
and Jordan, 7, 64, 71, 158, 159, 160,
167
Jacobus De Voragine, biblical scholar
Joseph of Arimathea, disciple of Christ,
(†1298), 98n3
3, 4, 5, 19, 166
Jakobs saga postola ( ins eldra), 22, 24,
Joseph Caiphas, high priest, 15
117n36
Júlíǫnu saga, 26
James the Greater, apostle and saint, 21
Jarðabók, Árni Magnússon and Páll
Katrínar saga, 28, 30
Vídalín, 33
the King of Glory. See Christ
Jarteinabók Þorláks byskups in forna,
the King of kings. See Christ
xv, 22, 23, 24, 58, 88, 89, 92
Klements saga, 22, 24, 106n1
Jarteinabók Þorláks byskups ǫnnur, xv,
Klængr Þorsteinsson, fifth bishop
89, 90, 92, 94, 127n16
of Skálholt (†1176), 93
Jarteinabœkr Þorláks biskups, 88–92,
Kross saga, 26, 28, 31
127n16
Jerusalem, Israel, 4, 10, 28, 45, 57, 66,
Laon, Cathedral school in Picardy,
76, 77, 81, 88, 110nn14, 15, 16, 110–
France, 9, 11, 14, 83, 100n35,
11n17, 111n18, 114–15n4, 119nn65,
102n51
66, 67, 161, 162, 166, 169, 170
Lárentíuss saga erkidjákns, 26
Jews, 5, 6, 13, 15, 19, 115nn10, 11, 166
Last Days. See Apocalypse
Job, prophet, 78
Lazarus of Bethany, brother of Martha
Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Irish scholar
and Mary Magdalene resurrected
(†877), 11, 100–1n35
by Christ, 13, 28, 67, 161, 169
Index 199
lectionaries, 86
Martha, sister of Mary Magdalene and
Legenda aurea, Jacobus De Voragine,
Lazarus, 28, 30
98n3, 105–6n81
Martianus Capella, grammarian (5th c.),
Leofric, Bishop of Exeter, England
100–1n35
(†1072), 9
Martianus Hiberniensis, Irish scholar
Leviathan, Biblical mythological
(†875), 11, 100n35
monster of chaos, 77, 78
Martin of Léon, priest and canon regular
Liège, Cathedral school in Nord-Pas-
(†1203), 99n21
de-Calais, Belgium, 11, 100n35
Martin of Tours, Bishop and saint
Lincoln, East Midlands, England, 88
(†397), 21, 93
Lindenbrog, Friedrich, philologist
Mary, mother of Christ, 28, 29
(†1648), 101n37
Mary Magdalene, sister of Martha and
lion in a snare. See Satan
Lazarus, 26
Lismas. See Dismas
Master of the Parement of Narbonne,
the Lord of hosts. See God
French artist (14/15th c.), 56
the Lord of Majesty. See Christ
Matheuss saga postola, 22, 25
Louis the Pious, King of the Franks
Matthew, apostle and saint, 21
(†829), 100n35
Maximus the Confessor, theologian
Lúcíu saga, 26
(†622), 100–1n35
Lund, Scania, Sweden, 19, 89, 126n10
medieval England. See England
medieval Iceland. See Iceland
Mælifell, Skagafjörður, northern
medieval Scandinavia. See Scandinavia
Iceland, 27, 37
Meinhard, abbot of Neuwiller-lès-
Magnús Einarsson, fourth bishop of
Saverne (11th c.), 98n8
Skálholt (†1148), 93
Messiah. See Christ
Magnús Grímsson, collector of Icelandic
Micah, prophet, 5, 49, 165
folktales (†1860), 20
Michael the Archangel, psychopomp, 5,
Magnús Jónsson, landowner in Vigur
7, 48, 59, 117n36, 121n5, 159, 160,
(†1702), 34, 35, 37, 108n38
165, 167
Magnús Ketilsson, scribe in Vigur and
Michael II, the Stammerer, Byzantine
chaplain in Desjarmýri (†1709), 34,
Emperor (†829), 100–1n35
37, 108n39
Miðgarðsormr, Norse mythological
Magnúss saga Eyjajarls, 26
World serpent, 77, 78
man. See Satan
missals, 86
Manichean heresy, 80
Mount Sinai, mountain in Egypt,
Margrétar saga, 28, 30n9, 34
116n28
Maríu jartegnir, 28, 30
mouse in a mousetrap. See Satan
Maríu saga, 28, 29, 30, 117
Munkaþverá, Benedictine monastery
Marteins saga byskups
in Eyjafjörður, northern Iceland, 24
200 Index
Möðruvellir, Augustinian monastery
Oil of Mercy, 7, 70, 71, 121n1, 159,
in Hörgárdalur, northern Iceland, 26,
160, 167, 168
27, 37
Ólafur Jónsson, Icelandic scribe in
Mǫrtu saga ok Maríu Magðalenu, 26,
Hrappsey (†1800), 32, 33, 35, 37,
30
108n36
the Old Enemy. See Satan
Neuwiller-lès-Saverne, Benedictine
Old English Martyrology, 99n21
Abbey in Alsace, France, 4, 98n8
Omnes qui pie. See Gilbert of Poitiers
New Testament, 87, 124n41; Apocrypha,
Our Father, 100n35
xiii, 3
Nicholas of Lyra, scholar and exegete
&nb
sp; Páll Jónsson, seventh bishop of Skálholt,
(†1349), 125n58
nephew of Þorlákr Þórhállsson
Nicodemus, Pharisee and disciple of
(†1211), 23, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94,
Christ, 3, 6, 15, 35, 55, 57, 58, 98n2,
95, 96
115nn5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 158, 167
Páll Vídalín, scholar and governor
Nicolas of Myra, Bishop and saint
( sýslumaður) in Dalasýsla (†1727),
(†343), 93
33, 34
Niðaróss, town and archepiscopal see
Palm Sunday, 122n23
in Sør-Trøndelag, central Norway, 88,
Páls saga biskups, 128n32
107n6, 126n10
Páls saga postola, 22, 25
Niðrstigningar saga, xiv, xv, 16, 17, 18,
Paradise, 5, 7, 12, 44, 46, 47, 48, 65,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
70, 71, 72, 111n28, 121n4, 159, 165,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42, 50, 51,
166, 168; entrance to, 9, 81, 109nn3,
52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 62, 70, 71, 72, 73,
4, 160; fall from, 79; gates of, xiv, 70,
74, 76, 80, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
108–9n2, 160, 167
94, 95, 96, 97n4, 104n66, 105nn77,
Paris, France, 11, 16, 72, 81, 83, 87,
79, 106n1, 112n59, 125n52,
88, 95, 101n37, 126n10; School
126–7n15, 131
of Theology, xv, 82, 86, 95, 96;
Niðurstigningarvísur, 20
University of, xiii
Nikuláss saga erkibiskups, 72
Passio sancti Christophori, 10
Noah, patriarch, 14, 102n50
Patrick, Bishop and patron saint of
northern France. See France
Ireland (5th c.), 93
northern Germany. See Germany
Paul, apostle and saint (1st c.), 21,
northern Italy. See Italy
97n1
Norway, medieval, 17, 19, 72, 104n69,
Peter, apostle and saint, 21
127
Peter Comestor, theologian and exegete
Norwegian scriptoria. See scriptoria
(†1178), xv, 71, 72, 73, 87
Notre-Dame, cathedral school in Paris,
Peter Lombard, theologian and exegete
56, 72, 114–15n4
(†1164), xv, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87,
Nuper huiuscemodi ( Royal Debate), 36
124–5n51, 125nn52, 56, 126n4;
Index 201
prologue to 1 Corinthians ( Corinthii
Saint Denis, Benedictine Abbey near
sunt achaei), 87
Paris, France, 11
Pétrs saga postola, 22, 24
Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Benedictine
Plácíduss saga, 26
Abbey in Paris, France, 81
Pontius Pilate, Prefect of Judaea (†ca.
Saint Mary’s, Cistercian Abbey in
36), 3, 12, 13, 57, 115n8
Dublin, Ireland, 101n43
Prince of Death. See Satan
Saint-Père-en-Valleé, Benedictine
Prince of Hell. See Satan
Abbey in Chartres, France, 12
psalters, 62, 86, 126n2
Saint Victor, Augustinian Abbey in
pseudo-Augustine, homilist, 81
Paris, France, 13, 72, 82, 86, 87, 88,
pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite,
126n10
theologian (6th c.), 100n35
San Marco, Convent in Florence, Italy,
Psyche, character representing the soul
101n42
in Apuleius’ Asinus aureus, 34
San Salvador de Tábara, double
monastery in León, Spain, 13
Ramsey, Benedictine Abbey in
Santa Maria, Benedictine Monastery
Huntingdonshire, England, 100n31
in Ripoll, Catalonia, Spain, 14
Ransom Theory of Atonement, 79, 82
Santa Maria, Cistercian Abbey in
the Redeemer. See Christ
Alcobaça, Portugal, 14
Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, France, 16
Satan, xiv, 5, 7, 8, 9, 20, 39, 41, 42, 44,
Ribe, Jutland, Denmark, 105n81
45, 46, 48, 55, 59, 62, 65, 67, 68,
Rimbegla, 34
70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82,
Ripoll, Benedictine Abbey in Catalonia,
83, 87, 94, 96, 108n2, 110–11n17,
Spain, 14, 100–1n35
111n46, 113n83, 114n113, 160, 161,
Rochester, Cathedral library, England,
162, 170; as the author of death, 9; as
81, 124n50
Beelzebub, 68, 73, 120nn88, 89, 90,
Roman Missal, 122n23
91, 164; as the Capturer, 83; as the
Romanus, Pontius Pilate’s messenger,
Devil, xiv, 46, 62, 70, 72, 78, 79, 80,
13
82, 83, 91, 92, 109n4, 110–11n17,
Royal Debate. See Nuper huiuscemodi
123n37, 124n42, 125n57, 164; as
the father of all evil, 8, 164; as a fish
sacramentaries, 86
on a fishhook, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,
the Sacraments, 82
83, 110nn14, 15, 16, 110–11n17,
Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, Benedictine
123n35, 161, 162, 169; as a fox in
Abbey in Nord-Pas-de-Calais,
a snare, 76, 77, 81, 91, 110nn14,
Belgium, 12
15, 16, 124n45, 162; as a giant, 68,
Saint Anne and Joachim, mother and
69, 73, 109n6, 120n95, 160; as a
father of Mary, 28
great dragon, 45, 68, 73, 76, 78, 79,
Saint Bertin, Benedictine Abbey in
109nn6, 7, 8, 9, 110nn14, 15, 16,
Saint-Omer, France, 9
110–11n17, 111n18, 120n95, 160,
202 Index
162, 168, 170; as a greedy animal,
Seth, third son of Adam, 7, 70, 71,
46, 91, 92; as a lion in a snare, 79,
121n1, 159, 160, 167, 168
80, 81, 124n45; as a man, 109n9; as
seven-headed dragon. See Satan
a mouse in a mousetrap, 76, 77, 79,
Simeon the Elder, the God-receiver, 5,
80, 81, 82, 83, 110–11n17, 125nn52,
105n79, 158
58, 162; as the Old Enemy, xiv, 73,
Sjau sofanda saga, 26, 27
78, 81, 110–11n17; as the origin of
Skálholt, Episcopal see, southern
pride, 9; as the Prince of Darkness,
Iceland, 2, 37, 85, 88, 89, 94, 107n6,
161; as the Prince of Death, 69, 73,
126–7n15; scriptorium, 92–5, 96
120n91, 121n11, 124n47, 161,164; as
Snæfellsnes, Borgarfjörjörður, western
the Prince of Hell, 8, 9, 68, 109nn6,
Iceland. See Helgafell
8, 111n41, 117nn37, 38, 39, 40, 160,
Snorri Sturluson, chieftain and scholar
162, 168, 169, 170; as the Prince of
(†1241), 77, 123n32
the World, 83, 109n7; as the scorn of
Sodoma, biblical city north of the Dead
angels 121n11, 164; as a serpent, 20,
Sea, 119n68
78, 79; as a seven-headed dragon, 68,
Spain, 13, 14, 101–2n44
73; as the Seducer, 83; as the spittle
Speculum historiale, Vincent of
of the just, 48, 114n115, 121n11;
Beauvais, 72, 98n3, 121n9
as three-headed Beelzebub, 68, 73,
Spekmæli heiðinna manna og
120nn89–91, 164
vísdómsfullra spekinga, 37n11
the Saviour. See Christ
spittle of the just
. See Satan
Scandinavia, 19; continental, 19;
St Blasien, Benedictine Abbey in the
medieval, 17, 104n66
Black Forest, Bavaria, Germany, 10
Schäfltarn, Benedictine Abbey in
St Gallen, Benedictine Abbey in Canton
Bavaria, Germany, 12
St. Gallen, Switzerland, 10
Scholica graecum glossarum, 100–1n35
Stanzaic Gospel of Nicodemus, 16
scorn of angels. See Satan
Sverrir Sigurðarson, King of Norway
scriptoria: Carolingian, 10; English, 11
(†1202), 89
Sedulius Scotus, Irish scholar (†850),
Sverris saga, 89, 126–7n15
11, 100–1n35
Sweden, 105–6n81
Sententiae in iv libris distinctae, Peter
Lombard, 82, 83, 86
Tatian, theologian (†180), 105n74
Septem dormientes, 26, 107n22
Tegernsee, Benedictine Abbey in
Sermo CLX De Pascha II, Pseudo-
Bavaria, Germany, 10
Augustine, 7, 11, 61, 99n21, 101n36
Theódórs saga, 26
Sermo 130 (a), Augustine
Theodosius I, the Great, Roman
Sermo 265D ( De Quadragesima
Emperor (†395), 15, 55, 57, 58, 88,
Ascensione Domini), Augustine, 82,
89, 115nn6, 8
83, 99n21, 125n54
Theodosius II, the Calligrapher, Roman
Sermones de tempore, Peter Lombard
Emperor (†450), 4, 115n7, 126n14,
(olim Hildebert of Lavardin), 125n56
167
Index 203
Theodulf of Orléans, Bishop of Orléans
warrior-king. See Christ
(†821), 122n23
Whitman, Teutonicus, abbot of Ramsey
Theophilus of Adana, archdeacon
Abbey (†ca. 1047), 100n31
(†ca. 538), 117n36
Worcester, Cathedral Priory,
Third Lateran Council (1179), 87
Worcestershire, England, 10, 81
Thomas, apostle and saint, 29
three-headed Beelzebub. See Satan
Yahweh. See God
Tiberius, Roman Emperor (†37), 4, 6,
12, 15
Þorlákr Rúnólfsson, third bishop of
Tollite portas, 4, 66, 74, 122n18
Skálholt (†1133), 93
the Trinity, 82, 115n8
Þorlákr Þórhallsson, sixth bishop of
True Cross, 28, 121n1
Skálholt and patron saint of Iceland
Tveggja postola saga Jóns ok Páls, 26
(†1193), 23, 58, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92, 93, 94, 95, 126n11
Un samedi par nuit, 36
Þorláks saga byskups, 92, 93
Þorláksmessa, Icelandic feast day of
Vadstena, Bridgettine Abbey, Östergöt-
Saint Þorlákr, 23, 89
land, Sweden, 19, 103n61, 105–6n81
Þórr, deity of the Norse Pantheon, 77
Vetus Latina, 4, 62, 63, 64, 67, 113n98
Þorvaldur Sívertsen, Icelandic man in
Vigur, Vestfirðir, western Iceland, 34, 37
Hrappsey, western Iceland (†1863),
Niorstigningar Saga Page 33