by Mario Livio
Brecht, Bertolt, 2, 237
Bredekamp, Horst, 61
Brengger, Johann Georg, 60
Brockman, John, 14, 81, 233, 256
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 14, 26
Bruno, Giordano, 7, 66, 91, 94, 200
Brunowski, Jan, 50
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, 10
Cabot, John, 10
Caccini, Tommaso, 111–12, 125, 193–94
Caetani, Cardinal Luigi, 133
Calabria, 116
Calandrelli, Giuseppe, 65
calculus, 24
calendars, 84, 110
Callisto (Jupiter satellite), 69
Camaldolese monks, 20
Cano, Melchior, 109
“Capitolo Contro Il Portar la Toga” (“Against the Donning of the Gown”) (Galileo), 37
Capra, Baldessar, 43–44, 50, 70
Cardano, Gerolamo, 145
Carmelite order, 116, 132
Castelli, Benedetto, 76, 101–4, 112–13, 163, 175, 179, 196, 247 correspondence of Galileo and, 1–2, 73–74, 102–4, 109–10
Catani, Luigi, 32
Catholic Church, 3–4, 49, 57–58, 94–95, 104, 117–18, 121, 125, 138, 150, 161, 172, 210, 215 conflict of Galileo and, 2, 11–12, 14, 42, 52, 80, 82, 108–10, 156, 176, 211, 221
doctrine of the Eucharist in, 158
Holy Office of, 118, 158, 162, 177–79, 181, 183–84, 188, 193, 194, 196, 214
religious councils of, 8, 109, 119, 123, 125
unerring faith concepts of, 118, 135–36
Catholic University of America, 229
Caucasus, Mount, 47
Cesarini, Virginio, 147, 148–51, 162
Cesi, Federico, Prince of Acquasparta, 58, 60, 97, 111, 113, 116–18, 147, 151, 162, 165, 245, 248
Charles of Lorraine, 4th Duke of Guise, 6
Chart of Hell (Botticelli), 27
chiaroscuro, 15
Chicago, University of, 29, 237
China, 75
Christianity, 8, 62–63, 109, 123, 195, 198, 211
Christie’s auction house, 230
Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess, 1, 102, 104, 148
Ciampoli, Giovanni, 114, 118, 136, 144–45, 146–47, 163, 175, 177, 179, 248
Cicero, 224
Cigoli, Lodovico, 6, 15, 86, 93, 94
Clavius, Christopher, 24, 29, 51, 57, 74–75, 85–86, 94, 95, 135
climate change, 13 denial of, 15, 113, 225, 247–48, 255
weather extremes and, 36, 96
clouds, 67, 79, 80
Collected Knowledge of Arithmetic, Geometry, Proportion and Proportionality, The (Pacioli), 10
Collegio Romano, 24, 57, 85, 86, 94, 95, 110, 134–35, 137, 138, 144, 145, 147
Columbus, Christopher, 10, 91, 93–94
comets, 48, 108, 137–45, 153 nature of, 138, 141
as possible bad omens, 137
tails of, 137, 142, 143
Comparison of the Weights of the Balance and The Assayer (Grassi), 158
compass, geometric and military, 43, 50
Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, 189
Congregation of the Holy Office, see Inquisition
Congregation of the Index, 131–32, 134, 162, 189
Conti, Cardinal Carlo, 80, 111
Contro il Moto della Terra (Against the Motion of the Earth) (delle Colombe), 101, 111–12
“Copernican principle,” 97
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 57, 90, 110, 114, 157, 172 Galileo ordered to abandon the doctrine of, 184–87, 198, 210
scientific views of, xii, 1, 3, 7, 10, 12, 24, 38, 47–49, 68, 80, 97–98, 101, 104, 117, 121, 132, 137, 139, 143, 159, 161–62, 163, 171, 177, 209, 214, 216
Coresio, Giorgio, 33, 84
cosmology, 62–63, 97–98, 104, 108, 117
cosmos, 4, 66, 81, 84, 95, 117, 161, 209 accelerating expansion of, xi
Galileo on nature of, 153–54
Council of Athens, 208
Council of Trent, 109, 119, 123
Counter-Reformation, 49
creationism, 13, 223–25 “intelligent design” and, 223, 224
creeping angle closure glaucoma, 207
Cremonini, Cesare, 98, 169, 245
Crosstalk with Vic Eliason radio program, 225
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 29
Dante Alighieri, 6, 25, 26–27
Dark Ages, 7
Darwin, Charles, 29, 96, 108, 157, 222, 225, 229, 254
De Caro, Marino Massimo, 60–61
Defense (Foscarini), 118–19
“Defense Against the Calumnies and Impostures of Baldessar Capra” (Galileo), 43–44
Deimos (moon of Mars), 72
della Porta, Giambattista, 42
delle Colombe, Lodovico, 51, 101, 111–12, 125, 256
delle Colombe, Raffaello, 111–12
Del Monte, Cardinal, 89
Demisiani, Giovanni, 97
Democritus, 156, 158
De Motu Antiquiora (The Older Writings on Motion) (Galileo), 33–34, 35, 36, 40
Descartes, René, 8, 156, 209, 253
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Galileo), 11–12, 18, 42, 61–62, 66, 98, 162–78, 166, 167, 203, 209, 210, 214, 250 examination of Copernicanism in, 188, 195
Galileo questioned on his permission to write and publish, 186–87
reaction to, 175–78
special commission appointed for examination of, 177–78, 188–89, 194–95
translation of, 209
Dialogue on Ancient and Modern Music (Vincenzo Galilei), 18
Dickinson, Emily, 233
di Grazia, Vincenzo, 84–85
Dini, Cardinal Piero, 110, 113–16, 135
Diodati, Elia, 180, 202, 207–8, 251
Discourse Concerning the Work of Messer Gioseffo Zarlino of Chioggia (Vincenzo Galilei), 18
Discourse on the Comets of Guiducci (Guiducci), 139–40, 141–44, 145, 147
Discourse on the Tides (Galileo), 127
Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Concerning Two New Sciences (Galileo), 34–35, 43, 45–46, 201, 202–6, 204
diseases, 7
Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo (Conversations with the Sidereal Messenger) (Kepler), 91
Divine Comedy, The (Dante), 25
Doge of Venice, 67
Dominican order, 109–12, 129, 135, 149, 165, 185, 188, 193, 209
Dürer, Albrecht, 14
Earth, 7, 27, 29, 73, 80 atmosphere of, 64, 145
expansion and contraction of, 235
exploration of, 10–11
formation of, 236
human beings on, 97
motion of, 101–3, 104, 115, 120–23, 127–32, 128, 135, 139, 143, 146, 162, 165, 167–68, 170, 178, 189, 196, 199, 214
orbit around the Sun by, xii, 1, 3, 12, 24, 47–48, 63, 65, 68, 117, 138–39
rotation of, 80, 104
sea tides on, 66, 127–29, 128, 162, 168, 171, 248
seen as center of universe, xiii, 24, 47–48, 68, 72, 77, 98, 111, 114, 117, 119, 121, 132, 146, 161–62, 167, 170, 171, 197, 214
solar light reflected from, 62, 107
Eddington, Arthur, 40
education, democratic, 9
Egidi, Clemente, 166, 175, 187, 188
Einstein, Albert, 3, 4, 12, 21, 22, 81, 96, 154, 219, 220 birth of, 218
general relativity theory of, 40–41, 85, 107, 122, 234
on nature, 206
thoughts on science and religion of, 220, 226–30
electromagnetism, 80, 107
Elements, The (Euclid), 21
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 10
Elsevier, Louis, 203
Elsheimer, Adam, 60
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, US, 226
England, 94, 209, 224, 233–34
Eohippus (horse), 224
ephemerides, 77
Epicurus, 158
Ernest of Bavaria, Elector of Cologne, 89, 93–94
Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Locke), 1
56
Essays (Montaigne), 104–5
Euclid, 10, 20, 21
Europa (Jupiter satellite), 69
European Space Agency, Gaia space observatory of, 65
evolution, theory of, 108, 157, 222–24, 225, 254 gradualism and, 29
natural selection and, 15, 223–24
Fabricius, Johannes, 76
Fabrizio, Girolamo, 236–37
Fahie, John Joseph, 32
“fake news,” 35
falling bodies, 53, 80, 84, 203–6 laws of, 4, 11, 23–24, 44–46
motion and, 23–24
see also weights
Fantoni, Filippo, 29
Farnese, Cardinal Odoardo, 89
Favaro, Antonio, 139, 241
Febei, Pietro Paolo, 193, 194
First Amendment of US Constitution, 208
Flight to Egypt, The (Elsheimer), 60, 245
Florence, xiii, 13, 15, 17, 19, 26, 52, 54, 70, 87, 91, 92, 99, 101, 139, 162, 165–66, 175, 179, 208
Florentine Academy, 25, 26, 139
Florentine Camerata, 19
Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, 120–25, 136 published letter of, 116–19, 132
France, 94, 163–64, 203, 209 Loire Valley of, 92
Francis, Pope, 223, 254
Franciscan order, 209
François I, King of France, 42
freedom of religion, 217, 256
freedom of speech, 208–9
freedom of thought, 213, 217
friction, 206
Galen, 7, 20
Galilei, Cosimo Maria, 101
Galilei, Galileo, see Galileo
Galilei, Giulia Ammannati, 17, 19, 55
Galilei, Livia (daughter), 42, 44, 100
Galilei, Livia (sister), 17, 41, 242
Galilei, Michelangelo, 6, 17, 19, 41, 44, 89, 207, 242
Galilei, Vincenzo (father), 6, 17–19, 20, 21, 198, 210 works of, 18, 242
Galilei, Vincenzo (son), 23, 44, 100–101, 180, 208, 210
Galilei, Virginia (daughter), see Maria Celeste, Sister
Galilei, Virginia (sister), 17, 41, 55, 242
Galileo: analytical skills of, 27
art, poetry, and music as interests of, 6–7, 15
artistic training of, 79, 233
biographies and other works on, xiii, 2, 5–6, 19–20, 21, 201, 213–17, 237
birth of, 5, 42, 214, 242
blindness of, 207–8, 237
censure and house arrest of, 12, 42, 82, 100, 136, 201–2, 207
character and personality of, xiii, 3–4, 17, 19, 37, 43–44, 78–79, 88, 90, 140, 144, 168, 173
children of, 12, 42, 44, 99–100, 192, 201–2, 207
compartmentalization rejected by, 236–37
correspondence of, 1–2, 11, 37, 44–45, 49, 51–52, 67, 73–74, 80–81, 123, 192, 201, 207–8
courage, imagination and ingenuity of, xii
death and burial of, 5, 13, 33, 36, 199, 210–11, 213, 251
education of, 19–22
enemies and critics of, 87–88, 96, 101–2, 111–12, 144–48, 164, 216
experiments and theoretical research of, xii, 3, 4, 11, 15, 31–34, 36, 39–40, 206
fame of, 2, 4, 12, 57, 83
as father of modern science, xi, xii, 3
final years of, 207–11
financial concerns of, 37–38, 41, 44, 51, 54–55, 100
findings disseminated by, xii, 4, 9, 99, 101
friends and alliances of, 17, 42, 44, 52, 53, 58, 111–12, 127, 147–50, 158, 163, 169, 202–3
health concerns and disabilities of, 13, 39, 87, 99, 100, 137, 148, 161, 162, 179, 180, 189, 191, 207–8, 210
heresy charge against, 2, 12, 112, 158, 197, 249, 252
honors and tributes accorded to, 56–58, 90–93, 96–97, 150, 211, 230
humor of, 37
last will of, 180
lectures of, 14, 25–28, 29, 50, 89
as a lutenist, 6
manufacturing workshop of, 43
medical studies of, 20, 21, 22, 101
modern relevance of, 13
patrons of, 88–90
physical appearance of, 87
pseudonyms used by, 139–45
romantic partner of, 44, 55
scientific errors of, 157
scientific reasoning and method of, 3, 4, 5, 15, 18–19, 83, 96, 157
scientific views defended by, xii, 12, 43–44, 102–4, 125, 134–36, 138
as symbol of intellectual freedom, xi, xiii, 2, 3, 8, 52
teaching of, 1–2, 23, 24, 29, 31, 41, 52, 55
thoughts on science and religion of, 220, 221–23, 226
trial of, see trial of Galileo
writing style of, xiii, 2
Galileo, writings of: Assayer, The, 58, 82, 84, 148–51, 149, 153–59, 161, 162, 163, 249–50
Bodies in Water, 76, 80
“Capitolo Contro Il Portar la Toga” (“Against the Donning of the Gown”), 37
“Defense Against the Calumnies and Impostures of Baldessar Capra,” 43–44
De Motu Antiquiora (The Older Writings on Motion), 33–34, 35, 36, 40
Discourse on the Tides, 127
Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Concerning Two New Sciences, 34–35, 43, 45–46, 201, 202–6, 204
Letters on Sunspots, 78, 78, 81, 111, 194
Letter to Benedetto Castelli, 1–2, 81, 102–4, 109–10, 112–14, 193–94, 218, 247, 252
Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, 11, 102, 125, 135–36, 193–94, 221, 254
“On the Shape, Location, and size of Dante’s Inferno,” 14
Sidereal Messenger, The (Sidereus Nuncius), 14–15, 53–54, 55–57, 56, 60–63, 68–69, 83, 88, 90, 91, 245
Treatise on the Sphere, or Cosmography, 24, 47
see also Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Galileo)
“Galileo gambit,” 96
Gallup survey of 2017, 222, 254
Galluzzi, Tarquinio, 147
Gama, Vasco da, 10
Gamba, Marina di Andrea, 44, 55, 99
Ganymede (Jupiter satellite), 69
Gaultier de La Valette, Joseph, 94
Gemelli, Agostino, 213, 214
general relativity theory, 40–41, 85, 107, 122, 234
Genoa, 145
Gentileschi, Artemisia, 6
geocentrism, xii, 24, 47–48, 72, 121, 135, 197, 214
geology, 29
geometry, 5, 85, 98, 154 Euclidean, 10, 20
of solids, 27
Georgia State University, 61
German language, 9, 87
Germany, 70, 94, 112, 226
Gherardini, Niccolò, 7, 19–20, 21
Gibeon, 1
Gilbert, William, 7, 98
Gladwell, Malcolm, 29
global warming, 95
God, 2, 87, 103, 120, 198, 206, 220, 222 belief in, 227–28
concepts of, 228, 229, 230
power of, 168–69, 172, 181
word of, 9
Goldstein, Herbert, 227–28, 255
Google, 2
Grassi, Orazio, 137–38, 144–48, 151, 153–59 law cited by, 140–41
pseudonym of, 144
gravitational waves, 234–35
gravity, 35, 39–40, 46, 80, 98–99, 107, 108, 115
Greece, ancient, 38, 205, 208 mythology of, 58, 63
philosophy of, 8, 156
greenhouse gases, 225
Gregorian calendar, 24
Gregory, Richard Arman, 32
Gregory XV, Pope, 150
Grienberger, Christoph, 86, 94–95, 110, 113, 115–16, 138
Gualdo, Paolo, 80–81
Gualterotti, Raffael, 75
Guicciardini, Piero, 125, 133
Guiducci, Mario, 139–40, 141–47, 162, 176, 249
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 72
Gutkind, Eric, 230
Hall, Asaph, 72
Halley’s Comet, 143
Han dynasty, 75
Harriot, Thomas, 70–71, 75, 91, 94
Harvey, William, 7
heat, origin of, 155
heliocentrism, xii, 1, 7, 47–48, 65, 68, 121, 135
Henry IV, King of France, 92
Heraclides of Pontus, 117
Higgs boson, 159
History and Demonstrations Concerning Sunspots and Their Phenomena (Galileo), see Letters on Sunspots
Hitler, Adolf, 226
Holland, see Netherlands
Holy Spirit, 109, 120, 124
Holy Trinity, 48
Horky, Martin, 87–88, 90, 96, 246
Hubble, Edwin, 97
Hubble Space Telescope, xi–xii dissemination and outreach program associated with, xii
flaw in the mirror of, xii
iconic status of, xi
images produced by, xi
longevity of, xii
repairs and upgrades of, xii
scientific discoveries revealed by, xi, xii
Hudson (N.Y.) Dispatch, 229
humanism, 5, 7, 11, 233
humanities, 237 relationship between science and, xiii, 13, 14, 235
Hume, David, 5
Huygens, Christiaan, 23, 72, 246
hydrostatics, laws of, 46
ice particles, 72
Inchofer, Melchior, 178, 189, 194–95, 251
inclined planes, 44 moveable objects on, 40, 204–6
Index of Prohibited Books, 12, 125, 132, 210 Dialogo of Galileo placed on, 196, 197
India, 10
individualism, rise of, 8
inertia, law of, 205–6
Inferno (Dante), 25, 26, 27, 28, 29
Ingoli, Cardinal Francesco, 133, 138–39, 162
Ingolstadt, University of, 76
Inhofe, James, 225
Inquisition, 52, 113, 165, 178, 202, 209, 216, 217 Galileo tried by, 12, 100, 130, 134, 181, 183–200
ten cardinals of, 183
intellectual freedom, 218, 221, 226
intellectualism, attacks on, 13
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (IPCC), 225
internet, 9
Invention of Science, The: A New History of the Scientific Revolution (Wootton), 14