60. Perry, ed., and trans, With Santa Anna in Texas, p. 54.
61. Ibid., pp. 47–51, 55; New York Herald, June 27, 1836; Hansen, ed., The Alamo Reader, p. 392; Jakie L. Pruett and Everett B. Cole, Sr., Goliad Massacre: A Tragedy of the Texas Revolution (Austin: Eakin Press, 1985), p. 143.
62. Shackford, David Crockett, p. 235; Kilgore, How Did Davy Die?, pp. 30, 39.
63. Shackford, David Crockett., p. 229.
64. Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; New York Times, December 15, 1907; Levy, American Legend, pp. 146–149, 164,
181–182; Sutherland Manuscript, CAH.
65. Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; New York Times, December 15, 1907; Shackford, David Crockett, p. 235.
66. Groneman, Defense of a Legend, pp. 1–153.
67. Gaddy, Texas in Revolt, p. 51.
68. Santos, Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas, p. 9; Perry, ed. and trans., With Santa Anna in Texas, pp. xii, 21.
69. Groneman, Eyewitness to the Alamo, p. 80; Jackson, “Santa Anna’s 1836 Campaign,” Journal of South Texas, p. 28; Hardin, Texian Iliad, p. 250.
70. Brear, Inherit the Alamo: Myth and Ritual at an American Shrine, pp. ix–4; Hardin, Texian Iliad, p. 250.
71. Richard R. Flores, Remembering the Alamo: Memory, Modernity, and the Master Symbol (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2002), pp. xvi–xvii, 3–12, 33–34, 60, 70–82. 95; Hardin, Texian Iliad, p. 250.
72. Clarksville Standard, Clarksville, Texas, March 4, 1887; Hardin, Texian Iliad, pp. 28, 83; Santos, Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas, p. 4; Borroel, ed. and trans., Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836, vol. iii, pp. 71–72; Flores, Remembering the Alamo, p. 32; Lozano, Viva Tejas, pp. 71–75; Roberts and Olson, A Line in the Sand, pp. 215–216.
73. The Telegraph and Texas Register, January 9, 1836; Flores, Remembering the Alamo, pp. xvi–xvii, 3–12, 33–34, 47, 60, 70–82, 95.
74. Brear, Inherit the Alamo, pp. 8–17; Hardin, Texian Iliad, p. 250
75. Lack,The Texas Revolutionary Experience, pp. 250–252, 263–265; Hardin, Texian Iliad, p. 250.
76. New York Times, December 15, 1907; Larry P. Knight, “Defending the Unnecessary: Slavery in San Antonio in the 1850s,” Journal of South Texas, vol. 15, no. 1 (Spring 2002) p. 57; Adam Robinson, Slave Country, American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005), pp. ix–35, 188–224.
77. Charles Ball, Fifty Years in Chains (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1970), pp. vii–viii.
78. Alwyn Barr and Robert A. Calvert, editors, Black Leaders, Texans For Their Times (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1981), pp. 30–31; Barr, Black Texans, pp. 6–7.
79. Barr, Black Texans, pp. v, 3, 11–12.
80. Ibid., pp. 3, 5–8.
81. Long, Duel of Eagles, p. 272.
82. Robin G. Osterweis, Romanticism and Nationalism in the Old South (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1949), p. 50.
83. Fowler, Santa Anna of Mexico, pp. 174–175.
84. Ibid., p. 182.
85. Mirabeau B. Lamar to Jefferson Lamar, April 10, 1836, Mirabeau B. Lamar Papers, No. 351, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin, Texas; Sutherland Manuscript, CAH; Sutherland Manuscript, CAH; Perry, ed., and trans., With Santa Anna in Texas, p. 53.
86. Typescript Diary of Major John P. Gaines, Journals and Diaries Folder, 1846, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri; Sutherland Manuscript, CAH.
87. Weems and Weems, Dream of Empire, pp. 67–75
88. Trouillot, Silencing the Past, pp. 1–2.
Chapter 9: FLAMES RISING HIGH
1. Groneman, Eyewitness to the Alamo, p. 76; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Huffines, Blood of Noble Men, pp. 176–179; San Antonio Daily Express, June 23, 1878.
2. Parish Death Records, January–March 1836, San Fernando Church, CAT; Ridley, Maximilian and Juarez, p. 8; Uecker, The Archaeology of the Alamo, p. 73; San Antonio Daily Express, June 30, 1889; Nelson, The Alamo, pp. 4–5; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Achivo Historico Militar Mexicano
3. Borroel, ed. and trans., Field Reports of the Mexican Army in the Texan War of 1836, vol. vii, p. 52; Matovina, The Alamo Remembered, p. 104; Nelson, The Alamo, p. 54; Valerie Menard, “Remember the Cottonwood?,” Texas Park and Wildlife Magazine, (March 2006).
4. Matovina, The Alamo Remembered, pp. 104–105.
5. Nelson, The Alamo, pp. 5, 54; Santos, Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas, p. 77; The Telegraph and Texas Register, March 28, 1837.
6. Derr, The Frontiersman, p. 252; Uecker, The Archaeology of the Alamo, p. 9; Nelson, The Alamo, 55; Hansen, ed., The Alamo Reader, p. 47.
7. Jackson, Alamo Legacy, pp. 151–152; Groneman, Alamo Defenders, p. 109.
8. The Telegraph and Texas Register, March 24, 1836.
9. Davis, Land!, p. 130.
10. The Telegraph and Texas Register, August 2, 1836.
11. The Groneman, Alamo Defenders, p. 71.
12. The Telegraph and Texas Register, July 7, 1838; Nelson, The Alamo, p. 111.
13. Groneman, Alamo Defenders, pp. 33, 53–54.
14. The Telegraph and Texas Register, December 8, 1838.
15. The Telegraph and Texas Register, November 16, 1836.
16. Ibid., May 26, 1837; Frankfort Commonwealth, May 25, 1836.
17. Nelson, The Alamo, p. 57; Santos, Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas, p. 78; Huffines, Blood of Noble Men, p. 3.
18. Parish Burial Documents, Campo Santo, Catholic Archives, San Antonio, Texas; Perry, ed. and trans, With Santa Anna in Texas, pp. 55, 63; Parish Death Records, January–March 1836, San Fernando Church, CA.
19. Matovina, The Alamo Remembered, p. 40.
20. Perry, ed. and trans, With Santa Anna in Texas, p. 55.
21. The Telegraph and Texas Register, March 28, 1837; Sutherland Manuscript, CAH.
22. The Telegraph and Texas Register, March 28, 1837.
23. Uecker, The Archaeology of the Alamo, p. 9.
24. Scheina, Santa Anna, pp. 25–26; Hardin, Texian Iliad, pp. 188,191, 248.
25. Scheina, Santa Anna, p. 29.
26. Jackson, “Santa Anna’s 1836 Campaign,” Journal of South Texas, p. 32; Lord, A Time to Stand, p. 163; Perry, ed. and trans., With Santa Anna in Texas, p. 49.
27. Gaddy, Texas in Revolt, p. 75.
28. Ibid., p. 78.
29. Ibid., p. 49.
30. Jackson, “Santa Anna’s 1836 Campaign,” The Journal of South Texas, pp. 11–33.
31. Winders, Sacrificed at the Alamo, pp. 94–95.
32. “The Battle of San Jacinto,” by Colonel Pedro Delgado, TSL and AC.
33. Lack, The Texas Revolutionary Experience, pp. 244, 246; Moore, Eighteen Minutes, pp. 389–390, 392.
34. Chariton, Exploring the Alamo, pp. 1–3, 6–17.
35. “The Battle of San Jacinto” by Colonel Pedro Delgado, TSL and AC.
36. Maryland Gazette, May 12, 1836; Huffines, Blood of Noble Men, pp. 176–179; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano.
37. Sutherland Manuscript, CAH; Crisp, Sleuthing the Alamo, pp. 140–141, 144; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Huffines, Blood of Noble Men, pp. 176–179; Allen Brown, “Trying for the Truth about the Alamo,” American Heritage, (November/December 2003), AmericanHeritage.com.
38. New York Times, December 15, 1907; Gaddy, Texas in Revolt, p. 53.
39. Derr, The Frontiersman, pp. 267–268; Nelson, The Alamo, p. 111.
40. Johnson, A History of Texas and Texans, pp. 416–417.
41. Flores, Remembering the Alamo, p. xv.
42. Crisp, Sleuthing the Ala
mo, 178.
43. Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Huffines, Blood of Noble Men, pp. 176–177, 179.
* * *
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* * *
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Exodus From the Alamo: The Anatomy of the Last Stand Myth Page 54