This book is dedicated to my parents Wolfgang and Joan van Emden
Other books by the author:
Tickled to Death to Go
The Memoirs of a Cavalryman in the First World War
Veterans
The Last Survivors of the Great War
Prisoners of the Kaiser
The Last POWs of the Great War
The Trench
First published in Great Britain in 2002 by Leo Cooper
Reprinted in 2012 by
PEN & SWORD MILITARY
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Pen & Sword Books Ltd
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Copyright © Richard van Emden 2002, 2012
ISBN 978 1 84884 865 8
EPUB ISBN: 9781781597750
The right of Richard van Emden to be identified as Author
of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements and Picture Credits
Introduction
CHAPTER ONE – The Enemy at the Gate
CHAPTER TWO – An Edwardian Childhood
CHAPTER THREE – A Shilling a Day
CHAPTER FOUR – The King’s Commission
CHAPTER FIVE – Over the Pond
CHAPTER SIX – Hell! Here Comes a Whizz-Bang
CHAPTER SEVEN – Back in the Frying Pan
CHAPTER EIGHT – Rest and Recuperation
CHAPTER NINE – The Armistice
POSTSCRIPT
Acknowledgements
My especial thanks must go, first and foremost, to Norman’s son, Ian Collins, whose patience, encouragement and kindness have been unfailing. I am very grateful to Ian for entrusting to me all of Norman’s possessions from his service in the Great War, including all his notebooks and photographs.
I should also like to thank the staff of the Department of Documents in the Reading Room of the Imperial War Museum. As keepers of Norman’s letters and postcards - sent during his service at home and at the front - they have all been extremely helpful during my frequent visits to the archive.
Many thanks must go to Roni Wilkinson at Pen and Sword Books who, as usual, has put up with the shenanigans of Richard van ‘Whatsit’, as I have always affectionately been known to him. Roni has produced a book that Norman would have been proud of, as I am. I must also thank both Charles Hewitt and Brigadier Henry Wilson at Pen and Sword Books for their continued faith in me.
A very big extra thank you must go to my parents, Joan and Wolfgang van Emden. My books are invariably dumped on them at short notice as deadlines draw near, yet they never fail to cast their eyes over a text where, inevitably, there are important corrections to be made. Their efficient editing of this book has been invaluable, as has my father’s translation of a letter written in German and found by Norman in 1917, (see page 151)
I would also like to thank Anna, my partner, whose encouragement and cups of coffee have been unending, despite her own high-pressure job.
Finally, there are many others whom I would like to thank for various and disparate reasons, including Steve Humphries, Peter Barton, Dave Bilton, Steve Grogan and Vic and Diane Piuk.
PICTURE CREDITS
Norman Collins’ private collection, taken 1917-1918 David Bilton
The Imperial War Museum
The Taylor Library
The Tank Museum, Bovington
Queens Own Highlanders Museum, Fort George
Introduction
It has been commonly said that the average ‘life’ expectancy at the front of a Second Lieutenant in World War One was approximately six weeks before he was either killed or wounded. In this respect, and in this one respect only, my friend Norman Collins was no better than average. He arrived on the Somme in late October 1916 and was wounded in early December – six weeks. In late April 1917 he returned to France and was slightly wounded in late May – five weeks; then he was wounded for the third and final time in the second week of July – six weeks. His 17 weeks at the front were to put him in hospital for a total of 14 months and give him a lifetime of pain that no disability pension could ever compensate for.
I knew Norman for only three years but in that limited time I found him in every other way exceptional. I met him through my work in television, when a colleague happened to mention that Norman had contacted the company in response to an appeal for veterans of the First World War. Norman, as I was to find out, had already been seen on television, in BBC2’s Nineties series; he had also appeared in a couple of Imperial War Museum books.
We quickly found that Norman was one of those rare veterans who had an almost photographic recall of his war service and it was decided that we should film him straight away. In the end, we recorded his memories for at least three different programmes, such was his clarity of mind and eloquence of speech.
Norman Collins aged one hundred.
With most interviewees, contact is sadly fleeting and usually finishes after the broadcast of the programme, but I found Norman so fascinating that I returned to see him, and a friendship developed. In time, I was very proud to be invited to his 100th birthday in 1997, and very sad, yet honoured, to attend his funeral in February 1998. Even now, it doesn’t seem possible that Norman has been dead for over four years. He was one of those people who will always stay alive to those who met him and therefore will never quite seem gone. This book is, I hope, a fitting tribute to him.
When I met Norman, he had recently moved to a village close to Peterborough, a town which had been his home for many years, and where he lived in what was reputedly the town’s oldest house. As Norman’s eyesight had deteriorated, he had moved in with his son, Ian, cementing yet further a very close relationship between the two. Even though Ian’s work frequently took him overseas, they spoke daily on the phone. As Norman became less mobile and his war injuries caused him considerable pain, he took to tape recording a daily diary of the events around him as well as his own recollections of his long life. Invariably his war memories came to the fore and tapes sometimes labelled just “Random Recollections” often held invaluable details from his war story. These tapes could have become the basis of a biography and indeed, during one of my visits, Norman mentioned that he was looking for someone to write his story. Although inwardly enthusiastic to volunteer, I felt unable to offer through pressure of work. Nevertheless, I had a recurrent and niggling feeling
that I was passing up a wonderful opportunity. From that moment onwards, I felt certain that I would return to Norman’s story.
Norman (top) aged 18 months and (bottom) on his seventh birthday. He is pictured with his elder brother Bolton.
It was not just the clarity of Norman’s recall that made the prospect of a book so exciting. Many memoirs written by veterans have been remarkable for their detail, as have those ghost-written in recent years by friends and enthusiasts. Norman won no awards for gallantry; he wasn’t even at the front for very long, and while he was there he was, for the most part, the most junior of junior officers. However, unlike almost every memoir in print, Norman’s had something else to offer. He had every postcard he sent during his war service, and albums of photographs shot from 1917 onwards on a little Vest Pocket Kodak (VPK) camera bought while on convalescence. This remarkable collection of items was supplemented by other rarities and included both notebooks written during training and memorabilia picked up from the battlefields of France and Belgium. Lastly, there was a series of pictures taken of Norman when he returned to the Western Front for the one and only time when aged 92 in 1989. With taped interviews that I had conducted with Norman in his later years, this was a collection of material unlikely to be replicated.
The letters in particular are fascinating. Their survival was thanks not to Norman but to his brother, Bolton. Norman had no knowledge of the letters’ existence until his brother died in 1971. Bolton had kept every scrawled note from the first day of Norman’s army service, every letter written from the trenches and later from hospital. With Bolton’s death, his widow felt it appropriate that they be given back to their author, much to Norman’s great surprise and delight.
The letters are all the more interesting because they were never written for public consumption. Norman posted his letters home in the belief that they would probably end up in the family waste bin or fire. They were therefore written without any thought to their later historical significance or appeal. They contain the ‘real’ unvarnished thoughts of a young World War One private who advanced through every non-commissioned rank before he became a young subaltern, rising to the rank of captain shortly after the war’s end. In all there were 170 letters and 42 postcards sent at regular intervals from wherever Norman happened to be.
A page of notes made by Norman during training.
The photographs Norman took are equally interesting, as few pictures of life in France were taken by British soldiers because such images contravened Army regulations. However, while any soldier caught with a camera might face court martial, many middle ranking officers appear to have happily turned a blind eye to the amateur photographers. Even though few pictures were taken in the front line, most show life close to the front. There are powerful images of officers and men, many of whom would not survive the war. Unfortunately most pictures are not annotated and one can’t help looking at the faces of officers and other ranks, and wondering ‘Did you survive?’
There are some notable images. There is a picture of James Pollock, who won the Victoria Cross. There is a photo of B.L Jacut, a former Royal Flying Corps pilot, who later won bronze in the Olympic 100 metres final behind Johnny Weismuller, aka Tarzan. More poignantly, there is a picture of Private Alexander Simpson, Norman’s 18-year old batman, who was to die during the Third Battle of Ypres. His face is clearly that of a boy in 1917; just what did he look like when he went to France for the first time in December 1915, or indeed when he had stood in front of the recruitment sergeant six months to a year earlier?
There is no doubt that Norman was haunted by the memories of his war, although his strength of character and determination to succeed helped him cope with what he had seen. He never forgot those who had died, and in later life his memory of them grew more poignant as he became the last survivor who could recall these men in their youth. The frequency of their deaths at the front greatly troubled Norman during the war and his letters home are littered with references to their early deaths. ‘Pitcairn’s brother was killed going back to his transport column’. ‘You would see the report of Robson’s death’. ‘Thirty of my Lichfield pals are dead that I know of.’ ‘My servant went west last week. He was just 19 and had been out two years’. ‘Of all the officers who were out with me last year there is only one left in France.’
After 18 months’ training, Norman undoubtedly wanted to go to France. He certainly had feelings of trepidation but equally he was excited by the prospect of war. Some of the most interesting letters, indeed some of the most descriptive, stem from his earliest days in France when, almost with a child’s eyes, he soaks up every detail of his surroundings, watching and making mental notes. Despite the tiredness and cold he clearly enjoys the life; he counts barrage balloons and records the numbers of tanks. Even after his first taste of battle he is a keen souvenir collector, and, while claiming to be too busy to collect much, still mentions picking up a German helmet, a pistol, some shoulder straps, a couple of bells, a bayonet and other bits and pieces. Other details stand out, too. His expectation of a ten day leave over Christmas 1916, after just two months in France, is interesting to those who know how much leave other ranks could expect: none for at least six months, while one private known to the author had just two spells of leave, totalling ten days, in four years of fighting.
In later years, as the number of veterans dwindled, Norman became acutely aware of his generation’s passing. His affinity with the soldiers of that war reasserted itself and, despite being in his mid-nineties, he sought out local veterans and visited them himself. A small collection of tapes exists on which are recorded his visits to veterans such as exartilleryman Norman Tennant, former Seaforth Highlander John Willens, and 104-year-old Ross Morris, ex-6th Northants Regiment. Norman was to outlive all these men; indeed it was one of Norman’s last ambitions to be the final survivor of the war. He was certainly one of the very last officers and was believed to be the penultimate surviving Seaforth Highlander. He died on February 2nd 1998, ten days after his wife Helen to whom he had been married for 58 years.
Norman as a newly commissioned officer in 1916.
In producing this book, I have acted merely as an editor to Norman’s own words written during the war or recorded in recent years. Naturally, not all the letters home are of special interest to the reader and I have edited many to the extent that I have omitted everyday references and pleasantries concerning people at home of whom neither the reader nor the editor have any knowledge. I have also sought to edit out any repetition of events in letters to his family, as well as occasional perfunctory and routine references to the weather. To this end, too, I have written out every new address as it appears at the top of each letter but have subsequently omitted it until Norman is seen to move elsewhere. Lastly, Norman wrote many letters with one sentence per paragraph. These have been kept where their use expresses the breathlessness of the events around him. However, given the limited space in this book, I have linked paragraphs where it seemed appropriate or expedient to do so.
Emotionally, Norman never left the battlefields of France and Flanders. His empathy for the men he served with or whom he commanded was very evident to all who met him. When a camera crew followed Norman back to France in 1989 he visited the cemetery of Maillet Wood, where so many of his battalion were buried. After visiting the graves of those he knew, Norman walked slowly to the gate. He turned around, stood for a few seconds and then briefly waved before walking away. The wave spoke volumes.
Richard van Emden
JUNE 2002
CHAPTER ONE
The Enemy at the Gate
On the morning of December 16th 1914 I was sitting having my breakfast porridge. I was seventeen years old and had been working for a year at a local marine engineering company in Hartlepool where I was serving an apprenticeship. I was due to leave for work when, at about 8.10am, a terrific explosion rocked the house. We had two shore batteries sited nearby and during normal firing practice we received prior warning t
o open our windows to avoid the glass being shattered by the guns’ blast, but this was no normal firing practice, for following the inferno of noise there came a reek of high explosive. I didn’t know what had happened so I rushed outside. Clouds of brick dust and smoke eddied around me before I ran towards the promenade which was only 50 yards away. On the seafront, half left, were three huge grey German battlecruisers, blazing away, and in the dull light of a winter’s morning it was like looking into a furnace. At first I didn’t understand the screeching noise that passed over my head like huge pencils on slate, and then I realised they were shells. The ships were firing at the shore batteries of which we had two, each with small six-inch guns. I was fifty yards from the lighthouse battery on what was known as the Heugh Headland. This battery had three naval guns and I could see that they were hammering away at one ship in particular, although I could not hear them above the blast of the German guns as they belched clouds of flame and smoke.
German depiction of her battlecruisers closing in on the English east coast, 16 December 1914. Inset: in command of the force and aboard his flagship HIMS Seydlitz, Admiral Franz von Hipper (1863-1932).
Each ship had about eight large guns, so that there were about 24 large shells being fired on the town at any one time. I stood there watching them, and, you know, it was an amazing sight to watch broadsides from battlecruisers as close as that.
There would be a broadside, then they turned about and fired another broadside, and this went on for at least half an hour. I was standing at the base of the breakwater where it joined the promenade and I wondered if the Germans were going to land, so I turned away and retraced my steps to my home in Rowell Street and turned left towards the Baptist chapel. A great hole appeared in its stone façade as I approached it.
Last Man Standing Page 1