28 Robert Hewison, Footlights! A Hundred Years of Cambridge Comedy (London: Methuen, 1983), 16.
29 The reviewer “Pittite” in The Cam, quoted in Hewison, Footlights!, 16.
30 Steven Hobbs, “Mr. Pollitt’s Bookplate,” Book Collector 1987, 36(4): 518–30.
31 John Robert Reed, Decadent Style. (Athens: Ohio Univ. Press, 1985). R. K. R. Thornton, The Decadent Dilemma (London: Edward Arnold, 1983).
32 Miriam J. Benkovitz, Aubrey Beardsley: An Account of His Life (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1981), 136. The bookplate is discussed in Philip Kaplan Vertical File Manuscript 222, Morris Library Special Collections, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (hereafter cited as Kaplan Papers). Crowley’s only reference to Beardsley is in Aceldama (1898), stanza XXVIII, rpt. Works 1: 5.
33 Beardsley to Pollitt, 11 Dec 1897, in Henry Maas, John Duncan, and W. G. Good (eds.), The Letters of Aubrey Beardsley (Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, 1970), 405. While Maas and colleagues assume that this was for White Stains (1898), it may also have been for Crowley’s first book Aceldama (1898); as discussed below, Crowley signed one of the two outsized copies of this book to Beardsley, who died before he could receive it.
34 Matthew Sturgis, Aubrey Beardsley: A Biography (Woodstock: Overlook Press, 1999).
35 David Low, “With All Faults” (Tehran: Amate Press, 1973), 102. Quoted in Hobbs, “Mr. Pollitt’s Bookplate,” 530.
36 Maas, et al., Letters of Aubrey Beardsley, 439.
37 MacDonald and Whistler, Catalogue Raisonné, 199. The Catalogue Raisonné reproduces one full–length lithograph, 1896, as Plate 433, “whereabouts unknown.” The second, of Pollitt seated, is also from 1896 and housed at the Art Institute of Chicago, http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/20101 (accessed Apr 23 2010).
38 Edward F. Benson, The Babe BA: Being the Uneventful History of a Young Gentleman at Cambridge University (London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1897), 30–3.
39 Maas et al., Letters of Aubrey Beardsley, 254. “Dodo Benson” is a reference to Benson’s earlier novel, Dodo: A Detail of the Day (London: Methuen, 1893).
40 Quoted in Hewison, Footlights!, 16.
41 Confessions, 142.
42 “The Goad,” from Songs of the Spirit (1898), rpt. Works 1: 30.
43 Oracles: The Autobiography of an Art (1898), rpt. Works 2: 14–5.
44 Arthur Edward Waite, The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts: Including the Rites and Mysteries of Goetic Theurgy, Sorcery, and Infernal Necromancy (London: George Redway, 1898), vii–viii.
45 As with his Uncle Tom, Crowley published a premature obituary of the author in The Equinox 1913, titled “Dead Waite.” 1(10): 211–23. See also “Waite’s Wet” in The Equinox 1912, 1(8): 233–42.
46 Anna Bonus Kingsford (1846–1888) and Edward Maitland (1829–1897) founded Britain’s Hermetic Society in 1884 and started Esoteric Christianity. Kingsford also introduced S. L. Mathers to H. P. Blavatsky and her Theosophical Society.
47 Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–1891) founded the Theosophical Society in New York in 1875 (the year of Crowley’s birth), and published her magnum opus, The Secret Doctrine, in 1888.
48 Crowley to Louis Wilkinson, 30 Dec 1944, Louis Umfreville Wilkinson Collection, 1916–1960, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.
49 Confessions, 148.
50 Carl von Eckartshausen, The Cloud upon the Sanctuary, trans. and notes by John William Brodie-Innes and Isabel de Steiger (G. Redway: London, 1896), 15 and 16.
51 Listed as “Gottlieb Eckenstein” in the 1861 census (RG9, piece 141, 91: 51), he appears in the 1856 London Postal Directory as “Frederick Gottlieb Eckenstein” of 17 St. George’s Villa. He also appears in the 1881 census (RG11, piece 262, 82: 39). Certified record of death, Q2 1891, Islington, London, 1b: 303. Certified record of death, Q2 1891, Islington, London, 1b: 303. Jane Chance, Women Medievalists and the Academy (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005), 57. Although Oscar’s mother Antonie, as she appears in the 1861 and 1881 census, is often identified as British, both these censuses record her being born in Germany.
52 T. S. Blakeney and D. F. O. Dangar, “Eckenstein: The Man,” Alpine Journal, 65(300): 71.
53 The Merchant Shippers of London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Bristol, and Hull: A Comprehensive List of Merchant Shippers … (London: S. Straker & Sons, 1868). A Custom House Employé, The Export Merchant Shippers of London, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Leeds … (London: Dean And Son, 1882). In the 1881 census (op. cit.), Eckenstein reports employing six clerks.
54 Although often identified as one of three children, the 1861 census, op. cit., lists the Eckenstein children as Anna (age nine), Ernst (age seven), Hermine (age six), Antonie (age five), Lina (age three), and Oscar (age one). The 1881 census lists another sister, Tony, born about ten years after Oscar. Islington birth records give his siblings’ full names as Anna Lena Antonia Romana (b. 1851), Ernst Ferdinand Gottlieb (1853–1915), Hermine Lina Antonia Erica (1854–1863), Antonia Sina Dorina Sophie Viola (1856–1863), Lina Dorina Johanna (1857–1931), and Antonia J. S. T. Eckenstein (b. 1868). His brother Ernst appears to have continued the family business, as the 1881 census lists him as a “general merchant,” and the 1901 census identifies him as a self-employed “seed merchant.”
55 Around 1881 Eckenstein helped to develop a method of measuring the amount of iron in Eaton’s Syrup (a syrup of phosphates of iron, quinine and strychnine, marketed as a nerve tonic). See Robert H. Davies and Emil B. Schmitd, “The Composition of Eaton’s Syrup,” Phramaceutical Journal and Transactions, 24 Nov 1883, 14: 416. For his railway work, see: Oscar Eckenstein, “An International Technical Dictionary of Railway Terms,” Bulletin of the International Railway Congress, Sep 1903, 17(9): 874–5, and W. Robinson, Karl Richard Oscar Bertling, and Oscar Eckenstein, Modern Railway Practice: A Treatise on the Modern Methods of the Construction and Working of German Railways: Approved by the Prussian Minister of Public Works, the Bavarian Minister of Communications, and the Railway Authorities of Other German States (London: R. Hobbing, 1914).
56 Quoted in Blakeney and Dangar, “Eckenstein the Man,” 73.
57 See Spirit of Solitude, v. 1, stanza XVIII, 222–6; these passages are also restored in the unabridged edition of Confessions,
58 Blakeney and Dangar, “Eckenstein the Man,” 75.
59 Oscar Eckenstein and August Lorria, The Alpine Portfolio: The Pennine Alps, from the Simplon to the Great St. Bernard (London: the editors, 1889) was issued in an edition of one hundred sixty copies, making it a rare and valuable title.
60 William Martin Conway and Lina Eckenstein, Literary Remains of Albrecht Dürer: With Transcript from the British Museum Manuscripts and Notes Upon Them by Lina Eckenstein (Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1889). Lina Eckenstein would go on to establish her own academic credentials with wide-ranging works such as Woman under Monasticism: Chapters of Saint-Lore and the Convent Life between AD 500 and AD 1500 (Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1896) and Moon-Cult in Sinai on the Egyptian Monuments (London: Macmillan, 1914). For more on Lina Eckenstein see Sybil Oldfield, “Eckenstein, Lina Dorina Johanna (1857–1931),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004) and Chance, Women Medievalists, op. cit.
61 “Projected Glacial Exploration in the Karakoram,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 1892, 14(3): 178.
62 In “Mr. Conway’s Karakoram Expedition,” Proceedings of the Royal Geograpical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 1892, 14(11): 753–70, Conway reported that “Mr. Eckenstein’s health compelled him to quit the party” (p. 754). In a follow-up article, W. M. Conway, “Exploration in the Mustagh Mountains,” The Geographical Journal 1893, 2(4): 289–99, he reported that both Eckenstein and J. H. Roudebush “were prevented by ill-health or other hindrances from continuing with us” (p. 289). In his Climbing and Exploration in the Karakoram Himalayas (London: T. Fisher Un
win, 1894), Conway writes, “Eckenstein had never been well since leaving Gilgit. It was evidently useless for him to come further with us, so I decided that he had better return to England” (p. 293).
63 Oscar Eckenstein, The Karakorams and Kashmir: An Account of a Journey (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1896). While the existence of friction between Conway and Eckenstein is well established, Conway’s account in “The Crossing of the Hispar Pass,” The Geographical Journal 1893, 1(2): 131–8, contains several mentions of Eckenstein, and even reproduces a lengthy extract from his jounal on p. 134–5.
64 E.g., Blakeney and Dangar, “Eckenstein the Man,” 72, 74.
65 P. 70 in David Dean, “Oscar Eckenstein, 1859–1921,” Alpine Journal 1960, 65(300): 62–71. For Guy Knowles’s dates, see “Mr. Guy Knowles: Benefactor of the Fitzwilliam,” Times (London), 8 May 1959, 54455: 15.
66 N. M. Penzer, An Annotated Bibliography of Sir Richard Francis Burton, KCMG (London: A. M. Philpot, 1923). “The Richard Burton Memorial: Gift of the Eckenstein Collection,” Times (London), 1 Mar 1939, 48242: 14. Jon R. Godsall, The Tangled Web: A Life of Sir Richard Burton (Leicester: Matador, 2008). The archives of the Royal Asiatic Society contain not only Eckenstein’s collection of Burtonania, but also the correspondence of Eckenstein, Penzer, Lloyd, and others (including Roger Ingpen, who wrote the foreword to a 1915 edition of Burton’s Kasidah of Haji Abdu El-Yezdi: A Lay of the Higher Law).
67 Dean, “Oscar Eckenstein,” 63.
68 Blakeney and Dangar, “Eckenstein the Man,” 73.
69 Confessions, 166.
70 Crowley to J. H. Doughty, n.d. (c. 1920), Yorke Collection.
71 Issued in Jezebel, and Other Tragic Poems (1898).
72 Aceldama (1898).
73 Works 1: 115.
74 Aleister Crowley, The Magical Record of the Beast 666: The Diaries of Aleister Crowley 1914–1920, ed. John Symonds and Kenneth Grant. (Montreal: Next Step, 1972), 6.
75 This identification is by Yorke, Old E1, Yorke Collection.
76 Confessions, 149.
77 Aceldama, stanzas IX and X. Also in Works 1: 3.
78 Quoted in Percy Reginald Stephensen, The Legend of Aleister Crowley: Being a Study of the Documentary Evidence Relating to a Campaign of Personal Vilification Unparalleled in Literary History (London: Mandrake Press, 1930), 36.
79 Confessions, 138.
80 G. F. Sims Catalogue No. 12 (1951).
81 Bibliotheca Crowleyana, early draft c. 1965, J. F. C. Fuller Papers, Special Collections, Archibald Stevens Alexander Library, Rutgers University. Later seen at the Times Bookshop, London, 16 Jun 1966 (according to Smith, Books of the Beast, 33).
82 Oscar Wilde to Reginald Turner, Aug 1897, quoted in Benkovitz, op cit, and George Sims, The Rare Book Game (Philadelphia: Holmes Publishing Co., 1985), 47.
83 Although published anonymously, Teleny is sometimes attributed to Oscar Wilde, whose works Smithers also published.
84 Gerald’s father was admitted to Trinity College on December 7, 1855, received his LLB in 1860, and LLM in 1863 (Alumni Cantabrigienses).
85 Gerald Kelly to John Symonds, 18 Jun 1968, author’s collection. Dean, “Oscar Eckenstein,” 66–7.
86 AC to John Quinn, 1 Sep 1913, New 12, Yorke Collection.
87 p. 28. See also Thomas R. Whissen, The Devil’s Advocates: Decadence in Modern Literature (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989).
88 In Oracles: The Autobiography of an Art (1905), rpt. Works 2: 6–19.
89 “The S.M.C. abroad in 1898,” Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal 1898, 5(4): 196.
90 See Diary of a Drug Fiend, 159–160.
91 J. P. Farrar, “Mountain Craft,” in Geoffrey Winthrop Young (ed.), Mountain Craft (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 92.
92 Confessions, 293.
93 Oscar Eckenstein, “Hints to Young Climbers,” Sandow’s Magazine of Physical Culture, May 1900, 394–402.
94 Eckenstein, “Hints to Young Climbers,” 399.
95 John Symonds, King of the Shadow Realm (London: Duckworth, 1989), 89.
96 Tom Longstaff, This My Voyage (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1950), 24.
97 See, e.g., Proceedings of the Chemical Society 1895, 12: 3, and “Action of Distaste on Starch,” Journal of the Chemical Society, Abstracts 1897, 72: B34. Their work is cited, for instance, in Chemisches Zentralblatt 1895, 2(1): 26.
98 “Proceedings of the Society of Public Analysts,” Analyst, Apr 1899, 24: 85.
99 He is listed as FIC (Fellow of the Imperial College) and FCS (Fellow of the Chemical Society) in his 1905 book, The Brewing Industry, vide infra.
100 A year later, 1947, Watney, Combe, Reid and Co. Ltd. would buy Crowley & Co.
101 Society of Chemical Industry and Julian L. Baker, Handbook of London and Provincial Excursions (London: The Society, 1905). For a related text, see International Congress of Applied Chemistry and Julian L. Baker, Members’ Handbook (London: Jas. Truscott & Son, 1909).
102 Julian L. Baker, The Brewing Industry (London: Methuen, 1905). Julian L. Baker, “Malt and Malt Liquors,” in Henry Leffman and W. A. Davis, Allen’s Commercial Organic Analysis: A Treatise on the Properties, Modes of Assaying, and Proximate Analytical Examination of the Various Organic Chemicals … Vol. 1, Introduction to Alcohols, Yeast, Malt Liquors and Malt, Wines and Spirits […] (London: J. & A. Churchill, 1909), 133–64. “Fermentation,” in Hugh Chisholm, Encyclopœdia Britannica, 11th ed., 1911, v. 10, 275b.
103 Transactions of the American Brewing Institute 1907, 3: 243.
104 “The Chemist and the Fermentation Industries,” Nature, 15 Nov 1924, 114: 735.
105 Ironically, it was Baker himself who in 1925 proposed establishing this award to recognize outstanding contributions to the science and technology of fermentation.
106 George Cecil Jones, “Obituary: Julian Levett Baker,” Analyst 1958, 985: 187–8.
107 “Obituary,” Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry 1958, 82: 367.
108 Julian L. Baker is listed in Who Was Who in Literature, 1906-1934 (Detroit: Gale Research, 1979), 64. Obituaries are found in Chemistry and Industry, 15 Mar 1958, 11: 327; Nature, 22 Mar 1958, 181: 809; Analyst 1958, 985: 187–8 and Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry 1958, 82: 367.
109 Confessions, 172.
110 1901 British Census, GRO, RG13, piece 1108, 66: 10.
111 “Certificates of Candidates for Election at the Next Ballot, December 6, 1894,” Proceedings of the Chemical Society, 14 Nov 1894, 142: 203.
112 Ibid., 195–210. Proceedings of the Chemical Society, 18 Dec 1894, 144: 221. “List of Members,” Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 1905, 24: xxviii.
113 City and Guilds of London Institute for Advancement of Technical Education, “Report to the Governors, March, 1896,” Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science 1896, 73: 279.
114 Analyst 1902, 27: 264. “Proceedings of the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists,” Analyst 1908, 386: 160a. Proceedings of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland 1917, 15.
115 G. C. Jones’s papers include: “The Need for Greater Care in Introducing Gas-Firing into Small Gasworks,” presented to the Society of Chemical Industry on 3 Jun 1901 (Nature 1901, 64: 120); “Standardisation of Malt Analysis,” Journal of the Institute of Brewing 1905, 11: 264–87; Arthur R. Ling and G. Cecil Jones, “The Volumetric Determination of Reducing Sugars, Part II: The Limits of Accuracy of the Method under Standard Conditions,” Analyst 1908, 33: 160b–7; “Note on the Determination of Extracts during Summer,” Journal of the Institute of Brewing 1908, 14: 9; “The Determination of Diastic Power by Lintner’s Method,” Journal of the Institute of Brewing 1908, 14: 13; G. Cecil Jones and John H. Jeffery, “The Estimation of Iron by Permanganate in Presence of Hydrochloric Acid,” Analyst 1909, 34: 306–16; “Purchase of Fuel under Specifications,” Journal of the Institute of Brewing 1911, 17: 182–209; “Note on Ground Almonds” (see “Proceedings of the Society of Public Anal
ysts and other Analytical Chemists,” Analyst 1912, 430: 2–3; “Vinegar” in Georg Lunge and Charles Alexander Keane, Technical Methods of Chemical Analysis, v. 3 pt. 1 (London: Gurney and Jackson, 1914); “Estimation of Methyl Alcohol in Presence of Ethyl Alcohol,” Analyst 1915, 470: 218–22. His book reviews appear in Analyst 1912, 437: 385–90; 1915, 470: 267–70; 1915, 471: 299–308; and 1915, 473: 374–8.
116 Jones’s chapters in Allen’s Commercial Organic Analysis (1909, op. cit.) are “Alcohols” (85–131) and “Wines and Potable Spirits” (165–203); in the 1913 edition, vol. 7, he also supplied the chapter “Non-Glucosidal Bitter Principles” (137–93).
117 G. Cecil Jones, “Analytical Chemistry” in Annual Reports of the Progress of Chemistry for 1915 (London: Chemical Society, 1916). This book is listed in Chemical Abstracts 1916, 10: 1970, and reviewd in Journal of the American Chemical Society 1916, 38: 2576.
118 “Obituary,” Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, Mar 1961, 122. See also “Jones, George Cecil. Chemist,” in Henry Hdder Stephenson (ed.), Who’s Who in Science (International) (London: J. & A. Churchill, 1912–1914). Many preceding details of Jones’s life are drawn from these sources, unless otherwise noted.
119 Dedication to Epilogue, Works, 219.
120 AC to RC Newman, 16 Aug 1944, New 24, Yorke Collection. See also AC to Gerald Yorke, 1 Feb 1928, New 115, Yorke Collection, where he writes, “Abramelin warns us about these family troubles.… In my own case, I simply disappeared and lived under an assumed name.”
121 Based on vision 13 of Crowley’s 1898 diary, Aleister Crowley Collection, 1889–1989, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin (hereafter referred to as HRHRC). Five other visions from this diary were rewritten by Fuller and published in The Equinox 1909, 1(2).
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