2 AC to Augustus John, n.d., New 12, Yorke Collection.
3 English Review, Aug 1912, 163.
4 Aleister Crowley, “Titanic Disaster,” New York Times, 26 May, 1912, SM4; reprinted as Aleister Crowley, “The ‘Titanic,’ ” The Equinox 1913, I(9): 47–8. The first line of the last verse was changed from “No norm of nature shall withstand” to “No power of nature shall withstand.”
5 Stephensen, Legend of Aleister Crowley, 99.
6 AC’s opening comment to The Book of Lies, published in newer editions of the book.
7 AC to Henri Birven, Oct 1929, New 24, Yorke Collection.
8 Theodor Reuss’s books include: Br. Pregrinus, Wass muss mann von der Freimaurerei wissen? eine allgemeinverständliche Darstellung des Ordens der Freimaurer, der Illuminaten und Rosenkreuzer (Berlin: H. Steinitz, 1901). Hans Merlin, Das grosse Buch der Wahrsage-Kunst: Eine kurze, allgemeinverständl. Darstellung d. Kleromantie, Chiromantie, Kartomantie, Onomantie, Kephalomantie nebst e. Anh. über d. kabbalistisch-math. Glücksrad (Berlin: H. Steinitz, 1901). Hans Merlin, Was ist Okkultismus und wie erlangt man okkulte Kräfte?: Einführung in den modernen Okkultismus und die Geheimwissenschaften der alten Kulturvölker (Berlin: H. Steinitz, 1903). Hans Merlin, Das große Buch der Träume und ihrer Deutung: Nach d. Aufzeichn. d. Artemidoros (Berlin: H. Steinitz, 1904). Pendragon, Lingam-Yoni (Berlin, Verlag Willsson, 1906), actually a German translation of Hargrave Jennings, Phallism: A Description of the Worship of Lingam-Yoni in Various Parts of the World, and in Different Ages, with an Account of Ancient & Modern Crosses, Particularly of the Crux Ansata (or Handled Cross) and Other Symbols Connected with the Mysteries of Sex Worship (London: Privately printed, 1889).
9 Ellic Howe, “Theodor Reuss and the Theosophical Society,” Theosophical History 1990, 3: 17–8.
10 László Krecsák and Daniel Bohle, “The Eccentric Adder Man: A Note on the Life and Works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss (1879–1958),” Herpetological Bulletin 2008, 103: 1–10.
11 Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, Mann für Mann: biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte von Freundesliebe und mannmännlicher Sexualität im deutschen Sprachraum (Hamburg: MännerschwarmSkript, 1998), 581–3.
12 “Concerts,” Orchestra Musical Review, 13 Jun 1885, 159: 125.
13 At the Wagner Concerts Society, Reuss sang the aria “Schusterlied (Jerum! Jerum! Hallahallohe!)” from Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. See “Musical Jottings,” Orchestra Musical Review, 30 Jan 1886, 182: 521. By 1888, he was producing “A new and sensational operatic sketch, titled Zanniel the Midnight Hunter, founded on Der Freischutz, and in 1892 Reuss had sold to Sir Augustus Harris the exclusive English rights to Richard Wagner’s Die Feen (The Fairies). See “Facts and Comments,” Musical World, 11 Aug 1888, 67(32): 624. “By the Wayside,” Musical Opinion and Music Trade Review, 1 Sep 1888, 132: 539. “Detached Notes,” Musical Standard, 1 Sep 1888, 35(1257): 142. “Crochets,” Musical Standard, 22 Oct 1892, 43(1473): 319. Wilhelm Richard Wagner, The Fairies: Die Feen, A Romantic Opera in Three Acts, Translated from the German and Arranged for the English Stage by Theodor Reuss (London, n.p., 1906). Theodore Reuss Papers, 1885–1907, #1979-0047R/A-S, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University Libraries, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
14 “A Row Among the Anarchists: Theodore Reuss and Victor Daye Likely to be Expelled,” Boston Daily Globe, 14 Oct 1886, 2.
15 Howe, “Theodor Reuss and the Theosophical Society.”
16 Theodor Regens, “Pranatherapie,” Sphinx, Jul 1894, 19(101): 14–6.
17 Leopold Engel, Geschichte des Illuminaten-Ordens: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte Bayerns. Vorgeschichte, Gründung (1776), Beziehung zur Freimaurerei, Verfolgung durch die Jesuiten, Fortentwicklung bis zur Jetztzeit, nach authentischen Dokumenten in den Geheimen Staats-Archiven zu München, Berlin, Dresden, Gotha, Paris, Wien, dem Geheimarchiv des Illuminaten-Ordens und verschiedenen Privat-Archiven (Berlin: Bergmühler, 1906).
18 AC to Henri Birven, 13 Dec 1929, New 24, Yorke Collection.
19 Franz Hartmann, Magic, White and Black, or, The Science of Finite and Infinite Life: Containing Practical Hints for Students of Occultism (London: George Redway, 1886). Franz Hartmann, Adrian von Mynsicht, Theophilus Neander, and Walter Arensberg, Cosmology, or, Universal Science, Cabala, Alchemy: Containing the Mysteries of the Universe Regarding God, Nature, Man, the Macrocosm and Microcosm, Eternity and Time; Explained According to the Religion of Christ, by Means of the Secret Symbols of Rosicrucians of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Boston: Occult Pub. Co, 1888).
20 Kaczynski, “Carl Kellner’s Esoteric Roots.”
21 1901 UK Census, Walton on Thames, Surrey, GRO, RG13, piece 587, 21: 33. Death record, Q2, 1913, Chertsey, Surey, GRO, 2a: 91.
22 Ellic Howe and Helmut Möller, “Theodor Reuss: Irregular Freemasonry in Germany, 1900–23,” Ars Quatuor Coronatorum 1978, 91: 28–46. According to Robert Gold (quoted in the article), Klein joined in 1872 and resigned on 14 Oct 1874. Reuss was initiated in Nov 1876.
23 “Waifs,” Musical World, 28 Feb 1874, 52(9): 134. Musical Opinion and Music Trade Review, 1 Feb 1886, 9(101): 230.
24 Around September, 1885, Klein signed young violinist Teresina Tua to an American concert tour, for which she was to be paid £10,000. In April and May of 1886 he turned up as an impresario in Berlin. “Waifs,” Musical World, 26 Sep 1885, 63(39): 614. “Musical Gossip,” Athenaeum, 31 Oct 1885, 3027: 579. “Foreign Musical Intelligence,” Musical Standard, 14 Nov 1885, 29(1111): 306. Lute, Dec 1885, 3(12): 288. Musikalisches Wochenblatt, 22 Apr 1886, 17: 222–3. Musikalisches Wochenblatt, 27 May 1886, 17: 278.
25 “Trade Jottings,” Musical Opinion and Music Trade Review, 1 May 1906, 29(344): 622. London Telephone Directory, years 1900–1909. The author is preparing a study of Klein, whose role in the formation of OTO has not been previously explored.
26 Docteur Gérard Encausse (1865-1916) was a French physician best known in western esotericism for the book he wrote under his magical name of Papus, Le Tarot des Bohémiens (1889), or The Tarot of the Bohemians. He was also involved in several important French secret societies: He was a cofounder of l’Ordre Kabbalistique de la Rose+Croix in 1888; founder in 1891 of l’Ordre des Supérieurs Inconnus (the Martinist Order); consecrated a bishop of l’Église Gnostique de France by Jules Doinel in 1893. He was also a member of the TS, GD, and HBL. He was also behind the occult magazine l’Initiation which ran from 1888 until 1914. He served in the French army medical corps during World War I, dying of tuberculosis in 1916. For more on Encausse, see http://www.hermetic.com/sabazius/papus.htm and Philippe Encausse, Papus (Dr Gérard Encausse): sa vie. Son oeuvre. Documents inédits sur Philippe de Lyon, maître spirituel de Papus. Opinions et jugements. Portraits et illustrations (Paris: Ed. Pythagore, 1932).
27 Issue “0” of Oriflamme appeared as four pages within the January 1902 issue of Übersinnliche Welt; the same month, Oriflamme appeared as a separate monthly journal.
28 For more on Reuss, see Ellic Howe and Helmut Möller, “Theodor Reuss: Irregular Freemasonry.” Ellic Howe and Helmut Möller, Merlin Peregrinus: vom Untergrund des Abendlandes (Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 1986).
29 The number of degrees varied somewhat, especially under Crowley; however, the main system consists of the degrees 0 thrugh IX.
30 Kaczynski, “Carl Kellner’s Esoteric Roots.”
31 Paschal Beverly Randolph, The Grand Secret; or, Physical Love in Health and Disease (San Francisco: Pilkington & Randolph, 1861). Paschal Beverly Randolph, Eulis! The History of Love: Its Wondrous Magic, Chemistry, Rules, Laws, Modes, Moods and Rationale (Toledo: Randolph Pub. Co, 1874). For more on Randolph, see John Patrick Deveney, Paschal Beverly Randolph: A Nineteenth-Century Black American Spiritualist, Rosicrucian, and Sex Magician (Albany: State Univ. of New York, 1997).
32 Joscelyn Godwin, Christian Chanel, and John-Patrick Deveney, The Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor: Initiatic and Historical Documents of an Order of Practical Occultism (York Beach, ME
: Samuel Weiser, 1995). Kaczynski, “Carl Kellner’s Esoteric Roots.”
33 AC to W. B. Crow, 16 Jul 1944, New 24, Yorke Collection.
34 Rudolf Steiner, Freemasonry and Ritual Work: The Misraim Service (Great Barrington, Mass: SteinerBooks, 2007). This volume includes Steiner’s correspondence and rituals, clarifying a great deal about the topic.
35 Copies of both Crowley’s charter and the MMM constitution are in the OTO Archives.
36 AC to RC Newman, 16 Aug 1944, New 24, Yorke Collection.
37 Terrell, Companion to the Cantos, 31–2.
38 The journal was a continuation of the Freewoman, which ran from November 1911 to October 1912. The New Freewoman ran for half a year, from June to December 1913 before changing its name to Egoist in January 1914; it ran until December 1919.
39 Marriage record, Q4 1911, GRO, St. George Hanover Square, London, 1a: 1083. “Bernard Breslauer: Bookdealer and Collector across Two Continents,” The Independent, 25 Sep 2004. “Mr. Wilfred Merton: Book Production at Its Best,” Times (London), 8 Nov 1957, 53993: 13. Graduating from Trinity, Merton became a partner in Sir Emery Walker’s firm and became renowned for his top-quality book production.
40 Divorce Court File 2768. Appellant: Wilfred Merton. Respondent: Jeanne Merton. Co-respondent: Victor Benjamin Neuburg. J77/1080, National Archives, KEW, 1912.
41 Death record, Q1 1912, GRO, Lambeth, Surrey, 1d: 419.
42 Nina Hamnett, Laughing Torso: Reminiscences of Nina Hamnett (London: Constable & Co. Ltd, 1932).
43 “Young Wife’s Suicide: ‘My Rash and Unfortunate Marriage,’ ” Observer (London), 4 Aug 1912, 12. “Art Student’s Suicide: ‘Unfortunate Marriage,’ ” Times (London), 5 Aug 1912, 39969: 2.
44 Ezra Pound, “Dead Iönè,” Poetry and Drama, Dec 1914, 2(8): 353. The poem was retitled “Ione, Dead the Long Year” in Lustra of Ezra Pound, with Earlier Poems (London: Elkin Matthews, 1916).
45 When he joined the AA on October 1, 1910, G. G. Rae Fraser took the motto “Je suis prest” (I am ready). Crowley later noted on his application, “On the Path, and helping. Difficult to catch.” With the publication of “Sepher Sephiroth,” Crowley referred to him as Fra , suggesting he had passed beyond Probationer, and acknowledged his contributions a specially-constructed typewriter and numerous mathematical additions. Hymenaeus Beta, “Notes on Contriubtors,” in The Equinox (York Beach, ME: Weiser, 1998), 40, notes that Fraser was 3°=8° in 1918.
In The Record of Old Westminsters, George Gerald Rae-Fraser (1888–1974) is listed as the elder son of George Thomson Rae-Fraser and Catherine Monkhouse, of Belsize Park Gardens, Hampstead, Middlesex. He was admitted to the Westminster School in 1906, and graduated with a BA in 1901 as a chartered accountant. He would go on to join various professional societies, serve as a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force, and marry in 1918. See “Deaths,” Times (London), 15 Jan 1974, 58988: 26. Westminster School (London, England), George Fisher Russell Barker, and Alan Herbert Stenning, The Record of Old Westminsters: A Biographical List of All Those Who Are Known to Have Been Educated at Westminster School from the Earliest Times to 1927 (London: Chiswick Press, 1928), 350.
46 Frederick Goodyear was the oldest son of Frederick Goodyear of Fallow Corner, North Finchley. He attended Christ’s College, Finchley, University College School, and Brasenose College, Oxford, from which he graduated in 1910 with a second class in Literae Humaniores (classics). He worked as a journalist—contributing primarily to The Field and Rhythm—and later as assistant manager of the Oxford University Press in Bombay. He enlisted in the Artists Rifles in February 1915, was gazetted to the Essex Regiment in 1917, was injured on May 12, 1917, during an attack on Fampoux, France; after having his left leg amputated, he died on May 23 at the Canadian Casualty Clearing Station at Aubigny. Frederick Goodyear, Letters and Remains, 1887–1917 (London: McBride, Nast & Co., 1920). “Fallen Officers: The Times List of Casualties,” Times (London), 26 May 1917, 41488: 9. 1901 UK census, RG13, piece 1233, 73: 20. Angela Smith, “Katherine Mansfield and Rhythm,” Journal of New Zealand Literature 2003, 21: 102–21.
47 1 in Frederick Goodyear, “The New Thelema,” Rhythm 1911, 1(1): 1–3.
48 K. M., “The Triumph of Pan” [review], Rhythm, Jul 1912, 2(2): 70.
49 C. A. Hankin, The Letters of John Middleton Murry to Katherine Mansfield (New York: Franklin Watts, 1983), 16.
50 Laver, Museum Piece, 118–9.
51 LM, Katherine Mansfield: The Memories of L.M. (London: Michael Joseph, 1971), 86.
52 James Moore, Gurdjieff and Mansfield (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980), 18.
53 Moore, Gurdjieff and Mansfield, 18. See also Memories of L. M. and Claire Tomalin, Katherine Mansfield: A Secret Life. (New York: Viking, 1987), 98–100.
54 Aleister Crowley, “Villon’s Apology (On Reading Stevenson’s Essay),” Poetry Review, Dec 1912, 1(12): 540.
55 Fuller had indeed advanced beyond Probationer status: It will be remembered he acted as Chancellor of the AA, and his Adeptus Minor motto appeared in the imprimatur of the order’s libri.
56 Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, NY (National Archives, Washington, D.C.), roll T715_1830, 12.
57 “ ‘Two Little Brides’ Lacks Distinction: But James T. Powers Is Warmly Welcomed in New Musical Show at the Casino: Not Much To Commend; Comedian Has Been Seen to Far Better Advantage and the Show as a Whole Is Dull,” New York Times, 24 Apr 1912.
58 Aleister Crowley, Draft of a puff for the Ragged Ragtime Girls, New 12, Yorke Collection.
59 Confessions, 690.
60 AC to G. M. Cowie, 24 Feb 1913, New 4, Yorke Collection.
61 Classified ad, Times (London), 25 Mar 1913, 40168: 1.
62 “London Vaudeville Owns Yankee Sway: English Variety Artists Are Bitter at the Prominence of American Performers: Stars at Leading Halls: Any One Can Get a Place if He Has a Strong Accent, Says the Leader of the Disgruntled Ones,” New York Times, 9 Mar 1913, 40.
63 George M. Cowie to AC, n.d. (letter 13), Old D5, Yorke Collection. See also AC to Cowie, 6 Sep 1913, New 4, Yorke Collection, where he writes, “The Ragged Ragtime Girls will be in Edinburgh in 3 weeks. Mind you look up Mother [Waddell] that Monday night.”
64 W. F. Ryan, “The Great Beast in Russia: Aleister Crowley’s Theatrical Tour in 1913 and his Beastly Writings on Russia,” in Arnold McMillin (ed.), Symbolism and After: Essays on Russian Poetry in Honour of Georgette Donchin (Bristol: Duckworth, 1992), 137–61.
65 AC to RC Newman, 16 Aug 1944, New 24, Yorke Collection.
66 AC to Societas Rosicruciana, n.d., 1913. New 12, Yorke Collection.
67 AC to RC Newman, 16 Aug 1944, New 24, Yorke Collection. Many of Crowley’s letters in New 12 from 1913 also deal with these elections.
68 AC to W. B. Crow, 3 Jul 1944, New 24, Yorke Collection.
69 14 in R. A. Gilbert, “Baphomet and Son: A Little Known Chapter in the Life of 666,” Nuit-Isis 1982, 1: 13–7.
70 Aleister Crowley, “The City of God (Moscow),” The English Review, Jan 1914, 161–6. Reissued in 1943 (London: The OTO).
71 Confessions, 712.
72 Confessions, 712.
73 AC to WB Crow, 2 Apr 1945, New 24, Yorke Collection.
74 “The city of God” first appeared in the English Review, see above.
75 Aleister Crowley, “The Heart of Holy Russia,” The International 1918, 12(1): 10–4.
76 Originally slated for the October 1914 English Review, publication of “The Fun of the Fair” was canceled to make room for Crowley’s “Appeal to the American Republic,” renamed “To America.” The former poem remained unpublished until reissued in a limited edition by OTO in 1942.
77 This poem is reproduced in Crowley’s Diary of a Drug Fiend.
78 Unpublished in Crowley’s lifetime.
79 “To Laylah—eight-and-twenty” is the colophon to The Equinox 1913, 1(10): 235–6.
80 Aleister Crowley, “The Ship,” The Equinox 1913, 1(10): 57–79.
81 Slated for the ill-fated The Giant’s Thumb (1915), it ultimately appeared in The Equinox 1919, 3(1): 5–7.
82 “Ecclesiae Gnosticae Catholicae Canon Missae.” The International 1918, 12(3): 70–4. It later appeared in The Equinox 1919, 3(1): 247–70 with the numerical title “Liber XV.”
83 AC to WB Crow, 2 Apr 1945, New 24, Yorke Collection.
84 Around this time, Dr. R. L. Felkin was busy organizing a branch of the GD. See R. A. Gilbert, A. E. Waite: A Bibliography (Wellingborough, Northamptonshire: Aquarian Press, 1983), 141.
85 The blurring of lines between spiritualism and other forms of occultism, including ceremonial magic, is explored in Richard Kaczynski, “Séances and Suffrage: The Victorian New Age and Equal Rites” (paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-Atlantic Popular Culture/American Culture Association, Baltimore, Oct 2006).
86 AC to the editor of an unknown newspaper, 1913, New 24, Yorke Collection.
87 “The Magazines,” Academy and Literature, Nov 1913, 2169: 695. “Art in America,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 23 Nov 1913, A4. “Private Censor Destroys Books: Shows Disapprobation of Eden Philpotts: Very Harsh Critic: Aleister Crowley Has Little Good to Say of American Art But Looks Ahead,” State (Columbia, SC), 7 Dec 1913.
88 Robert Haven Schauffler, “American Poetry Comes of Age,” English Review, Nov 1922, 388.
89 Aelfrida Tillyard, Cambridge Poets, 1900–1913: An Anthology (Cambridge: W. Heffer, 1913).
90 J. DeLancey Ferguson, “Lucid Mystics,” Dial, 13 Sep 1917, 207–8.
91 Finding aid, “Personal Papers of Aelfrida Tillyard,” GBR/0271/GCPP Tillyard, Girton College Archive, Cambridge.
92 Diary, 26 Apr 1913, GCPP Tillyard 1/18, Girton College Archive, Cambridge.
93 Assorted letters, New 12, Yorke Collection. Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge and of the arts; her name literally means “essence of the self.”
94 Diary, 3 Jul 1913, GCPP Tillyard 1/19, Girton College Archive, Cambridge.
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