emphasis on local, 33, 108, 216, 280
non-Amish, 270–72
threats to, 46, 160, 267. See also civic involvement
competition, 31, 176
computers: prohibition of, 1, 2, 18, 115, 131, 136, 188, 256, 258, 298, 304, 312, 320
use of, 246, 263, 298, 305. See also Internet
confessions, 131–35, 315, 317
kneeling, 131, 132, 133, 140, 189
congregations. See church district
conscientious objection, 102, 275–76, 313, 326. See also nonresistance
consumerism, 319, 321, 323, 326, 329
cornerball. See ballgames
cosmetics, 43, 113
cottage industries, 245, 260, 267. See also business; work
Counsel Meetings, 126, 127
courtship. See dating
crafts, 13, 178, 240, 245, 269
and individual expression, 34, 47
and tourism, 287, 288, 290, 294
credit cards, 126
cultural bargaining, 23–24
cultural capital, 29, 30, 142, 143, 144, 174, 176
and business success, 257, 307–8
and common good, 21, 31, 32, 52, 160
defined, 20
cultural values, 29–32, 38–43, 46–50, 52
culture, 27–29, 31–32, 111, 112, 269, 330, 331
dairy. See under farming
dating, 145–47, 149
deacons, 94, 95, 99, 118, 119, 120, 123, 128, 132
death, 158–60. See also funerals
Delegation for Common Sense Schooling, 165, 166, 167
deviance, 52–53, 116–18, 131–34, 145–46, 184–87
The Diary (monthly periodical), 56–57, 154
Disaster Aid, 104
disaster relief. See Amish Disaster Committee; Mennonite Central Committee
districts. See church districts
divorce, 82, 87, 88, 115, 136, 139, 325, 330
Dordrecht Confession of Faith, 28, 117, 138
dress. See clothing
drugs, 53, 146, 184, 330
Dunkards, 9
Earle, George H., 164, 166
education, 23, 109, 161–83, 317, 321, 322
Amish support of public, 180, 327
fear of, 173–74
higher, 2, 26, 31, 162, 164, 258, 268, 305, 326, 328
modern, as threat to community, 160, 238, 258, 315
public, 161–68, 175, 176, 305. See also high schools; schools; schoolteachers
electricity, 18, 54, 197–202
“Amish,” 208–12
ban on, 2, 26, 84, 136, 255, 263, 268, 312
from batteries, 1, 77–78, 198, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207–8, 295, 296, 312
and divisions, 15, 25, 96, 200
from generators, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 233, 235, 253
and inverters, 206–7, 210, 298, 315
lighting with, 200, 202, 233
and medical equipment, 114, 206
from public utility lines, 1, 115, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207–8, 209, 212
selective use of, 188, 190, 197–98, 210–12, 315
engines: in dairy industry, 203–5, 296
diesel, 201, 203–9, 233, 252, 296, 326
and electricity, 201, 208, 209, 233
gasoline, 45, 222, 224, 225, 229–32, 251, 295, 300, 315
and horse-drawn machinery, 224, 229–32, 315
steam, 222, 225
English. See under language
entrepreneurs. See businessmen
equality, 109–10, 263, 266, 305, 317, 321
of women, 82–86
evangelism, 36–37, 38
evolution, teaching of, 174, 178
excommunication, 29, 92, 112, 134, 135–37, 315, 326
bishops and, 94, 95, 182, 189
reasons for, 88, 165, 241, 272, 275
temporary, 133, 140. See also shunning
family, 115, 258
church authority over, 97, 121, 139–40
emphasis on, 82, 87, 251, 304–5
extended, 13, 81–82, 88–89, 90, 143, 147, 148, 277, 316, 325
and factory work, 241–43
male role in, 83, 242, 261
size, 16, 33, 88, 261, 317
farming, 10, 72, 109, 178
Amish tradition of, 238–39
and artificial insemination, 18, 269, 299, 313
vs. business, 309–11
children and, 163, 317
dairy, 13, 18, 42, 113, 202–5, 229, 248, 313
and family life, 47, 85–86, 239–40, 263
organic, 248
specialized, 203, 229. See also land
farmland preservation, 249–50
farm machinery, 230–32
ban on barn cleaners, 235–36
and electric welders, 202, 204, 206
horse-drawn, 202, 222–24, 228–30, 237, 240, 255, 296, 300, 302, 304, 315
milking equipment, 115, 202–5, 236, 313
modern, 26, 223
self-propelled, 230, 232, 237
steel wheels on, 115, 222, 226, 229, 255, 296. See also tractors
fasting, 127
fiberglass, 45, 78
finance: banks, 12, 270
investments, 265, 267
saving, 49, 102
Fisher, Bishop David, 278
fishing, 152, 153
footwashing, 7, 43, 128, 140
force, use of. See nonresistance
Ford, Harrison, 281
Ford, Henry, 215
freedom: and choice, 320, 322, 324, 328–29
and individualism, 319, 321, 323, 328, 331
frolics, 12, 83, 89, 151, 156, 180, 260
funerals, 90, 92, 94, 112, 139, 158–60, 329
gangs, 82, 145–47. See also rumspringa
Gelassenheit, 50, 76, 78, 98, 130, 160, 283
and business, 53, 109–10, 308
and confession, 134, 135
defined, 29–32
and faith, 36, 37
as governing principle, 53, 79, 106, 275
humility and, 40, 43, 121, 144, 272
vs. individualism, 29, 37, 44, 49, 52, 123–25, 141, 317, 318, 323, 324
and interaction with others, 34, 44, 57, 304, 305, 317
and ordination of leaders, 125, 129
organizational shape of, 80–82
paradox of, 32–33
and patient waiting, 52, 122, 277
and personality, 33, 34
slower pace of, 51, 217
symbols of, 54–55
values of, 31, 49, 52–53, 322
gender roles, traditional, 82–83, 316, 322
Glick, Isaac, 198–99
golf, 152, 305
government: subsidies from, 12, 250, 273, 279–80, 327
view of, 160, 273. See also public officials; voting
growth. See under Amish
Handicap Gathering, 153–54
hard hats, 67, 102, 276, 313
Hartz, Moses, Jr., 188, 189, 190
Hartz, Moses, Sr., 188, 189, 190
hats. See under men
health care, 90, 105–6, 156, 313, 317
and electricity, 114, 206
and immunization, 183, 271, 306. See also mental health
Heifer Relief Sale, 158
Helping Hand, 105
high schools: attendance in, 96, 176, 182, 241, 322
opposition to, 17, 47, 163, 166–67, 168, 171, 174, 175, 176
holidays, 149–50
holy kiss, 119, 128, 134
horse culture, 73–74
horses, 27, 43
and Amish identity, 70, 72, 237
driving, 70–72
in the field, 227, 228, 231, 237
as link with nature, 72–73
plowing with, 33, 50, 116, 222, 223
as symbols, 54, 55, 72, 232, 318
vs. tractors, 73, 223, 224, 227
travel on public roads, 73, 78, 150, 314, 326
use of, 1, 12, 33, 315
work, 70, 71, 73, 115, 224. See also under farm machinery
hospitalization. See Church Aid
Hostetler, John, 92, 117
humility, 29, 30, 31, 36, 40, 144
and Amish worldview, 53, 162, 318
and business, 254, 264, 265, 308
education and, 174, 176, 178
and footwashing, 32, 128
and pride, 40–43, 123, 308
as theme of church service, 120, 122, 124
hunting, 152
Hurricane Camille, 104, 158
Hurricane Hugo, 158
Hutterites, 12
hydraulic power. See power, sources of
idleness, 46–47
imprisonment, 162, 168–71
individualism, 3, 22, 305, 309, 330
and cars, 216, 217
and confession, 131, 135
and freedom, 319, 321, 323, 328, 331
vs. Gelassenheit, 29, 37, 44, 52, 125, 141, 317, 318, 323, 324
and pride, 40–41
industrialization, 2, 16, 19, 261, 320
informality, 108–9
insurance, 101–4, 155, 156, 242, 277, 325
health, 12, 103, 273, 278, 279, 327
unemployment, 102, 183, 279–80, 314, 327
Worker’s Compensation, 102, 183, 257, 273, 276, 279–80, 314. See also Social Security
Intercourse, village of, 99, 104, 287
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 278, 279, 280
International Harvester Company, 222
international relief projects. See Mennonite Central Committee
Internet, 16, 19, 113–14, 126, 263, 312, 324
inventions, 255
Jefferson, Ralph T., 168
Jesus Christ, 4, 6, 7, 28, 43, 134
and Amish faith, 30, 32, 45, 47, 119, 138, 273
death of, 32, 127
and nonresistance, 265, 275
jewelry, 43, 64, 115, 244
Johnson, Lyndon B., 278
jury duty, 31, 275
King, Aaron, 166–67
King, Moses, 223
labor, 102, 103, 142–43, 148, 176, 263, 284–86. See also work
Lancaster (Pa.), 276, 309
Agricultural Preserve Board in, 249–50
congregations in, 14–16
farmland of, 11, 239, 240, 248–49
Lancaster Farmland Trust, 249–50
migration from, 243–44
population of, 10, 16
settlement in, 9–14, 16. See also affiliation: Old Order; tourism
Lancaster County (Pa.), 10–17, 240–41, 284, 309
land: preservation of, 239, 249–50
scarcity of, 205, 240, 241, 243–44, 245, 290. See also farming
language, 54
and dialect of separation, 55–57
English, 55–56, 57, 178, 190, 261–62. See also Pennsylvania German dialect
lanterns, 17, 54, 77, 252, 295, 318
lawn mowers, 83, 114–15, 299, 300, 303, 304, 306
lawsuits, 31, 115, 131, 164, 265, 272
leadership, 22, 23, 53, 94–95, 121, 128–31, 306. See also under bishops
Lebanon County (Pa.), 217, 243
Lord’s Prayer, 178
Luther, Martin, 3, 136
marriage, 83, 86, 87, 89, 115, 117, 176, 321. See also divorce; family; weddings
martyrs, 30, 32, 57, 169, 173
Martyrs Mirror, 5, 56, 57, 120, 137
McGillis, Kelly, 281
Medicaid, 273, 279, 327
Medicare, 12, 103, 273, 278, 279, 327
medicine. See health care
meetinghouses, 25, 95–98
Meidung. See shunning
Members’ Meetings, 132
men: beards and mustaches of, 8, 33, 63, 65, 68
dress of, 63–70
hair style of, 63, 65, 66, 67–68, 69, 90, 113
hats of, 65, 66, 67, 69, 113, 115, 121
as husbands, 83, 86
roles of, 82–83, 92, 242, 261, 316, 322
Mennonite Central Committee, 151, 157, 158
Mennonite Disaster Service, 104, 157, 158
Mennonites, 6, 10, 215, 241, 247
clothing of, 16, 67
divisions, 8, 9, 25, 96, 190
farms of, 106, 224, 301
Old Order, 15, 76, 84, 95, 105, 152, 156, 184, 228. See also Anabaptists
Menno Simons, 6, 7–8
mental health, 105, 154, 325
microenterprises. See business; cottage industries
migration of Amish, 9, 16–17, 243–44
military service. See nonresistance
Mills, Wilbur, 278
ministers, 36, 39, 82, 122, 233, 315
and casting of lots, 128, 130–31
role of, 94–95, 99, 101, 117–18, 120, 121, 124, 127, 132. See also bishops; ordinations
Ministers’ Meetings, 96, 98, 99, 126, 127, 297
mirrors, 33
modernity: of Amish, 3, 18, 52, 301, 312, 320–22
vs. Amish wisdom, 319–32
and homelessness, 319–20
negotiating with, 23–24, 312–16, 317
rejection of, 20, 21–23, 46. See also postmodernity
modernization, 1, 18–20, 43, 51, 301
and individualism, 29, 44, 309
and negotiation, 21, 23–24, 312
resistance to, 3, 21–23, 24, 316
and separation, 19–20, 108, 175. See also worldliness
Morton, Holmes, 105, 106
music, 145, 303–4. See also singing
mutual aid, 12, 97, 154–58, 273, 277, 315
Mylin, Arthur, 172
National Automobile Company, 214
negotiation. See cultural bargaining
New Order Amish. See under affiliation
nicknames, 93
nonconformity. See the world, separation from
nonresistance, 31, 115, 275–76, 326, 327
oaths of allegiance, 4, 6
obedience, 29, 52, 53, 144, 178, 324
and the church, 22, 30, 119, 120
habit of, 38–39
and salvation, 36, 37
occupations. See work
Old Order Amish. See under affiliation
Old Order Book Society, 102, 181
Old Order Mennonites. See Mennonites
Olshan, Marc, 262, 328
ordinations, 112, 125, 128–31, 140
Ordnung, 112–16, 191, 218, 263, 299, 300, 310
affirmation of, 126, 127, 237
and baptism, 113, 116–19, 140
and choice, 186–87
compliance with, 130, 131, 264, 324
defined, 112
and electricity, 200, 205
and excommunica- tion, 134, 136, 137
and social change, 303–4
violations of, 131, 213, 235. See also excommunication; shunning
organic farming. See chemicals; farming
organizational structure. See social structure
organizations, 13, 101–6, 115, 271
patriarchy, 82–83, 92
Peachey Church, 191, 223
and electricity, 199, 200, 215
origin of, 25–26, 189–90, 191
and telephone, 25, 191–92
Pennsylvania Dutch. See Pennsylvania German dialect
Pennsylvania German dialect, 13, 29, 115
and Amish identity, 57, 96, 315, 316
decline of, 261–62
as symbol, 55, 56
Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission (PUC), 219
People’s Helpers, 105, 154
photography, 3, 41, 244, 281, 283
Pinecraft (Fla.), 89–90
Pitts, Joseph R., 286
Plain Communities Business Exchange (business newspaper), 56
political involvement. See government; voting
population. See under Amish
postmodernity, 13–14, 311–12, 320
power, sources of: air (pneumatic), 18, 201, 209–12, 252, 255, 258, 295, 296, 301, 315
gasoline, 45, 222, 224, 225, 229–32, 251, 295, 300, 315
hydraulic, 18, 209, 211, 212, 252, 255, 258, 295, 296, 301, 304
steam, 222, 225. See also electricity; engines
prayer, 112, 115, 120, 124, 129, 140, 159
pride, 42–43, 48, 49, 52, 53, 267, 293
and the Bible, 40, 42
education and, 174, 176
and humility, 40–43, 123, 308
and individualism, 40–41
and publicity, 41, 42
Product Liability Aid, 104
professionals, use of, 1, 26, 90, 164, 272, 313
Protestant Reformation, 3, 4
publicity: avoidance of, 41–42, 116, 271–72, 280–84, 287, 294
for businesses, 313, 323
public officials: Amish as, 31, 271, 273, 302
Amish relations with, 183, 257, 294
puppy mill controversy, 284–85
quilting parties, 89, 151
quilts, 27, 245, 246, 269, 294
radios, 115, 145, 195, 205, 254
Reader’s Digest, 57
recreation, 145–54, 152, 153, 305. See also ballgames
Reist, Hans, 8
religion, 37, 161, 239, 264, 321
and civil law, 272–73
education and, 175, 178
reunions. See social capital: and circles of support
ritual, 28, 111–12, 304, 315, 325
rollerblades, 24, 45, 304, 312
rumspringa (running-around years), 116, 145–47, 151, 185–87
Safety Committee, 105
salvation, 36, 37
scholars. See childhood
schools: Amish, 81, 106, 162, 176, 177–82, 267, 269, 297, 318
compulsory attendance in, 162, 163, 165
consolidation of public, 163, 164, 172, 175
curriculum of, 13, 173, 174, 176
East Lampeter Township controversy (1937), 164–68, 241, 275, 287
elementary, 172, 173
extending term for, 165, 183
local control of, 162–63, 173, 320, 328
one-room, 13, 108, 162, 164, 165, 167, 172, 173, 175, 177–76, 178, 271, 305
Supreme Court, 1972 ruling on, 162, 183, 313
vocational, 171–72, 314, 315. See also education; high schools
schoolteachers, 84, 98, 176, 177, 180–81, 182, 280, 314
certification of, 180, 183, 313
qualifications of, 173, 180
science, 31, 174, 178, 321, 324, 326, 327
scooters, 213, 214, 302
Scranton, William W., 282, 283
self, 33, 36
self-denial, 29, 30, 31
separation from world. See the world, separation from
sermons, 120, 122–23, 124, 126, 159
settlement, defined, 13
sex education, 174, 178
sexual abuse, 53
sexual relations, 131, 139
shops. See business
shunning, 15, 137–41
and baptism, 116, 186
and confession, 133, 189, 317
and excommunication, 7–8, 39, 137, 189
strict interpretation of, 25, 189, 190
The Riddle of Amish Culture Page 45