“made a habit of visiting every man”: Ibid.
“much esteemed”: “A Terrible Tale,” Evening Telegraph, July 21, 1884.
“dead and the child is his perfect image”: “Cleveland’s Vindication,” NYW, Aug. 8, 1884.
“It is perhaps worthy of note”: “The Defense,” CDT, Aug. 13, 1884.
“vile wretch”: “Politics for All,” CDT, Oct. 30, 1884.
“vile slander”: “Beecher Means Business,” Boston Globe, Aug. 7, 1884.
“committed an error”: “Beecher Supports Cleveland,” NYT, Aug. 7, 1884.
“primary offense”: “The Charges Swept Away,” NYT, Aug. 12, 1884.
“plump, pretty and decidedly attractive”: “Cleveland; History of Wicked Maria Halpin,” New York Mercury, reprinted in CDT, Aug. 13, 1884.
“and to say otherwise is infamous”: “What Widow Halpin Says,” CDT, Aug. 16, 1884.
“quiet, decorous, unobtrusive housekeeper”: “Widow Halpin’s Narrative,” CDT, Aug. 16, 1884.
under cover of night: “The Cleveland Scandal,” CDT, Aug. 13, 1884.
“urging [him] to make a statement”: “Cleveland’s Shame,” CDT, Sept. 30, 1884.
“said she would die”: “Cleveland’s Shame,” CDT, Sept. 30, 1884.
“uniform kindness and courtesy”: “Politics for All,” CDT, Oct. 30, 1884.
“the scandal business is about wound up”: Nevins, Cleveland, 168–69.
“vast audience”: “Beecher’s Great Speech,” CE, Oct. 25, 1884.
“gladly remain silent”: “Politics for All,” CDT, Oct. 30, 1884.
“circumstances under which my ruin was accomplished”: Ibid.
“accomplished my ruin by the use of force and violence”: “The Strife of Parties,” CDT, Oct. 31, 1884.
“good, plain, honest-hearted man”: “Contraction of the Maria Halpin Story,” NYW, Nov. 2, 1884.
“Me make a statement”: “What Widow Halpin Says,” CDT, Aug. 16, 1884.
“blowing hitherto undecided Catholic voters”: Merrill, Bourbon Leader, 67.
by 1,149 votes: Ibid., 67–69.
“I’m only waiting for my wife to grow up”: Nevins, Cleveland, 72.
“tall, pretty and pleasing in manner”: Ibid., 164–65.
“King’s intrusion made me trouble”: Ibid., 168–69.
“did not question [Maria’s] charge”: Ibid., 165.
“woman scrape”: Ibid., 167.
“If a scapegoat was to be chosen”: Lynch, Grover Cleveland, 72.
“preliminary offense”: “The Charges Swept Away,” NYT, Aug. 12, 1884.
the book review editor of the Independent: “Dr. Kinsley Twining,” Independent, 2727.
“transient weakness”: Nevins, Cleveland, 164–65.
was popularized in the 1894 novel: McHatton, “The Honorable Peter Stirling,” 247.
“spare the feelings of his partner’s daughter”: Lynch, Grover Cleveland, 72.
Oscar Folsom was alive and well: Folsom died on July 23, 1875.
only ten at the time: Frances Folsom Cleveland was born July 21, 1865.
“Half a dozen of us floated down the river”: Andrew, “Sea and River Fishing,” 411.
“leading the chubby little girl”: Nevins, Cleveland, 76.
6. NOT SO EASILY HANDLED
“Col. Breckinridge’s friends say”: “Both Kept Out of View,” WP, Aug. 14, 1893.
“a liberal allowance”: Charles Stoll to JAT, Jan. 22, 1884, in Tucker, TRMP, 11.
“many warm, devoted friends”: Ibid., 14.
“No members of the legal fraternity”: “For Breach of Promise,” WP, Aug. 13, 1893.
Mary Oliver had tried to hire: “The Oliver-Cameron Suit: Candid Avowals by the Widow,” NYT, March 20, 1879.
“men of their reputation”: “A Philadelphia View,” Philadelphia Press, Aug. 13, 1893.
“corroborated by a number of students”: “Miss Pollard Corroborated,” CCG, Aug. 15, 1893.
“stylish ecru-colored”: “Miss Pollard Talks,” WES, Aug. 16, 1893.
“My position is public enough”: Ibid.
“Anyone can see from the character”: Ibid.
“not exactly a beautiful girl”: Ibid.
“bastions of old tradition and culture”: Richardson, “What on Earth Was a ‘Bourbon Democrat’?”
“interfere, beyond the very minimum”: Merrill, Bourbon Leader, 25.
“cheap resources, business opportunities”: Woodward, Origins of the New South, 6.
“They might look like Southern colonels”: Edward F. Prichard, quoted in Woodward, Origins of the New South, 6.
“a helpless, inept air”: Williams, Years of Decision, 19.
“disappearing quorum”: Ibid., 20.
“I deny the power of the Speaker”: Ibid., 23.
slate of landmark bills: Ibid., 40–41.
“force bill”: Ibid., 31.
“paid peddlers to sell household goods”: Ibid., 44.
“we are coming back”: Ibid., 16–17.
“close friend of President Cleveland”: “Congressman Sued by a Pretty Clerk,” CCG, Aug. 13, 1893.
“shared common traits”: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 156.
“I do not believe that the power”: Grover Cleveland to U.S. House of Representatives, Feb. 16, 1887.
“system [that] must be wrong”: “The Tariff Reform Issue,” NYT, Jan. 28, 1888.
“looks very much as if Congressman Breckinridge”: Undated clip, WCPB papers, 1892 folder, BFP.
“running very smoothly”: KL, March 30, 1893.
“There is one distinguished member”: Quoted in “The Philadelphia Times Rather Sides with the Plaintiff,” KL, Aug. 17, 1893.
“undiminished confidence” and “spotless honor”: Daniel Bedinger to WCPB, Aug. 13, 1893, BFP.
“would not be further annoyed”: Campbell Carrington to WCPB, Aug. 15, 1893, BFP.
“told her of his engagement”: “Outraged Feels Mrs. Blackburn,” CE, Sept. 2, 1893.
died in infancy: Baird, Luke Prior Blackburn, 19.
knew Madeline’s aunt Mary Stout: WCPB to W. J. Lewis, Feb. 1, 1894, BFP.
put out a call for volunteers: Baird, Luke Prior Blackburn, 48.
“He sat with his hand on the key”: “Miss Pollard’s Story of Col. Breckinridge,” NYW, Sept. 17, 1893.
circumstantially damning: Baird, Luke Prior Blackburn, 22–31.
“Hero of Hickman”: Ibid., 49–50.
told Julia about the Sunday school: WCPB to W. J. Lewis, Feb. 1, 1894, BFP.
Julia was well known: “In- and out-of-state newspapers lauded the first lady’s activities,” says Baird, in Luke Prior Blackburn, 97.
“Black Hole of Calcutta”: Ibid., 78.
“keen, penetrating eyes”: Foraker, I Would Live It Again, 70.
“Mrs. Zane received in a gown”: “Society’s Endless Rounds,” WP, Jan. 28, 1893.
“those utterances of Mrs. Blackburn”: Shelby to WCPB, Sept. 3, 1893, BFP.
“a scandalous report”: William S. McChesney to WCPB, Aug. 17, 1888, BFP.
“not true in many essential particulars”: Joseph S. Blackburn to James F. Robinson, Aug. 21, 1888, BFP.
“had not treated her well”: James B. Beck to James F. Robinson, Aug. 24, 1888, BFP.
“It seems that the publication”: William McChesney to WCPB, Sept. 5, 1893, BFP.
“on the best of authority”: “Will Come Home,” KL, Sept. 14, 1893.
which Shelby had seen: “I have seen the letter of Mrs. Blackburn to Duke,” Shelby wrote to Breckinridge. John Shelby to WCPB, Sept. 3, 1893, BFP.
“utterly depraved”: “Will Come Home,” KL, Sept. 14, 1893.
“vigorously deny that he is the father”: “Col. Breckinridge’s Defense,” LCJ, Sept. 13, 1893.
“has touched womankind”: “Gossip’s Tongue,” KL, Aug. 17, 1893.
“thousands of dead newborns”: Gordon, “Law and Everyday Death,” in Lives in the
Law, 63.
“horrible crime of infanticide”: “Apologies for Infanticide,” NYT, Dec. 1, 1868.
young servant named Hester Vaughn: Gordon, “Law and Everyday Death,” in Lives in the Law, 56–57.
“laws of infanticide”: Quoted in Anthony, “Social Purity,” in “The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony,” 1005.
“seduced deserted unfortunates”: Ibid.
looking for a scoop: William McChesney to WCPB, Sept. 5, 1893.
“chief effort of the defense”: “Col. Breckinridge’s Defense,” NYW, Sept. 14, 1893.
“glided to and fro”: “Miss Pollard’s Story of Col. Breckinridge,” NYW, Sept. 17, 1893.
“in the weary interval”: Ibid.
“very much wanted to study”: Ibid.
“claimed to be engaged in literary work”: Ibid.
“Mr. Breckinridge knew each day”: Ibid.
“he had succeeded in fascinating me”: Ibid.
“stating that the school was as good”: Ibid.
“as a result of this course”: Ibid.
“begged in every way”: Ibid.
“by his invitation”: Ibid.
“I have been told many things”: “A Romantic Story Has Little ‘Madge,’” CCG, Aug. 15, 1894.
“My purpose in entering”: “Revenge Not Her Motive,” WP, Oct. 2, 1893.
“Revenge!”: Ibid.
7. WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR DAUGHTERS?
“relics and historic treasures”: Shaw, World’s Fair Notes, 21.
“Old Cairo”: Ibid., 58.
“260 feet above terra-firma”: Ibid., 59.
“caged lightning”: Ibid., 44–45.
some twenty-seven million people attended: Ibid., 6.
“I am very glad I did go”: JAT to Richard Tucker, Nov. 8, 1893, TFP.
“It has been hard to get along”: JAT to Mary Tucker, Nov. 1, 1893, TFP.
Her family made a fortune: “Historical/Biographical Note,” TFP.
“I used to climb”: JAT autobiography, TFP.
“Quaker jail”: JAT to Patty Tucker, Nov. 2, 1879, TFP.
“high-maintenance, high cost”: “Historical/Biographical Note,” TFP.
“I am very much anxious”: JAT to Richard Tucker, Dec. 10, 1883, TFP.
“The old folks have numerous fights”: JAT to Maude Tucker, Feb. 3, 1884.
for women the mean age of marriage was twenty-three: See Table 1, “Nuptiality Measures for the White Population of the United States, 1850–1880,” in Hacker et al., “The Effect of the Civil War on Southern Marriage Patterns.”
nearly a third: Ibid.
“Married life has lost”: Quoted in Chudacoff, The Age of the Bachelor, 73–74.
250,000 “surplus” women on the East Coast: Quoted in Kessler-Harris, Out to Work, 98.
“the popular belief”: “The Domestic Millennium,” WP, May 22, 1881.
“if women do not marry”: Quoted in “Bad Advocate of a Good Cause,” NYT, July 23, 1882.
“no longer a career”: Kessler-Harris, Out to Work, 98.
“Girls are being prepared daily”: Quoted in Livermore, “What Shall We Do with Our Daughters?,” 1883.
“Who are the women whom the social scientists”: Ibid.
“Five years ago the typewriter”: Quoted in Davies, Woman’s Place, 37.
“six women shorthand writers”: “The First Woman Stenographer,” National Stenographer, vol. 3, 1892.
“In every large down-town building”: Catalogue of the Albany Business College, Albany, NY, 1890.
upward of five dollars an hour: Davies, Woman’s Place, 64.
“I have no objection”: Aron, Ladies and Gentlemen, 211, note 32.
“the gentleman whose initials are I.B.”: Stern, So Much in a Lifetime, 140.
“to accompany her to keep her”: Willard, A Woman of the Century, vol. 2, 767.
“Treasury courtesan” scandal: Aron, Ladies and Gentlemen, 166.
“all female clerks (innocent or guilty) now behaved”: Ibid., 169.
“rather quietly, on high-buttoned shoes”: Davies, Woman’s Place, 55.
fewer than 5 percent: Ibid., Appendix, Table 1.
“office is an awfully hard place”: JAT to Mary Tucker, n.d., TFP.
“I suppose you have noticed”: JAT to Mary Tucker, March 1892, TFP.
“going all the time”: JAT to Mary Tucker, June 1891, TFP.
“I stood it as long as I could”: JAT to Mary Tucker, Nov. 12, 1892, TFP.
“I have at last ‘found location’”: JAT to Mary Tucker, Nov. 28, 1892, TFP.
“The money market has been very high”: JAT to Mary Tucker, March 31, 1893.
“I do hope Patty will get through”: JAT to Maude Tucker, Nov. 23, 1893, TFP.
“I hardly know what I want to do”: JAT to Mary Tucker, Jan. 4, 1894.
8. FOR THE LIKES OF ME
“Mr. Breckinridge never”: “Silver-Tongued Oratory,” WP, Sept. 29, 1893.
“growing opinion that the Congressman”: The Frankfort Roundabout, Oct. 21, 1893; The Frankfort Call, Sept. 29, 1893.
“I did not believe”: WCPB to Desha Breckinridge, Dec. 18, 1893, BFP.
“most important session”: WCPB to J. H. Cunningham, Dec. 23, 1893, BFP.
“Keep Bob locked up”: NYT, Sept. 22, 1894.
“no apparent aim in life”: WCPB to SPB, Oct. 31, 1891, BFP.
“sleep all morning”: WCPB to SPB, Nov. 13, 1891, BFP.
“notorious”: WCPB to SPB, Nov. 19, 1891, BFP.
“over the hand of a Blue Grass beauty”: “At the Governor’s Ball,” NYT, Nov. 15, 1891.
“more or less under the influence”: WCPB to SPB, March 31, 1892, BFP.
“We are making a mighty effort”: WCPB to SPB, April 4, 1892, BFP.
“This is the damnedest mess”: WCPB to SPB, April 26, 1892, BFP.
“Lock father up”: NYT, Sept. 22, 1894.
he jumped ship in Savannah: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 184.
“Happiest Woman in Washington”: Louise Wing Breckinridge to WCPB, March 2, 1893, BFP.
“right serious attack”: WCPB to Desha Breckinridge, Sept. 7, 1893, BFP.
“She does not sleep well”: WCPB to Desha Breckinridge, Jan. 23, 1894, BFP.
“I am somewhat nervous”: Ibid.
“keeper of her husband’s secrets”: May Estelle Cook, “Notes and Comments,” Social Service Review, 93.
“liked all kinds of people”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“missed the point of every joke”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“peace baby”: WCPB to SPB, March 30, 1886, BFP.
childbearing patterns remained: Lewis and Lockridge, “Sally Has Been Sick,” 5.
“There was no doctrine of birth control”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“My father was wonderfully skillful”: Ibid.
“I learnt my letters”: Ibid.
“coveted and forbidden joys”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 62.
“Long before it was time for me”: Ibid., 4.
“a favorite playground”: Ibid., 9.
“She looks somewhat like”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“a sword in one hand”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 26.
“ready reference bureau”: Ibid., 22.
young woman’s neat progression: Censer, Reconstruction of White Southern Womanhood, 32.
widespread fear about a generation of spinsters: Hacker et al., “The Effect of the Civil War on Southern Marriage Patterns,” 39.
“hang[ing] like a locket”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 14.
“when a great number of planters”: Breckinridge, “Mary Desha,” 3.
“If we cannot teach”: Scott, The Southern Lady, 125.
“it was humiliating for a lady”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 14.
“We were very poor”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“dresses were like”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 63.
“coming in swift succession”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
<
br /> “We will be coming back”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 13–14.
“You ought to look squarely”: WCPB to SPB, Oct. 22, 1884, BFP.
“brain a fair chance”: WCPB to SPB, March 30, 1885, BFP.
“established for me or the likes of me”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“The system never does two things well”: Clarke, Sex in Education, 55–56.
“his college life was spent”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
first two black students: Perkins, “Racial Integration of the Seven Sisters Colleges,” 104.
one of the largest slave owners: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 24.
“Purchase all the negroes”: Ibid.
“surely mistaken the price necessary”: Quoted in Martin, The Anti-Slavery Movement in Kentucky Prior to 1850, 26.
“by one experiment emancipate our slaves”: Harrison, The Anti-Slavery Movement in Kentucky, 24.
“Kentucky would have been made a free state”: William Birney in James G. Birney and His Times, quoted in Martin, The Anti-Slavery Movement in Kentucky Prior to 1850, 32, note 69.
“void, and of no force”: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 21.
“where powers are assumed”: Ibid.
“would form a stepping-stone”: Ibid., 22.
“Domestic slavery cannot exist forever”: Martin, The Anti-Slavery Movement in Kentucky Prior to 1850, 101, note 8.
“to allow for the gradual prospective emancipation”: Ibid., 101.
“considerable money and supplies”: Ibid., 59, note 45.
“Platform of Emancipation”: Ibid., 133.
“a leading spokesman”: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 83.
“unchristian”: Ibid., 68.
“aggressive, exclusive and intolerant”: Breckinridge, Papism in the XIX Century, in the United States, 6.
“most degraded and brutal white population”: Ibid., 25.
“take arms in their hands”: Ibid., 163.
three days of rioting: Peter Kumpa, “The Case of the Crazy Nun,” Baltimore Sun, Feb. 19, 1991.
“had been for centuries”: Brown, The Presbyterians, 84.
“took her by the hand”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 12.
“almost despised”: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 87.
“sees fit to ask it in writing”: Quoted in ibid.
“accepted the verdict of the Confederate failure”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
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