by George Dyson
Harvard Computation Laboratory, 5.1, 5.2
Harvard Mark I (tape-controlled electronic calculator)
Harvard University, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 11.1
Haurwitz, Bernhard
Hawkins, David and Frances
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Hazeltine Electronics
H-bomb, see hydrogen bomb
Heath Robinson (cryptanalytic machine)
Heisenberg, Werner
Hilbert, David (1862–1943), 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1, 13.2, 18.1
and completeness of mathematics
and continuum hypothesis
and Gödel
Hilbert program (of formalization), 6.1, 13.1, 13.2
Hippo (weapons design code)
Hiroshima, atomic bombing of (August 6, 1945), 4.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
Hitler, Adolf, 6.1, 10.1, 11.1, 13.1
Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679), 1.1, 6.1
Holmboe, Jørgen
Holzman, Ben
Honeywell, Inc., 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
Honeywell Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp. (patent dispute), 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 18.1
Hoover, J. Edgar, 5.1, 11.1, 18.1
Horizon (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)
horizontal gene transfer, 12.1, 12.2
Hornor, John
Horthy, Miklós, 4.1, 10.1
Hotelling, Harold
Huber-Dyson, Verena (née Haefeli)
Hudson, Henry, 2.1, 3.1
human computers, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 9.1
Hungarians, as Martians, 4.1, 15.1, 15.2
Hungary, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 10.1
Hurd, Cuthbert, on von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2
Huxley, Aldous (1894–1963), 15.1, 15.2
Huxley, Julian (1887–1975)
Huxley, Thomas (1825–1895)
Huygens, Christiaan
hydrodynamics (weapons design) codes, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1
hydrogen bomb (H-bomb, Super), 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1
and ENIAC, 5.1, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
and IAS computer, prf.1, 1.1, 7.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 16.1
opposition to, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 18.1
“The Hypothesis of the Symbiosis of Genes” (Barricelli, 1947)
IAS computer (MANIAC), 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
arithmetic, precision of
construction of, 7.1, 8.1
cooling of, 8.1, 9.1, 16.1
decommissioning of, 14.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2
design of, determined by war-surplus parts
duplication of, 1.1, 8.1, 15.1
funding of, prf.1, ack.1, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1, 14.1
graphical display
high-speed wire drive
and hydrogen bomb, prf.1, 1.1, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 16.1
initial testing of, 8.1, 11.1
input/output, 8.1, 18.1
logical and physical architecture of, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
malfunctions of, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 16.1
name, origins of, 1.1, 5.1, 18.1
power supply (and consumption), 8.1, 8.2, 14.1
reliability of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1, 12.1
speed (and asynchronous arithmetic) of
as Universal Turing Machine, 1.1, 8.1
see also ECP; Williams (memory) tubes
IBM (International Business Machines), 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
and ENIAC, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 10.2
and IAS
and Los Alamos, 4.1, 5.1, 18.1
and Sperry Rand
and von Neumann, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 9.1, 14.1, 18.1
IBM 701 (Defense Calculator), 8.1, 9.1, 14.1, 15.1, 18.1, 18.2
IBM 704
IBM 7044
IBM 7094, 12.1, 18.1
I Ching (and Leibniz)
iconoscope, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1
Identification Friend or Foe (IFF), 7.1, 8.1
ILLIAC (Illinois Automatic Computer)
Illinois, University of, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2, 15.1, 15.2
implosion (for nuclear weapons), 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 15.1
incompleteness and undecidability, 4.1, 6.1, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
see also Entscheidungsproblem; Gödel, Kurt
inefficiency, of computers
infinity, 6.1, 11.1, 13.1, 16.1
information bit, as fundamental unit of
theory of
ingenuity
and intuition, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2
input/output, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2
Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), prf.1, ack.1, ack.2, 1.1
beginnings of, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2
buildings and grounds, 3.1, 6.1
classes of membership at, 1.1, 3.1
computing facilities, present-day
housing project, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 14.1
as “intellectual hotel”, 3.1, 5.1
and Olden Farm, 2.1, 2.2
as refuge for displaced scholars, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1
School of Economics and Politics, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
School of Historical Studies
School of Humanistic Studies
School of Mathematics, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1, 18.1, 18.2
School of Natural Sciences, 3.1, 18.1
see also ECP; Fuld Hall (IAS); Institute Woods; tea (at IAS)
Institute for Numerical Analysis (Los Angeles), 10.1, 14.1
Institute Woods, ack.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 18.1
integrated circuits, 5.1, 8.1, 13.1, 17.1
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), 1.1, 11.1, 18.1
“Interim Progress Report on the Physical Realization of an Electronic Computing Instrument” (Bigelow, Pomerene, Slutz, and Ware, 1947)
International Business Machines; see IBM
Internet, prf.1, 1.1, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2
interstellar communication
intuition, ack.1, 4.1, 6.1, 11.1, 16.1
and ingenuity, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2
iPhone, 12.1, 17.1
Ivar’s Acres of Clams (Seattle)
Ivy Mike (hydrogen bomb test, 1952), 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, 18.1
James II (Duke of York, 1633–1701)
Joe-1 (“First Lightning”) Soviet nuclear test (1949)
Johannesson, Olof (pseudonym of Hannes Alfvén), 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4
JOHNNIAC (RAND), 8.1, 8.2, 15.1, 18.1
Jones, Thomas Davies
JOSS (JOHNNIAC Open-Shop System)
Kahn, Herman
Kakutani, Shizuo
Kann, Jacob
Kann, Margaret (Gitta von Neumann, 1880–1956)
Kaysen, Carl
Kilburn, Tom, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
King’s College (Cambridge), 6.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4
Kolmogorov, Andrey
Kovesi, Mariette (1909–1992), 4.1, 4.2, 10.1, 10.2
Kun, Béla, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1
Kuper, J. B. (Desmond) Horner (1909–1992), 10.1, 10.2
Kürschák, Joseph
Kwajalein (Marshall Islands)
Lacey, Winfield T.
La Jolla, California, 14.1, 17.1, 18.1
Lamb Estate (IBM)
Lamy, New Mexico, 4.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
Langevin, Paul
Langmuir, Irving, 8.1, 15.1
language(s)
of the brain
genetic, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
Hungarian
insect
machine, 12.1, 14.1, 18.1
mathematical, 4.1, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2, 18.1
nonlinear
programming, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 15.1, 18.1, 18.2
universal, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 18.1
see also codes and coding
Larson, Earle R., 5.1, 5.2
Larson, Jens Frederick (1891–1981), 6.1, 6.2
Last and First Men (Stapledon, 1930)
lateral gene transfer, 12.1, 12.2
/> Lawrenceville School
League of Nations, at IAS
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 1.1, 6.1, 8.1, 13.1, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1
on the best of all possible worlds
on binary coding
on his calculating machine, v
and digital computing, 6.1, 6.2
and Duke of Brunswick
on logical calculus
his principle of maximum diversity, 6.1, 6.2, 12.1
and shift registers, 6.1, 8.1
on universal language, 6.1, 6.2
Leidesdorf, Samuel D. (1881–1968), 3.1, 3.2, 14.1
Leipzig, University of
Lenni Lenape, 2.1, 2.2
Lewinson, Jean (Flexner)
life definition of, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 15.1
encoding vs. decoding of, 1.1, 15.1
probability of, 15.1, 15.2
Lighthill, James (1924–1998)
logic, 14.1, 18.1
electronic, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 13.1, 13.2
mathematical, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 15.1
probabilistic, 7.1, 11.1, 15.1, 17.1
Lorenz, Edward (1917–2008)
Los Alamos (National Laboratory), prf.1, ack.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2
computing at, ack.1, 4.1, 5.1, 11.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
Louisville, Kentucky, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1
Lowe, Elias, 5.1, 5.2
Lucky Dragon
Lwów (Poland), 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
Maass, Herbert H. (1878–1957), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 7.1, 14.1
machines defined, by Turing, 13.1, 13.2
nondeterministic, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
see also self-reproducing automata
Mac Lane, Saunders (1909–2005)
MacPhail, Malcolm
Macy (Josiah Jr.) Foundation
Maehly, Hans
magnetohydrodynamics
Manchester Mark 1 (computer)
Manchester University, 8.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 18.1
Mandelbrot, Benoît (1924–2010), 3.1, 18.1
Manhattan Project, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 7.1, 10.1
see also Los Alamos
MANIAC (Mathematical and Numerical Integrator and Computer), see ECP; IAS computer
MANIAC-1 (Los Alamos), 5.1, 15.1, 18.1
Marchant (electromechanical desk calculator), 4.1, 5.1
Mark, Carson (1913–1997), 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
Marshall, Andrew
Marshall Islands, 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 18.1
Martians, Hungarians as, 4.1, 15.1, 15.2
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (von Neumann, 1932), 4.1, 15.1
Mathematical Theory of Communication (Shannon, 1948)
Mathematical Theory of Cryptography (Shannon, 1945)
mathematics advantages of, to IAS
education, in Hungary
and physics, 4.1, 10.1, 11.1
pure vs. applied, 3.1, 4.1, 10.1
“Mathematics and the Arts” (Morse, 1950)
Mauchly, John W. (1907–1980), 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 18.1
on stored-program computing, 5.1, 5.2
“Maxims for Ideal Prognosticators” (Bigelow, 1941), 7.1, 8.1, 16.1
Maxwell, I. Robert (“Captain”)
Maxwell, James Clerk
Maxwell’s demon
Mayer, Harris, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 18.1, 18.2
on von Neumann, 1.1, 14.1
on termination of the ECP
Mayer, Rosalie
McCulloch, Warren S. (1898–1969), 7.1, 15.1
meaning, 6.1, 10.1, 13.1, 14.1, 17.1
topology vs. code, as carrier of
mechanical intelligence, 13.1, 17.1
see also artificial intelligence
mechanical procedure, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2
“Me’lissende” (Robert Oppenheimer)
Melville, Richard W. (1914–1994), 7.1, 7.2, 18.1
memory (storage) acoustic delay line, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 13.1
content-addressable, 17.1, 14.1
cost of
and ECP, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
hierarchical
iconoscope as
inefficiencies of, 14.1, 14.2
read-only (ROM)
resistor-matrix, 5.1, 5.2
serial vs. parallel
solid state (silicon)
as switching problem, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1
von Neumann on scarcity of
see also random-access memory (RAM); Selectron; Williams (memory) tubes
Mercer, General Hugh
Merkelson, Ted
meteorology, see numerical weather prediction
Metropolis, Nicholas (1915–1999), ack.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
and computing at Los Alamos, 4.1, 18.1
and the ENIAC, 5.1, 5.2
and Monte Carlo (code), 10.1, 10.2
on von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2
Metropolis-Hastings algorithm
Michigan, University of, 14.1, 18.1
microprocessors, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1
Miller, Bernetta (1884–1972), 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Mineville, New York
minimax theorem (von Neumann)
Minitotal (Alfvén)
Minsky, Marvin
“Model of General Economic Equilibrium” (von Neumann, 1932), 15.1, 15.2
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Monadology (Leibniz, 1714)
Monte Carlo (code), 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1
Monte Carlo (Monaco), 10.1, 10.2
Montgomery, Deane (1909–1992), 3.1, 3.2
Moore School, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 11.1
Morgenstern, Oskar (1902–1977), 4.1, 4.2, 15.1
on von Neumann, 4.1, 10.1
Morse, Marston (1892–1977), 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 14.1, 14.2, 18.1
on meteorology
Moulton, Forest Ray (1872–1952)
Mount Holyoke College
mulatsag
Munk, Walter
Nagasaki, atomic bombing of (August 9, 1945), 4.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
National Physical Laboratory (NPL), 8.1, 9.1, 13.1, 18.1
Navy, U.S., 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 14.1