by George Dyson
Super Chief (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway), 4.1, 10.1
Super Oralloy Bomb (SOB)
symbiogenesis (Barricelli)
symbioorganism (Barricelli), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 18.1
symbiosis, 12.1, 12.2
Systems Development Corporation
“Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals” (Turing, 1939)
Szegö, Gabriel
Szilárd, Leó (1898–1964), 10.1, 11.1, 15.1
Tale of the Big Computer, The (Alfvén, under pseudonym Johannesson), 17.1, 17.2
Taub, Abraham
Taylor, Theodore B. (1925–2004), 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
T-division (Theoretical Division), Los Alamos, ack.1, 11.1, 11.2
tea (at IAS)
consumption of, by scholars
overconsumption of, by “computer people”
Technocracy movement
Teleological Society
teleology
Teletotal (Alfvén)
television, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.2, 18.1
Teller, Edward (1908–2003), prf.1, 4.1, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 15.1, 18.1
and hydrogen bomb, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 15.1, 18.1
on secrecy
and von Neumann, 4.1, 18.1
Teller-Ulam invention, 11.1, 15.1
see also hydrogen bomb
template-based addressing, 14.1, 17.1, 17.2
Thanksgiving Day storm (1950)
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (von Neumann and Morgenstern, 1944), 4.1, 15.1
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata (von Neumann), 12.1, 15.1, 15.2, 18.1
Theory of the Leisure Class, The (Veblen, 1899)
thermionic valve, see vacuum tubes
thermodynamics, second law of
thermonuclear weapons, see hydrogen bomb
Thomas, Dylan
Thomas J. Watson Research Center (IBM)
Thompson, Philip Duncan (1922–1994), 4.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin)
time
and digital universe, prf.1, prf.2, 11.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4
discreteness of
and “prototime” (Ulam)
scales, relative, 16.1, 16.2
Todd, John
toggle, vs. flip-flop
transistors, 1.1, 7.1, 15.1, 17.1, 18.1
Trinity (nuclear test, July 16, 1945), prf.1, 4.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
tritium
Truman, Harry S., 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
Tucker, Albert, 3.1, 3.2
Tukey, John W. (1915–2000), 1.1, 5.1
Turing, Alan (1912–1954)
childhood and education
arrives at Princeton (1936)
builds relay computer (1937)
cryptography and cryptanalysis in World War II (1940–1945)
visit to USA (1942–1943)
assigned to study ENIAC and EDVAC, (1945)
visits ECP (1947)
receives Order of the British Empire (1946)
sentenced to hormone “therapy” (1952)
death, in Manchester (1954)
apology to, from UK government (2009)
and Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), 8.1, 13.1
on “being digital”
and computability
on evolution
and Gödel
and David Hilbert, 13.1, 13.2
on “His power of creating souls”
on intelligence as search
on intuition and ingenuity, 6.1, 13.1
on mechanical intelligence, 1.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 17.1, 17.2
and nondeterministic machines
on “oracle machines”
on unorganized machines
and von Neumann, 5.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
see also Universal Turing Machine
Turing, Ethel Sara
Turing, Julius Mathison
Turing, Sara, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
Turing’s cathedral, Google as
turtles
Ujelang (Marshall Islands)
Ulam, Adam
Ulam, Claire, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 18.1
Ulam, Françoise Aron (1918–2011), 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 18.1
on hydrogen bomb, 11.1, 11.2
and Los Alamos
on Stan Ulam, 11.1, 11.2
on von Neumann, 4.1, 11.1, 11.2
Ulam, Joseph, 11.1, 11.2
Ulam, Stan (1909–1984), 4.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2
on cellular automata, 11.1, 11.2
childhood and education
and digital universe, 11.1, 11.2, 16.1
on Gödel and Leibniz
on Hungarians
and hydrogen bomb, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
and intuition vs. logic
on logic vs. thought
on mathematics as a game, 10.1, 18.1
and Maxwellian demons
and Monte Carlo
and nuclear space propulsion
and von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 14.1
on von Neumann and Gödel
on Klári von Neumann
on winning at evolution
ultraintelligent machine (I. J. Good)
Unami (Native group)
undecidability (of mathematics), 4.1, 6.1, 13.1, 18.1
see also incompleteness
United States Atomic Energy Commission, see Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), 5.1, 18.1
Universal Constructor (von Neumann)
Universal Turing Machine, prf.1, 1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 17.1
and Gödel
and self-reproducing automata
and virtual machines
Universities: American, English, German (Flexner, 1930)
unpredictability, prf.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
“Usefulness of Useless Knowledge, The” (Flexner, 1939)
vacuum tubes, ack.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 17.1
development and evolution of, 5.1, 5.2
and the ENIAC
see also Computron; Selectron; 6J6
Valle Grande and Valles Caldera (New Mexico), 11.1, 11.2
Vance, Arthur
Vanderbilt University
Varityper (at IAS), 6.1, 7.1
Veblen, Andrew (1848–1932)
Veblen, Kari
Veblen, Oswald (1880–1960), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 13.1, 14.1, 18.1
appointed to IAS (1932)
childhood and education
and displaced scholars, 3.1, 4.1
and ECP, 3.1, 7.1
and the ENIAC, 5.1, 5.2
and establishment of IAS, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 6.1
on formal logic
and Institute Woods, 3.1, 18.1
at Princeton University
and von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 14.1, 18.1
and Norbert Wiener
in World War I
in World War II, 4.1, 6.1
Veblen, Thomas
Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929), 3.1, 3.2
Verne, Jules
Verrazzano, Giovanni da (1485–1528)
virtual machines, 5.1, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1
viruses biological, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 15.1, 15.2
digital, 12.1, 15.1, 18.1
Vista report (on nuclear strategy)
von Arx, William
von Braun, Wernher (1912–1977)
von Kármán, Theodore (1881–1963), 4.1, 5.1, 9.1, 15.1
von Neumann, John (1903–1957), prf.1, prf.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6
von Neumann, John (cont.)
born, Budapest (1903)
childhood and ed
ucation, 4.1, 4.2
receives Rockefeller fellowship (1926)
marries Mariette Kovesi (1929)
arrives in U.S., adopts “Johnny” nickname (1930)
appointed to IAS (1933)
resigns positions in Germany (1933–1935)
becomes U.S. citizen (1937)
marries Klára (Klári) Dan (1938)
mission to England during World War II (1943), 4.1, 13.1
joins Manhattan Project at Los Alamos (1943), 4.1, 5.1
appointed to Atomic Energy Commission (1954)
accepts position at UCLA (1954)
diagnosed with cancer (1955)
final 18 months of life, 14.1, 18.1
death (1957)
and alternative models of computing, 14.1, 14.2
on analog vs. digital, 9.1, 12.1, 14.1
and applied mathematics, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1
and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 1.1, 11.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 18.1
on axiomatization 49–50
and Nils Barricelli
and beginnings of ECP, 6.1, 7.1
and Julian Bigelow, 7.1, 14.1, 18.1
with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen (1938)
on bottlenecks in computing, 5.1, 5.2
and the brain
in Cambridge with Turing (1935)
on communism, 4.1, 10.1, 10.2
character of, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
and Cybernetics movement
driving habits of, 4.1, 10.1, 15.1
and economics, 4.1, 4.2, 15.1
and the EDVAC
and engineers, 4.1, 8.1, 10.1
and the ENIAC, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 11.1
and foundations of mathematics
frequent travels of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1, 16.1
on future of computing
and future of technology
and gambling, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
and game theory, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1, 10.1, 15.1, 18.1
and Gödel, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 13.1, 15.1, 18.1
and Herman Goldstine
and IBM, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 9.1, 14.1, 18.1
and incompleteness
on infinity, 4.1, 16.1
and Los Alamos, prf.1, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 15.1, 18.1
mental abilities of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 14.1, 18.1
and military, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 14.1, 16.1, 17.1
and molecular biology, 12.1, 15.1
on “a network of computers that would span the world” (1945)
on non-linear coding
and nuclear weapons, prf.1, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 15.1, 16.1
and numerical weather prediction, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 18.1
and Oppenheimer, 9.1, 14.1, 14.2
and origins of ECP, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
and patent rights, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1
and preventive (“quick”) war, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 15.1, 18.1
and punched cards, 4.1, 9.1
and RCA, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1
on reliability, 7.1, 12.1
religious beliefs of, 4.1, 14.1
on remote input/output
and Selectron
and shock waves, 4.1, 12.1, 16.1, 16.2
on singularity (technological)
and stored-program computing, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 16.1
superstitions of
and theory of self-reproducing automata, 1.1, 15.1, 15.2
and Turing (and Universal Turing Machine), 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 15.1
and Stan Ulam, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 14.1, 14.2
and Oswald Veblen, 4.1, 14.1, 18.1
work habits, 4.1, 7.1, 10.1
and World War II, 4.1, 6.1
von Neumann, Klári (Klára Dán, 1911–1963), 4.1, 10.1, 10.2, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2
childhood in “Roaring Twenties” Budapest
meets von Neumann in Monte Carlo (1930s)
meets von Neumann in Budapest (1937)
marries John von Neumann (1938)
arrives in U.S. (1938)
suicide of father (1939)
pregnancy and miscarriage (1942)
death, in La Jolla (1963)
and computer programming, 10.1, 10.2
and depression, 10.1, 10.2
on ECP, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, 18.1
and ENIAC, 9.1, 10.1
on Abraham Flexner, 3.1, 3.2
on Hungary and Hungarians
on IAS, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1
marriages of, 10.1, 10.2, 18.1, nts.1n
and Monte Carlo (code), 10.1, 10.2, 16.1
and nuclear weapons design, 10.1, 18.1
and population research, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
and Princeton, 4.1, 10.1, 14.1, 18.1
on John von Neumann, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 11.1, 14.1, 18.1
on von Neumann and destruction of Europe, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
on von Neumann and Morgenstern, 4.1, 4.2
on von Neumann and U.S. landscape, 4.1, 10.1
on Oswald Veblen, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 14.1
Vonneumann, Nicholas (1911–2011), 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
on life under Béla Kun
on family life in Budapest
on John von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 14.1
on Max von Neumann
von Neumann, Max (1873–1928), 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
awarded nobility, 1913
von Neumann, Michael (1907–1989)
von Neumann (Whitman), Marina, 4.1, 10.1, 10.2
on John von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1, 14.1
von Neumann architecture
and non–von Neumann architecture
von Neumann bottleneck
Wald, Abraham, 7.1, 7.2
Walter Reed Hospital, 4.1, 14.1
Ware, Willis, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 18.1, 18.2
on Bigelow, 7.1, 8.1, 14.1
on duplication of IAS computer
joins ECP, 1946
on numerical testing routines
on opposition to ECP at IAS
on Presper Eckert
on Selectron memory
on von Neumann, prf.1, prf.2, 5.1, 10.1
Warren, Robert B.
Washington, George, 2.1, 6.1, 18.1
Washington, University of, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2
Watson, James, 1.1, 12.1, 12.2, 15.1
Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory (IBM)