4. TB, 4 January 1935 (here also the expression “declaration of loyalty”).
5. TB, 6 January 1935.
6. TB, 16 January 1935.
7. VB (B), 15 January 1935, “Der Dank des Führers an die Saar” (headline). On the day of celebration Goebbels spoke at the Königsplatz in Berlin in front of, he estimated, 600,000 people. VB (B), 16 January 1935, “Aufmarsch der 500,000. Dr. Goebbels zur Saar-Feier der Nation.”
8. TB, 22 and 27 January 1935; ADAP C III, no. 463 Aufzeichnung Lammers, 19 January 1935 concerning the conversation of 25 January.
9. Wiggershaus, Der deutsch-englische Flottenvertrag vom 18. Juni 1935, 261ff.; London communiqué of 3 February 1935 and German reply of 13 February 1935: Schwendemann, Handbuch der Sicherheitsfrage und der Abrüstungskonferenz, vol. 2, 787ff., 791ff.; TB, 2, 4, and 16 February 1935: “Reply to Paris and London: Willingness to negotiate. All doors are open. But nothing final. Now the others must do something.”
10. TB, 6 March 1935 concerning 5 March. It referred to the British White Paper on Defence of 4 March 1935.
11. TB, 8, 10, 22, and 24 March 1935.
12. TB, 2 March 1935; VB (B), 2 March 1935, “Reichsminister Frick an die Deutschen der Saar” (repeating the points made in Goebbels’s speech); Hitler’s address: Domarus I, 484ff.; on the celebrations, see Reuth, Goebbels, 327.
13. TB, 14 March 1935. VB (B), 12 March 1935, General Göring on the German air defenses (report on the Daily Mail interview). On the “uncovering” of the German Luftwaffe in March 1935, see Völker, Die deutsche Luftwaffe 1933–1939, 68ff.
14. TB, 16 March 1935.
15. TB, 18 March 1935.
16. Der Angriff, 19 March 1935.
17. TB, 20 March 1935, and 22 March 1935.
18. TB, 26 and 28 March 1935; ADAP C III, no. 555, Aufzeichnung über Gespräch des Führers und Reichskanzlers mit dem englischen Außenminister Simon am 25. März 1935 (including its continuation on 26 March 1935); Wiggershaus, Flottenvertrag, 292ff.
19. TB, 1 April 1935.
20. TB, 5 April 1935, and 7 April 1935: “It’s very serious. Raw materials crisis.”
21. Petersen, Mussolini, 399ff. Stresa communiqué, British and Foreign State Papers, vol. 139, 756ff., 14 April 1935.
22. TB, 5 May 1935. He already had concerns about the military pact on 17 April.
23. TB, 7 April 1935.
24. The cuts amounted to 3 percent in urban districts and 10 percent in rural districts. Further details in Sodeikat, “Der Nationalsozialismus und die Danziger Opposition.” See also Fuchs, Die Beziehungen zwischen der Freien Stadt Danzig und dem Deutschen Reich, 44ff.
25. See observations in Longerich, Politik der Vernichtung, 70ff.; Kershaw, Der Hitler-Mythos, 96ff.
26. TB, 12 March 1935.
27. TB, 11 April, 11 and 17 May as well as 3 June 1934. On the further improvement in the relationship, see TB, 31 August, 25 October 1934, 4 and 25 January, 4, 8, and 16 February 1935.
28. TB, 3 and 5 April 1935, and 9 April 1935.
29. TB, 10 April 1933; Der Angriff, 10 April 1935, “Flugzeuggeschwader über Berlin begleiten Görings Hochzeitszug” (headline); further contributions on the wedding in the inside pages and in the edition of 11 April 1935.
30. TB, 13 May 1935.
31. TB, 15 May 1935.
32. TB, 20 January 1934: “A conceited gossip. Can’t understand why Hitler values him. Possibly suitable for using in minor intrigues.”
33. TB, 15 May 1935.
34. TB, 21 May 1935.
35. TB, 15 May 1935. See also 5 May 1935: “Mussolini requests Neurath via Cerutti [the Italian ambassador in Berlin, whose name was actually spelled Cerruti] to provide good weather. The German sword is once again casting its shadow.”
36. Mattioli, Experimentierfeld der Gewalt., esp. 55ff.; Petersen, Mussolini, 385.
37. PA 1935, 74 (12 February): “Der abbessinisch-italienische Streitfall soll ‘mit brutaler Desinteressiertheit’ und völligster Objektivität behandelt werden.” Further bans on criticism: PA 1935, p. 94 (19 February, p. 113 (27 February); p. 245 (29 April), p. 320 (25 May). See also Petersen, Mussolini, 391.
38. Petersen, Mussolini, 112; Kershaw, Hitler. 1889–1936, 555f.; Domarus I, 505ff.
39. TB, 25 and 27 May 1935. ADAP C IV, no. 109, Rome embassy to the AA, 26 May 1935; Nos 120 and 121; Ambassador v. Hassel to the AA, 30 and 31 May 1935.
40. PA 1935, p. 320.
41. TB, 4 June 1935. On the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, see Hildebrand, Das vergangene Reich, 600ff.; Wiggershaus, Flottenvertrag, esp. 313ff.
42. And also during the following two weeks, while the negotiations were proceeding in London, he was only superficially informed about their progress. TB, 13 and 15 June 1935.
43. TB, 19 June 1935.
44. TB, 21 June 1935.
45. TB, 5 June 1935.
46. TB, 11 June, also 1 August 1935: “Spent a sweet hour with Helga. Practiced obedience.”
47. TB, 27 July 1935; see also 7 November 1935, “Afternoon, worked at home. ‘Disciplined’ Hilde.”
48. TB, 3, 5, 21, and 23 July.
49. TB, 6 April 1935, during a visit to the Deutsches Theater.
50. TB, 11 July 1935, concerning her arrival on the previous day; TB, 13 July 1935, about a conversation on 12 July; TB, 15 July 1935, about 13 July: “Frau Ullrich is leaving. She is very sad that she now has to.”
51. TB, 29 July 1935, and 27 July 1935.
52. TB, 3 August 1935; TB, 3 and 5 August about the trip; TB, 7 August 1935 about the reconciliation.
53. TB, 13 and 15 July 1935.
54. Details of the “Kurfürstendamm riot” in Longerich, Politik der Vernichtung, 78ff., and Longerich, “Davon haben wir nichts gewusst!” 79f.
55. TB, 29 April 1933 and 9 May 1933 (on the conversation with Hitler). TB, 29 May 1935: “Went shopping with Magda in the Kurfürstendamm. Once again quite a crowd of Jews. We’ll have to sort that out again.” Also 5 June 1935.
56. TB, 10, 12, 14, and 28 November 1934.
57. TB, 15 July 1935.
58. TB, 7 July 1935. Also on friendly relations with Helldorf: 9 and 21 April 1935, 17 May 1935, 5 June 1935, 9–17 June 1935.
59. TB, 21 July 1935.
60. TB, 19 August 1935.
61. TB, 19 August 1935.
62. TB, 13 September 1935; Parteitag der Freiheit, vom 10.–16. September 1935, Hitler speech 110ff.
63. TB, 15 September 1934; VB (B), 13 September 1935, “Goebbels reißt dem Kommunismus die Maske ab.”
64. TB, 15 September 1935.
65. On the Nuremberg laws, see Essner, Die “Nürnberger Gesetze,” esp. 113ff.; Friedländer, Das Dritte Reich, vol. 1, 158ff.; Longerich, Politik der Vernichtung, 102ff.
66. Parteitag der Freiheit, 254ff. (Hitler’s speech to the Reichstag).
67. TB, 17 September 1935. Hitler too, he discovered two days later, had “suffered” under Göring’s speech.
68. TB, 19 September 1935.
69. TB, 3 October 1935, also entries for the following days.
70. TB, 5 October 1935. Entries from 20 August 1935, 2, 9, 22, 23, 25 September 1935. Mattioli, Experimentierfeld, 125ff.
71. TB, 13 October 1935, see also 9 and 11 October 1935 and 17 October (speech to the chief editors). This new course is only marginally evident in the press instructions. PA 1935, 665f., 671f. (12 October 1935).
72. TB, 19 October 1935. See also on the same day further down: “Is war going to break out in Europe? If so then 3–4 years too soon for us.” Akten der Reichskanzlei, Regierung Hitler, vol. 2, Hartmannsgruber (ed.), no. 25. On 18 October a ministerial meeting (Chefbesprechung) had taken place at which the currency situation was discussed. The speech is not dealt with here.
73. Mattioli, Experimentierfeld, 125ff.
74. Speech on Wehrmacht Day in Karlshorst, 29 September 1935, FZ, 30 September 1935; speech on 3 October 1935 in Halle, FZ, 5 October 1935.
75. Speech on 4 December 1935, published in Heiber (ed.),
Goebbels Reden, 269ff., esp. 271; see Sywottek, Mobilmachung für den totalen Krieg, 95.
76. New Year’s Eve address 1935, in Der Angriff, 1 January 1936; VB (N), 19 January 1936, about Goebbels’s speech at the Berlin Gau day.
77. UWW, November 1936, Erwin Schmidt, “Von Hamsterern und anderen Schweinen. Wirtschaftspolitische Aufgaben der Propaganda,” 351–55.
78. TB, 7 October 1935; VB (N), 7 October 1935: “ ‘Wir wollen das Rechte tun und niemanden scheuen.’ Der Dank des Führers an den deutschen Bauern.”
79. TB, 11 October 1935; VB (N), 11 October 1935, “Der Ruf des Führers an das deutsche Volk.”
80. UWW, February 1936, Hans Riess, “Der erste Abschnitt des Winterfeldzuges 1935/36—ein voller Erfolg,” 47–51. The report of the RPA Stuttgart noted for Gau Württemberg alone 4900 meetings up until the Christmas vacation. Ibid., June 1936, Walter Tiessler (Head of the Reichsring für NS-Propaganda), “Winter campaign 1935/36,” p. 203f.
81. UWW, November 1935, Hermann Krüger, district culture warden (Kreiskulturwart) for the district of Gifhorn, “Aus der kulturellen Arbeit in einer Kleinstadt,” 380–85, complained of a “real lassitude and indifference” in the Party meetings.
82. UWW, February 1937, Max Cronauer, Gau speaker, “Die öffentliche politische Versammlung, wie sie der Redner sieht,” 54–59. This report also refers to very poor attendance at meetings.
83. UWW, September 1935, Julius Krafft, district departmental head (Kreisabteilungsleiter) Frankfurt a. M., “Die öffentliche Versammlung,” 305–9.
84. UWW, March 1937, Julius Krafft, “Keine Propaganda mit ‘Nachdruck,’ ” 92f.
85. TB, 9 and 11 November 1935.
86. TB, 13 September 1935; Piper, Alfred Rosenberg, 392ff.; Reuth, Goebbels, 334ff.; Bollmus, Das Amt Rosenberg, 80f.; Faustmann, Reichskulturkammer, 63ff.
87. See BAB, NS 8/171, Goebbels to Rosenberg, 7 November 1935; and Goebbels to Rosenberg, 20 March 1936; and Rosenberg to Goebbels, 31 March, 22 April 1936. On the dispute and the ban, see also TB, 3, 5, 11, and 13 October, 9 November 1935. On the preparations for the Cultural Senate, see 19 and 24 October 1935.
88. TB, 17 November 1935; VB (N), 16 November 1935, “Die Jahrestagung der Reichskulturkammer—Der Reichskultursenat eingesetzt.” For the Hitler quotation, see TB, 21 August 1935.
89. TB, 17 November 1935. The first session of the senate took place on 16th (ibid.).
90. VB (B), 23 December 1935; TB, 23 December 1935, and 24 December.
91. TB, 23 and 24 December 1937.
15. “THE TOUGHER THE BETTER!”
1. TB, 6 February 1936.
2. Longerich, Davon, 101.
3. PA 1936, 6 February 1936: The Propaganda Ministry warned the press, which had given prominence to the assassination, to exercise caution; see, for instance, VB (B), 5 February; VB (N), 6 February; Der Angriff, 6 February 1936. The following day, on which the newspapers were dominated by the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics, the Gustloff topic was confined to the inside pages (VB (B) and MNN, which had already led with the Olympic Games on 6 February, did the same on 7 February, as did VB (N) and Der Angriff).
4. TB, 8 February 1936.
5. TB, 11 February 1936; MNN, 11 February 1936, Olympic reception for the Reich and state governments; Der Angriff, 11 February 1936 (photo), The Reich Propaganda Minister at the Munich press gala.
6. TB, 14 December 1936; VB (B), 13 February 1936, “Adolf Hitlers Abschied von Wilhelm Gustloff.”
7. TB, 14 February 1936, 17 February 1936, telephone call to Magda (for the 14th).
8. TB, 17 February; on Hitler’s itinerary, see VB, 14–16 March 1936.
9. TB, 17 February 1936.
10. TB, 21 January 1936.
11. TB, 21 February 1936, for 19 February. See also 20 February 1936: “Lunch with the Führer. He ponders and contemplates. To act or not to act? In the end he will act.”
12. TB, 29 February 1936.
13. TB, 29 February 1936, according to which on 28 February he had recommended a postponement to the Führer.
14. TB, 29 February, 2 March 1936.
15. On the speech, whose text Hitler had modified in view of the impending crisis, see TB, 1 and 2 March; PA 1936, 228f., 231f. (28 and 29 February): instructions to give extensive coverage to the speech. In the speech Goebbels extolled the Reich’s success in producing new materials. FZ, 2 February 1936.
16. TB, 4 March 1936; PA 1936: On 4 March the press was confidentially informed that the deputies were being summoned to an evening get together on 6 March in Berlin that had long been planned and were being requested to stay in Berlin for a few days, as a Reichstag session was planned for the start of the following week; it was intended “as a diplomatic demonstration against the Franco-Soviet pact” (246f.).
17. TB, 8 March 1936. Kabinett: Akten der Reichskanzlei, Regierung Hitler, vol. 3, Hartmannsgruber (ed.), no. 39, Ministerbesprechung, 6 March 1936.
18. TB, 6 and 8 March 1936.
19. Domarus I, 583ff.; on the occupation, see Giro, Frankreich und die Remilitarisierung des Rheinlandes, 67ff.; Reuth, Goebbels, 337ff.
20. TB, 8 March 1936.
21. TB, 17–28 March 1936.
22. On election propaganda, see TB, 10–31 March 1936; PA 1936, 253f. (7 March).
23. Berber (ed.), Locarno, no. 62, Sitzung des Völkerbundrates in London am Nachmittag des 19. März; on the international reactions, see TB, 13, 15, 17, and 19 March 1936; Giro, Frankreich, 336ff.
24. No. 63, Vorschläge der Locarno-Mächte, 19 March 1936; TB, 21 March 1936.
25. Berber, Locarno, no. 68, Vorläufige Antwort der Reichsregierung, 24 March 1936; no. 74, Friedensplan der Deutschen Regierung vom 31. März 1936 (auch ADAP V/1, no. 242); TB, 2 April 1936, and 26 and 28 March 1936 concerning the ongoing negotiations.
26. PA 1936, 24–28 March 1936, documents the careful preparation of the campaign, which reached its climax on the election Sunday.
27. PA 1936, 345f. (26 March).
28. VB (B), 28 March 1936, “Kommando an die Nation. Hisst Flagge! Ganz Deutschland unter dem Hakenkreuzbanner zum 29. März angetreten” (headline). See also VB (B) of 27 March, “Der Führer spricht zu den Arbeitern und Soldaten des neuen Reiches. Noch nie erlebter Gemeinschaftsempfang eines ganzen Volkes—Allgemeine Verkehrs- und Arbeitsruhe” (headline).
29. VB (B), 28 March 1936, “Das ganze deutsche Volk hörte seinen Führer!” (with reports about companies granting holidays throughout the Reich); “Jubel um Hermann Göring. Der Preußische Ministerpräsident beschloß die Wahlkundgebungen in Berlin mit einem begeistert aufgenommenen Appell; weitere Berichte über diverse Veranstaltungen.”
30. See the detailed instructions in the VB (B) of 27 March 1936 and the headline of 28 March, “Letzter Appell des Führers am freien Rhein. Der Volkstag für Ehre, Freiheit und Frieden.”
31. VB (B), 29 March 1936.
32. Behnken (ed.), Deutschland-Berichte der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands 1934–1940 (henceforth SOPADE), April 1936, 407ff., quotation 407.
33. Ibid. p. 407; VB (B), 31 March 1936, with the provisional official election results. PA 1936, p. 362: On 30 March the press received instructions to calculate the percentages from the number of votes cast and not from the number of those entitled to vote. TB, 31 March 1936: “I correct a stupid legal quibble from Frick: ‘valid and invalid votes!’ What nonsense.”
34. TB, 31 March 1936.
35. Giro, Frankreich, 339ff.
36. TB, 15 March 1936, and 17 March 1936.
37. TB, 22 and 29 March 1936: “Our house purchase on Schwanenwerder seems to be going through.” On the house purchase, see Reuth, Goebbels, 340f.
38. TB, 2 April 1936.
39. TB, 2 and 8 April 1936; also 4 April 1936 (about viewing the house); 6 April 1936 (about the impending move) and 9 April 1936 (move); 7 May, 15 August 1936.
40. TB, 19 April 1936.
41. TB, 20 April 1936.
42. TB, 20 April 1936.
43. TB
, 7 August 1936.
44. TB, 21 July 1936.
45. TB, 16 April, 2 May 1936 on the boat purchase. Also 13 May (Hitler’s reaction), 4 and 9 May (boat trips), and 20 May 1936 (money worries).
46. TB, 9 July 1936, and 12 and 28 August 1936 about further trips.
47. TB, 27 June 1936.
48. TB, 30 July 1936. On the first trip with the new car, see 29 September 1936.
49. TB, 22 October 1936.
50. TB, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, and 11 May 1936.
51. TB, 3 June 1936: “In the evening a stroll with Helga. Looked at their house with Gustav Fröhlich and Lida Baarová. It’s very nice.” On this, their first encounter, see also TB, 10 June 1936; Lida Baarová, Die süße Bitterkeit meines Lebens, 81f.
52. Baarová, Die süße Bitterkeit, 83ff. This must have referred to the boat trip, in which, as Goebbels noted on 19 August, Fröhlich und Baarová had taken part.
53. TB, 1–5 August.
54. TB, 10 September 1936.
55. TB, 11 September 1936, also 12 September 1936. On the Party rally, see Baarová, Bitterkeit, 88ff. Film-Kurier, 10 September 1936, “Erfolgreicher Filmstart in Nürnberg. ‘Verräter’-Premiere in der Stadt der Reichsparteitage.”
56. TB, 30 September, 2 October 1936; Baarová, Bitterkeit, 97f.
57. On social contacts with Baarová (whose name he kept spelling incorrectly until the spring of 1937), see 30 November, 10 and 21 December 1936, 14 February, 30 March, 21 April 1937.
58. Fröhlich, Waren das Zeiten, 156ff.; Baarová, Bitterkeit, 112f.
59. Fröhlich, he noted in his diary on 16 May 1937, was “really stupid.” The incident on Schwanenwerder is not in fact mentioned in the diary.
60. TB, 15, 16, 18, and 19 April, 3, 7, and 8 May 1936.
61. TB, 11 May 1936.
62. TB, 11 May 1936, and 15 May 1936: “Führer is stirring up England against Italy. That’s how we must get where we want to be. England feels very bitter and humiliated. One day Mussolini will get to feel it.”
63. TB, 29 May 1936.
64. TB, 28 May 1936.
65. TB, 10 June 1936, and 11 June 1936; on Edda Ciano’s visit, see TB, 3, 7–18 June 1936.
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