68. Kershaw, Hitler. 1936–1945, 738.
69. TB, 28 May 1943, and 30 May 1943.
70. TB, 4 June 1943. Since the previous autumn Goebbels had made several attempts to get German propaganda to offer the prospect of a “European” future. In October and November 1942 he had published two articles for Das Reich on the topic of a “New Europe,” which, however, basically concentrated on emphasizing Germany’s claim as the victorious power to absolute domination (“Das neue Europa,” 4 October 1942, “Die Vision eines neuen Europa,” 11 November 1942). On 22 January Goebbels had raised this issue with Hitler, who assigned him the task of producing a draft paper (TB, 23 January 1943). In March Hitler permitted Goebbels “to touch on and sketch out the matter” during his next speech in the Sports Palace. TB, 9 March 1943.
71. “Überwundene Winterkrise,” published in Aufstieg, 287–306; VB (B), 7 June 1943, “Bezwingender Eindruck der Kundgebung im Sportpalast—In unerschütterlicher Zuversicht.”
72. TB, 6 June 1943.
73. TB, 7 June 1943; also 8, 10, 11, and 12 June 1943.
74. TB, 7 June 1943, and 8 June 1943.
75. SD-Berichte zu Inlandsfragen, 10 June 1943. Meldungen, p. 5345.
76. TB, 11 and 18 June 1943.
77. BAB, NS 18/225. The draft of the circular that Tiessler, Goebbels’s liaison with Bormann, had composed still stated: “On the Führer’s instructions I have launched a propaganda campaign against Jewry, which will continue for months.” Significantly, however, in the circular that was finally issued Goebbels no longer referred to Hitler (ibid., Vorlage Tießler an Goebbels, 19 May 1943).
78. BAB, NS 6/344, R 33/43g of 11 July 1943.
79. Tagesberichte, 29 May 1943; Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 121; TB, 2 June 1943; and 4, 6, 7 June 1943.
80. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 121; TB, 14 June 1943 (Bochum).
81. TB, 12, 14, and 15 June 1943.
82. TB, 22 June 1943; a few days earlier he had already indicated that he was convinced that they would “not be able to avoid some kind of compulsory evacuation from particular cities” (TB, 20 June 1942).
83. TB, 2 July 1943, and 8 August 1943.
84. TB, 10 and 11 July 1943.
85. TB, 3 July 1943.
86. Das Reich, “Das Denkmal der nationalen Solidarität,” 4 July 1943; see also TB, 23 June 1943.
87. TB, 9 July 1943. Der Angriff, 10 July 1943, “Dr. Goebbels in Köln.”
88. TB, 29 June 1943. The letter survey carried out by his office was equally positive: TB, 10 July 1943.
89. TB, 25 June 1944; BAB, R 43 II/654a, committee meeting of 24 June 1943.
90. TB, 23 January, 10 May 1943.
91. TB, 12 May 1943.
92. See extensive correspondence in BAB, R 55/799 and 1435.
93. He had already promised to do this on 9 May (TB, 10 May 1943). In mid-June Bormann had indicated that Hitler supported Goebbels in this dispute: BAB, R 55/1435, telephone note of 15 June 1943.
94. TB, 1 July 1943; BAB, R55/1435, Lammers to Goebbels on the fact that a rapprochement with Rosenberg had not occurred in the conversation of 28 June, 29 June 1942. On the whole issue, see Reuth, Goebbels, 535ff., and Piper, Alfred Rosenberg, 604ff.
95. TB, 19 March 1943.
96. TB, 18 March 1943, and 11 June 1943. Schirach, Ich glaubte an Hitler, 288 (incorrectly dates the closure to January).
97. TB, 21 and 22 March, 24 April 1943.
98. TB, 9 May 1943.
99. Baldur von Schirach, Hitler, 292ff. By contrast Henriette von Schirach’s claim that the argument was caused by the critical comments about Jewish persecution that she had made in front of Hitler appears much less plausible (particularly in view of the fact that in September 1942 her husband, Baldur von Schirach, had boasted in the manuscript of a speech that he had “evacuated tens of thousands of Jews from Vienna to the eastern ghettos” (TB, 15 September 1942). Schirach, Der Preis der Herrlichkeit, 215ff.; both date the incident to April 1943.
100. TB, 10, 21, and 27 August, also 23 September 1943. Negative comments about Schirach among others in entires for 13 January, 18 April 1944.
101. TB, 21 June 1944.
102. TB, 22 June 1944.
103. TB, 26 June 1943.
104. TB, 6–10 July 1943; Frieser, “Die Schlacht am Kursker Bogen.”
105. On the stay in Heidelberg, see TB, 10 July 1943.
106. A similar line is taken in October 1942 in his speech at the gathering of poets in Weimar (TB, 12 October 1942). On 13 June 1943 he had published an editorial in Das Reich in which under the heading “Von der Freiheit des Geistes” (On Intellectual Freedom) he emphasized the difference between the valuable work of “intellectual workers” and the subversive activities of “intellectuals,” once again strongly attacking the latter. Also in Aufstieg, 315–22; TB, 1 June 1943.
107. Published in Heiber (ed.), Goebbels Reden, no. 20.
108. Schröder, Italiens Kriegsaustritt 1943, 158ff.; see also TB, 12–15 July 1943.
109. Pessimistic also in TB, 16 and 17 July 1943.
110. Frieser, “Schlacht,” 174ff.
111. Frieser, “Schlacht,” 139ff.
112. TB, 19 July 1943.
113. TB, 21 and 22 July 1943.
114. TB, 18 July 1943; BAK, ZSg 109/43, 17 July 1943, TP 2: “In considering the situation in Sicily, particular attention should be paid to emphasizing the determination of the German troops deployed there to fight and defend their positions.”
115. TB, 19 July 1943.
116. TB, 20 and 21 July 1943; ADAP E VI, no. 159, Aufzeichnung Schmidt, 20 July 1943; on the meeting, see Kershaw, Hitler. 1936–1945, 771.
117. TB, 21 July 1943.
118. TB, 25 July 1943. The information presumably came from the ambassador, Mackensen, who had a conversation with Farinacci on 22 July (ADAP E VI, no. 166, report of 22 July 1943).
119. On the meeting of the Grand Council, see Woller, Die Abrechnung mit dem Faschismus in Italien 1943 bis 1948, 9ff.; Bosworth, Mussolini, 400f.
120. TB, 30 November 1942: “It has come to our ears—so far in any case unconfirmed—that there are circles in Italy who intend to make contact with the enemy or have already done so. These circles are supposed to include Graziani and Badoglio, and above all Volpi. I can entirely believe that of Badoglio and Volpi, particularly the latter.”
121. TB, 26 July 1943.
122. TB, 27 July 1943 (for all the meetings on 26 July).
123. On the meetings on 26 July 1943, see Heiber (ed.), Lagebesprechungen im Führerhauptquartier, 331.
124. TB, 27 July (quotation) and 28 July 1943.
125. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 106ff.; Brunswig, Feuersturm über Hamburg; Middlebrook, Hamburg Juli 43.
126. TB, 26 July 1943.
127. TB, 1 August 1943.
128. TB, 1 August 1943.
129. For example VB (B), editorials of 1, 3, and 4 August 1943.
130. TB, 1 August 1942.
131. VB (B), 4 August 1943, “Ein Wort zum Luftkrieg”; Aufstieg, 400–3.
132. TB, 2 August 1942.
133. TB, 14 August 1942.
134. TB, 3, 4, and 5 August 1943.
135. Girbig,…im Anflug auf die Reichshauptstadt, 69f.
136. TB, 5 August 1943.
137. TB, 16 and 18 August 1943.
138. TB, 18 August 1943.
139. TB, 10 and 21 August 1943.
140. TB, 21 August 1943. Hölsken, Die V-Waffen, 98.
141. TB, 28 August 1943. SD-Berichte zu Inlandsfragen, 26 August 1943 (Meldungen, p. 5675).
142. TB, 16 August 1943.
143. TB, 18 August 1943.
144. BAB, NS 18/1125, Vorlage Tießler für Parteikanzlei, 19 August 1943.
145. TB, 12 September, 12 December 1943.
146. TB, 16 August 1943.
147. BAB, NS 18/1071, 28 May 1943. See also BAB, R 55/603, letter from the state secretary to the Reich propaganda offices, 27 February 1943.
148. BAB, R 55/603, 13 September 1943.
149. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 178.
150. TB, 24 August 1943.
151. TB, 25 August 1943.
152. TB, 26 August 1943, and 19 August 1943.
153. TB, 28 August 1943.
154. TB, 1 September 1943.
155. TB, 2 September 1943; also 7 and 8 September 1943.
156. TB, 1 September 1943.
157. TB, 3 September 1943.
158. TB, 1 September 1943.
159. TB, 4 September 1943.
160. TB, 6 September 1943.
161. This is reflected, for example, in Goebbels’s diary entry of 22 July 1943. The main theme is that the Wehrmacht has now gone onto the defensive.
162. TB, 6 August 1943, and already on 3 August 1943 on the impending evacuation.
163. Frieser, “Schlacht,” 190ff.
164. Frieser, “Der Rückzug der Heeresgruppe Mitte nach Weißrußland.”
165. TB, 10 August 1943.
166. In June 1943 Hitler had already stressed to him that the offices of Propaganda Minister, head of the Party’s propaganda and Gauleiter of Berlin should always be held by the same person. TB, 23 June 1942.
167. TB, 13–18 August 1943; on operation “Lehrgang” (course), see Schröder, Kriegsaustritt, 263ff.; on the situation in Sicily, see Schreiber, “Ende,” 1109ff.
168. TB, 22 August 1943; in general entries from 11 to 24 August 1943. Frieser, “Rückzug,” 297ff.; Frieser, “Schlacht,” 198.
27. “I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THE FÜHRER’S GOING TO DO IN THE END”
1. Schreiber, “Ende,” 1127, 1118; TB, 4–7 September 1943.
2. TB, 8 September 1943.
3. TB, 10 September 1943, and 11 September 1943; Schröder, Kriegsaustritt, 281ff.; Schreiber, “Ende,” 1119ff.
4. TB, 10 September 1943 and continuing entries during the coming days; Schreiber, “Ende,” 1126ff.
5. Domarus II, 2035ff.; TB, 11 September 1943. For Goebbels’s reaction to the speech, see TB, 13 September 1943.
6. TB, 13 September 1943; this was similar to his assessment of the situation before the freeing of Mussolini, when he reflected that Mussolini’s return to the political life of Italy would not really be in Germany’s interest (TB, 11 September 1943).
7. TB, 15 September 1943.
8. TB, 15 September 1943.
9. TB, 17 and 18 September 1943; Schreiber, “Ende,” 1130.
10. BAK, ZSg 109/44, 14 September 1943, TP 2, The course of the battle was “favorable,” 15 September 1943, TP 2, “Caution” was appropriate, 16 September 1943, IIa, “favorable,” 17 September, TP 2, “Caution.”
11. TB, 18 September 1943, and 19 September 1943.
12. TB, 19 September 1943.
13. TB, 19 and 21 September 1943.
14. TB, 22 September 1943.
15. TB, 23 September 1943.
16. TB, 2 September 1943. Edda was the illegitimate child of Rachele Guidi and Benito Mussolini (who married in 1915) and was born on 1 September 1910; see Bosworth, Mussolini, 74.
17. Frieser, “Die Rückzugsoperationen der Heeresgruppe Süd in der Ukraine,” 357ff., 362ff.
18. Frieser, “Rückzug,” 301ff.
19. BAB, NS 18/264, Aktionsplan der RPL für die Propagandaaktion vom 15. September bis 15. November 1943 (draft). Note from the chief of staff of the head of the Party’s Reich propaganda department concerning Bormann’s agreement, 17 August 1943. PK-Anordnungen A 55 and 56 of 28 and 29 September 1943 (NS 6/342). See Nolzen, “Die NSDAP, der Krieg und die deutsche Gesellschaft,” esp. 162.
20. TB, 1 October 1943, also 9, 22, and 30 October, 12 November 1943.
21. TB, 7 October 1943.
22. See also TB, 29 September 1943 on the conversation with Speer about armaments. On the personnel changes in the Economics Ministry, see Herbst, Der totale Krieg, 267ff.
23. See TB, 2 and 19 October 1943.
24. The text of Himmler’s Posen speech is published in Smith (ed.), Heinrich Himmler, 162ff.
25. Domarus II, p. 2045; VB (B), 9 October 1943, “Der Führer: Von unserem Willen hängt der deutsche Sieg ab” (headline); TB, 7 and 9 October 1943 (the entry for 8 October is missing).
26. TB, 30 October 1943.
27. TB, 9 November 1943.
28. TB, 30 November 1943.
29. Frieser, “Rückzugsoperationen,” 382f.; Frieser, “Das Ausweichen der Heeresgruppe Nord von Leningrad ins Baltikum”; Schönherr, “Der Rückzug der Heeresgruppe A über die Krim bis Rumänien.”
30. TB, 26 and 27 November, also 17 December 1942.
31. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 188; TB, 20 November 1943.
32. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 188.
33. TB, 15 November 1943.
34. TB, 23 November 1943, edition text supplemented with minor additions.
35. TB, 24 November 1943.
36. TB, 24 November 1943.
37. TB, 24 November 1943.
38. TB, 27 November 1943.
39. TB, 27 November 1943.
40. TB, 28 November 1943, and 30 November 1943.
41. TB, 3 December 1943 (on the arrangement of this group of helpers); see also 28 November 1943.
42. TB, 29 November 1943.
43. VB (B), 29 November 1943.
44. See also TB, 26 November 1943.
45. TB, 21 December 1943; BAB, R 43 II/1648, also published in Moll, “Führer-Erlass,” no. 288. On the background, see TB, 19 December 1943.
46. TB, 20 December 1943; also 21, 25, and 28 December 1940; Hoffmann had already presented him with initial proposals for his new task at the end of November: TB, 1 December 1943; BAB, R 43 II/669d, Vermerk über die Besprechung of 4 January 1944; Blank, “Kriegsalltag,” 392f.; Blank, “Albert Hoffmann als Reichsverteidigungskommissar im Gau Westfalen-Süd 1943–1945.”
47. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 188; TB, 17, 18, 25, and 31 December 1943.
48. TB, 23 December 1943.
49. TB, 25 December 1943.
50. TB, 3 January 1944; Tagesberichte, 1 January 1944.
51. Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 188; TB, 21 and 22 January 1944.
52. TB, 29 and 30 January 1944; Gröhler, Bombenkrieg, 188.
53. TB, 31 January 1944.
54. TB, 1–9 January 1944.
55. TB, 5 February 1944.
56. Das Reich, 13 February 1944; TB, 1 February 1944.
57. TB, 18 February 1944 (difficult to decipher).
58. TB, 4, 10, and 19 February 1944.
59. TB, 19 December 1943, 19 February, 27 April 1944.
60. TB, 24 February 1944.
61. TB, 18 April 1944.
62. Kershaw, Hitler. 1936–1945, 797.
63. TB, 28 October 1943; see also 9 November 1943.
64. TB, 29 February 1944.
65. TB, 25 January 1944, also 15 March, 18 April 1944.
66. 15 March 1944.
67. TB, 25 February 1944: “Himmler, like Bormann, keeps trying to establish closer contact with me, which is very agreeable.”
68. Concerning lengthy conversations: TB, 27 November 1943 and 18 January 1944; because Speer was in a sanatorium he gave Naumann the task of maintaining these contacts: TB, 6 February, 9 March 1944.
69. Skeptical comments about Ley in TB, 6, 15, and 29 January also 25 February 1944.
70. Führererlaß of 15 August 1943 betr. die Abgrenzung der Zuständigkeiten zwischen dem Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda und dem Reichsminister für die besetzten Ostgebiete, BAB, R 55/1436, published in Moll, “Führer-Erlasse,” no. 262; TB, 28 August 1943.
71. BAB, R 55/1435, Ministeramt an Staatssekretär: no directives received up till now, 21 September 1943.
72. TB, 20 October 1943; see also 22 September, 2 October 1943.
73. Lammers to Goebbels, 27 October 1943, BAB, R 55/1435.
74. On the negotiations, see BAB, R 55/1436, minutes of the meeting in the Ministry of the Eastern Territories, 16 September 1943, Leiter R to Goebbels, 16 September 1943, with drafts from both ministries for the agreement and further rele
vant correspondence; TB, 12 December 1944.
75. BAB, R 6/11, Abkommen über die Zusammenarbeit in Presse- und Propagandaangelegenheiten zwischen Ostministerium und Propagandaministerium of 20 December 1944.
76. BAB, R 55/440, Erlaß über die Errichtung von Propagandaämtern in den besetzten Ostgebieten of 17 December 1943, in Nachrichtenblatt, 23 December 1943. The diary entry for 15 January 1944 in which Goebbels reports on a further ministerial meeting about the subject suggests further difficulties.
77. TB, 11 and 23 September 1943.
78. TB, 24 February, 4 and 15 March 1944 (quotation). Dobroszycki, Die legale polnische Presse, 66; Hoffmann, NS-Propaganda in den Niederlanden.
79. Boelcke (ed.), Deutschlands Rüstung im Zweiten Weltkrieg, 13–15 May 1943, no. 21, and 30 May 1943, no. 31.
80. TB, 10 May 1943. On Goebbels’s ambitions and Hitler’s promises, see also TB, 3 January, 14 February, 12 May, 11 June, 11 July, 29 August, 11, 23, and 30 September 1943; see also Uziel, Propaganda Warriors, 200ff.
81. TB, 27 October 1943.
82. During 1943 the friction with the Foreign Ministry continued, particularly on account of the dispute over responsibilities for foreign propaganda: TB, 16, 23, 27, and 28 March 1943. They were to continue at the beginning of 1944: TB, 12 and 18 February, 4 and 10 March 1944.
83. Details in Longerich, Propagandisten, 227f.; TB, 13 and 14 November 1943.
84. BAK, NL 1118/106, Goebbels letter of 24 November 1943.
85. TB, 9 and 10 December 1943, on the basis of information from Lammers.
86. TB, 1 July, 17 October 1943, also 17 March 1944.
87. TB, 18 (quotation) and 19 April 1944. On the planned changes, see already 26 January 1944.
88. TB, 14 and 24 August 1944; also 23 September, 11 December 1944.
89. TB, 8, 20, and 23 January 1944.
90. TB, 4 and 6 January 1944 (quotation).
91. TB, 7 June, and 9 and 10 June 1944.
92. TB, 20 December 1943.
93. TB, 14 May 1944.
94. TB, 23 December 1944.
95. TB, 21 December 1943.
96. TB, 22 December 1943, 7, 9, and 18 January 1944.
97. TB, 17 February 1944, also 25 January, 17 February 1944, 19 November, 18 and 20 December 1943. He had already given vent to his suspicions in the entry of 26 March 1942: He now wanted “to get Schach closer to me and marginalize Görlitzer more and more.” The final appointment to the position of deputy Gauleiter occurred only in January 1945: TB, 4 January 1945.
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