56
Servius (auctus) ad Aen., III, 333: ‘Reddita’ more veteri pro ‘data’ accipiendum est.. . Ennius Annalibus —
At Ilia reddita nuptum,
56
Ilia is married to Tiber:
Servius (supplemented) on ‘reddita’ in Virgil: ‘reddita’ must, as an archaic usage, be taken to mean ‘data’; Ennius in the Annals —
But Ilia, rendered into wedlock,
57
Tertullianus, adv. Val., 7: Ennius poeta —
cenacula maxima caeli
simpliciter pronuntiavit de elati situs nomine vel quia Iovem illic epulantem legerat apud Homerum.
Cp. Schol. Ver. ad Aen., X, 1.
57
The gods assemble to decide the fate of Romulus:
Tertullian: Ennius the poet spoke simply of — most mighty dining-halls of heaven either on account of their lofty position or because in a passage of Homer he had read of Jupiter feasting there.
58
Servius, ad Acn., X, 5: —
bipatentibus
Est autem sermo Ennianus, tractus ab ostiis quae ex utraque parte aperiuntur.
58
Servius, on ‘bipatentibus’ in Virgil: —
with twin openings
This mode of expression is Ennian, and is drawn from the use of doors which we unclose both to right and left.
59
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 9: ‘Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum.’ (Aen., IV, 482, VI, 797.) Ennius in I —
qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum.
59
The assembled gods; Jupiter:
Macrobius: (Atlas) ‘whirls on his shoulders the sky dotted’ with blazing stars. Ennius in the first book —
who spins round the sky dotted with shining stars.
60–1
Martianus Capella, I, 42: Ipsius collegae Iovis.. . bis seni cum eodem Tonante numerantur quos.. . distichum complectitur Ennianum —
Iuno Vesta Minerva Ceres Diana Venus Mars Mercurius Iovis Neptunus Vulcanus Apollo
Cp. Apulei., de deo Socr., 2, 6, 23.
60–1
Martianus Capella: The colleagues of Jupiter himself amount to twice six in number, including the Thunderer just mentioned; whose names are contained in a pair of lines in Ennius —
Juno Vesta Minerva Ceres Diana Venus Mars Mercury Jupiter Neptune Vulcan Apollo
62
Servius ad Aen., IV, 576: Aut distinguendum ‘sancte’ aut ‘sancte deorum’ secundum Ennium dixit —
Respondit Iuno Saturnia sancta dearum.
Cp. Donat., ap. G.L., IV, 394, 1 K: Serg., explanat. in Donat., ap. G.L., IV, 563, 20 K: Pompei., ap. G.L., V, 291, 17 K: Mar. Plot. Sac, ap. G.L., VI, 450, 20 K (pulchra dearum).
62
Speech of Juno; she agrees to the deification of Romulus:
Servius, on ‘sancte deorum’ in Virgil: We must either put a comma after ‘sancte’ or else he used the phrase ‘sancte deorum’ after Ennius —
Juno, hallowed among goddesses, daughter of Saturn, made answer.
63–4
Varro, L.L., VII, 5: Dicam in hoc libro de verbis quae a poetis sunt posita.. . incipiam hinc —
‘Unus erit quem tu tolles in caerula caeli templa.’
Cp. Ovid., Met., XIV, 812 ff.; Fasti, II, 485 ff.
63–4
Jupiter foretells to Mars that only one of his sons shall be deified:
Varro: In this book I shall speak of words which find a place in the poets.... I will begin with this —
‘One there will be whom thou shalt raise up to the blue precincts of the sky.
65
Festus, 392, 35: ‘Remanant,’ replent. Ennius lib. I —
... destituunt rivos camposque remanant
Cp. Paul., ex F., 393, 11.
65
The Tiber overflows; the effects:
Festus: ‘Remanant,’ they fill. E. in the first book —
The waters leave the streams and overtrickle the plains.
66–9
Fronto, de Orat., 160 N: ‘Factum est’: eodem hoc verbo Enni†. urmiak.. . —
ait —
factum est.. .
... et facinus commemorabile. Tiberis est Tusce Tiber quem iubes cludi. Tiber amnis et dominus et fluentium circa regnator undarum. Ennius —
Postquam constituit sese fluvius qui est omnibus princeps............ . cui succidit Ilia
Cp. Cic, Orat., 48, 161.
66–9
Jupiter orders Tiber to subside:
Fronto: ‘It was done.’ This same verb is used by Ennius... —
the broken places to be dammed up;
he says —
it was done... the Tiber
... and a noteworthy act. ‘Tiberis’ is in Tuscan dialect ‘Tiber,’ which you order to be dammed up. The river Tiber is lord and ruler of all flowing waters round those parts. Ennius —
After the river which is chief over all settled down... for whose sake Ilia did sink beneath
destituunt S clivis decedunt olim V desubito linquent Bergk desunt Fest. prob. V qui (Rh. Mus. XIV, 552)
Fronto, de Orat., 160: fortasse verbo Ennius utitur in I An
cui succidit (vel subiacet, succubat, succinit) Ilia W lac. indicavi sec. Kuebler qui sub civilia cd. trib. Ann. lib. I ed. Lips.
70
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 128, 31 K: ‘Fici.’ Ennius —
fici dulciferae lactantes ubere toto
70
The trough holding Ilia’s twins Romulus and Remus is cast up by a fig-tree which was later called the ‘Fig-Tree of the Paps.’
Charisius: ‘Fici.’ Ennius —
sweet-bearing figs, dripping milk from the whole udder.
71
Servius (auctus) ad Aen., II, 355: Sane apud veteres ‘lupus’ promiscuum erat, ut Ennius —
lupus femina feta repente
Cp. Fest., 402, 4; Quintil., I, 6, 12.
Servius, ad Aen., VIII, 631 Sane totus hic locus Ennianus est.
71
The she-wolf:
Serviusn (supplemented): The noun ‘lupus’ was in old writers certainly common to both genders, as in Ennius — Suddenly a she-wolf big with young
She suckles Romulus and Remus:
Servius: The whole of this passage (Aen., VIII, 630–4) is certainly modelled on Ennius.
72–4
Nonius, 378, 15: ‘Parumper’ cito ac velociter.. . —
Indotuetur ibi lupus femina, conspicit omnis: hinc campum celeri passu permensa parumper coniicit in silvam sese.
72–4
The wolf sees the shepherds and flees:
Nonius: ‘Parumper,’ speedily and quickly... —
Thereupon the she-wolf gazed and saw them all; then she, passing over the plain with quick lope, hurriedly betook herself into a wood.
75–6
Nonius, 134, 11: ‘Licitari,’ congredi, pugnare. Ennius —
pars ludicre saxa iactant, inter se licitantur
75–6
Romulus and Remus sport with the shepherds:
Nonius: ‘Licitari,’ to engage in battle, to fight. E. —
Some hurled stones in play and justled one with another.
77
Festus, 376, 22: ‘Ratus sum’ significat ‘putavi’: sed alioqui pro ‘firmo,’ certo,’ ponitur’ ratus est,’ et ‘ratum.’ Ennius —
Occiduntur ubi potitur ratus Romulus praedam.
77
Romulus as a hunter:
Festus: ‘Ratus sum’ means ‘I thought’ but apart from this ‘ratus’ and ‘ratum’ are put for ‘firm,’ ‘sure.’ Ennius —
They were cut down when Romulus the Resolved won his quarry.
78
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 13: ‘Accipe daque fidem, sunt nobis fortia bello | pectora’ (Aen., VIII, 150). Ennius in I —
‘Accipe daque fidem foedusque feri bene firmum.
78
Romulus is reconciled with Numitor:
Macrobius quoting Virgil: ‘Give and take you plighted troth: there are within us hearts brave in war.’ Ennius in the first book —
‘Give and take you plighted troth and make a treaty truly firm.
79
Macrobius, VI, 1, 14: ‘Et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat’ (Aen., III, 597). Ennius in I —
Quom superum lumen nox intempesta teneret,
79
Romulus and Remus are about to take the auspices for founding a city; they wait for daybreak:
Macrobius: ‘And the dead of night held hid the moon in a black mist.’ Ennius in the first book —
When the dead of night held hid the light above,
80–100
Cicero, de Div., I, 48, 107 ff.: Itaque Romulus augur ut apud Ennium est, cum fratre item augure —
Curantes magna cum cura tum cupientes regni dant operam simul auspicio augurioque;............ [in monte].......... . Remus auspicio se devovet atque secundam solus avem servat. At Romulus pulcher in alto 85quaerit Aventino, servat genus altivolantum. Certabant urbem Romam Remoramve vocarent. Omnibus cura viris uter esset induperator: expectant, veluti consul quom mittere signum volt, omnes avidi spectant ad carceris oras 90quam mox emittat pictis e faucibus currus: sic exspectabat populus atque ora tenebat, rebus utri magni victoria sit data regni. Interea sol albus recessit in infera noctis. Exin candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux; 95et simul ex alto longe pulcherruma praepes laeva volavit avis, simul aureus exoritur sol. Cedunt de caelo ter quattuor corpora sancta avium, praepetibus sese pulchrisque locis dant. Conspicit inde sibi data Romulus esse propritim 100auspicio regni stabilita scamna solumque.
Cp. Gell., VI, 6, 9.
Excerpta ex cod. Cassin. 90 C, ap. C.G.L., V, 578, 3: Romae conditor certus nescitur. Ennius et alii a Romulo.
Cp. Servius (auct.) ad Aen., I, 273.
80–100
Romulus and Remus take the auspices at dawn; Romulus stands on the north-west of the Aventine, Remus on the southeast:
Cicero: And thus Romulus, as augur with his brother, likewise as augur, as takes place in a passage of Ennius —
Careful with a great care, each also in eagerness for royal rule, they are intent on the watching and soothsaying of birds... [on a hill.]... Remus devotes himself to watching and apart looks out for a favourable bird. But handsome Romulus makes his search on high Aventine and so looks out for the soaring breed. Whether they should call the city Roma or Remora — this was their contest. Anxiety filled all the men as to which of the two should be ruler. As, when the consul means to give the signal, all men look eagerly at the barrier’s bounds to see how soon he will send the chariots forth from the painted mouths — so they waited Thus were the people waiting, and held their tongues, wondering to which of the two the victory of right royal rule should be given by the event. Meanwhile the white sun withdrew into depths of night. Then clear shot forth, struck out in rays, a light: just when, winging to the left, there flew from the height a bird, the luckiest far of flying prophets, just then all golden there came out the sun. Thrice four hallowed forms of birds moved down from the sky, and betook themselves to places lucky and of happy omen. From this saw Romulus that to him, to be his own, were duly given the chair and throne of royalty, established firm by the watching of birds.
Romulus founds the city of Rome:
An excerpt from a glossary: Of Rome, there is no known founder common to tradition.... Ennius and others say it was founded by Romulus.
101
Festus, 348, 4: ‘Quamde’ pro quam.. . —
‘Iuppiter, ut muro fretus magis quamde manus vi!’
101
Remus scoffs at Romulus and his wall on the Palatine:
Festus: ‘Quamde,’ for quam... —
‘Jupiter! Yes, truly relies he more on a wall than the might of his arm!’
102–3
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 15: Tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas | persolves (Aen., IX, 420). Ennius in I —
‘Nec pol homo quisquam faciet inpune animatus hoc nec tu; nam mi calido dabis sanguine poenas.’
Cp. Serv. auct. ad Aen., IX, 420.
102–3
Romulus threatens Remus with death:
Macrobius, quoting Virgil: Meanwhile you shall none the less pay full recompense to me with your life-blood. Ennius in the first book —
‘Neither you nor any man alive shall do this unpunished: no, you shall give recompense to me with your life-blood.’
104
Nonius, 516, 11: ‘Torviter’.. . —
‘Ast hic quem nunc tu tam torviter increpuisti
104
A mediator seeks to heal a quarrel:
Nonius: ‘Torviter’... —
‘But he whom you just now so fiercely noised at
105
Festus, 426, 2: ‘Sum’ pro ‘eum’ —
‘Astu non vi sum summam servare decet rem.
105
Festus: ‘Sum’ for ‘eum’... —
‘But by stratagem, not brute force, should he seek to save this state
106
Festus, 460, 12: ‘Stolidus’ stultus.. . —
nam vi depugnare sues stolidi soliti sunt.
106
Festus: ‘Stolidus,’ Billy... —
‘for to fight out a quarrel by blind force — it is a thing of blockhead boars beloved.
107
Grammat., Bravis Expos. Verg. Georg., ad II, 384: Romulus cum aedificasset templum Iovi Feretrio pelles unctas stravit et sic ludos edidit ut caestibus dimicarent et cursu contenderent, quam rem Ennius in Annalibus testatur.
Servius (auctus) ad Aen., III, 384: Et quidam ‘lentandus’ nove verbum fictum putant, sed in Annalibus legitur —
conque fricati oleo lentati adque arma parati.
Paulus, F., 25, 17: ‘Bellicrepam’ saltationem dicebant quando cum armis saltabant, quod a Romulo institutum est, ne simile pateretur quod fecerat ipse cum a ludis Sabinorum virgines rapuit.
107
The war with the Sabines. Having built temples after the defeat of the Sabines, Romulus celebrates public games and dances:
A grammarian: When Romulus had built a temple to Jupiter Feretrius, he caused greased hides to be spread out and held games in such a manner that men fought with gauntlets and competed in running races; Ennius bears witness to this fact in the Annals.
Servius (supplemented) on ‘lentandus’ in Virgil: And some think that ‘lentandus’ is a coined word of Virgil’s; but in the Annals we read —
Rubbed down with oil, suppled and ready for taking arms.
Paulus: ‘Noise o’ War’ was a term the Romans were wont to use of dancing when they danced with weapons; this was an institution of Romulus so that he should not suffer the like of what he himself did when he dragged off the maidens of the Sabines at their public games.
108
Festus, 476, 17: ‘Sas’ Verrius putat significare ‘eas’ teste Ennio qui dicat in lib. I —
[‘virgines;] nam sibi quisque domi Romanus habet sas.’
Paul., 25, 17 bellicrepa vocab. trib. Enn. O. Mueller, Ann. lib. I Ilberg.
108
Rape of the Sabine women. A Sabine speaks:
Festus: ‘Sas.’ Verrius believes it means ‘eas,’ his witness being Ennius on the ground that he says in the first book —
‘maidens; for the Romans have each their own at home.
where it seems rather to mean ‘suas.’
109
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 591, 5 K:.. . nominativo.. . brevem te syllabam pro met.. . addere solent auctores... . Ennius —
Tite tute Tati tibi tanta tyranne tulis
ti!
Cp. Pompei., ap. G.L., V, 303, 33 K: Priscian. ap. III, 492, 25 K: al.
109
Rage of the Romans against Titus Tatius:
Priscian: In the nominative... authors are wont to add the short syllable te instead of met.... Ennius —
‘Thyself to thyself, Titus Tatius the tyrant, thou tookest those terrible troubles.’
110
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 196, 15 K: ‘Concorditer’.. . —
‘Aeternum seritote diem concorditer ambo.’
110
Charisius: ‘Concorditer’... —
‘Both of you, while away your days in friendliness for ever.’
111
Gellius, XIII, 23, 19: Ennius.. . in primo Annali.. . —
‘Nerienem Mavortis et Herem
si quod minime solet numerum servavit, primam syllabam intendit, tertiam corripuit.
111
Hersilia’s prayer:
Gellius: Ennius also in the first book of Annals —
‘Nerio, consort of Mars, and Here likewise’
if he has preserved the metre (which is certainly not always the case with him), has lengthened the first syllable and shortened the third.
112–13
Nonius, III, 39: ‘Fortunatim,’ prospere.. . —
‘Quod mihi reique fidei regno vobisque, Quirites, se fortunatim feliciter ac bene vortat.
Varro, L.L., V, 55: Ut ait Ennius, Titienses a Tatio, Ramnenses a Romulo, Luceres, ut Iunius, ab Lucumone.
Servius, ad Aen., VI, 777: secundum Ennium, referetur (Romulus) inter deos cum Aenea.
112–13
Romulus to Titus Tatius after the establishment of double kingship?:
Nonius: ‘Fortunatim,’ prosperously... —
‘And may this, I pray, turn out in fortune prosperous and fair for me, our task, our plighted troth, our kingdom, and for you, my citizens.
The Sabines form a new tribe at Rome:
Varro: According to Ennius, the Titienses were so called from Tatius, the Ramnenses from Romulus; the Luceres, according to Junius, from Lucumo.
Romulus is deified:
Servius: According to Ennius, Romulus will be reckoned with Aeneas among the gods.
114–15
Servius, ad Aen., VI, 763: ‘Aevum, proprie aeternitas est quae non nisi in deos venit. Ennius —
‘Romulus in caelo cum dis genitalibus aevum degit.
Cp. Cic, Tusc., Disp., I, 12, 28. C.I.L., IV, 3135.
114–15
Proculus tells the people of his vision of Romulus:
Servius: ‘Aevum’ properly means eternity, which comes to none but gods. Ennius —
Collected Fragments of Ennius Page 30