by Peter Watson
75. Bryan Magee, Confessions of a Philosopher, Op. cit., page 564.
76. Ibid., page 536.
77. Ibid., pages 546–548.
78. One man who has considered this issue, at least in part, is Francis Fukuyama, in The Great Disruption (The Free Press, 1999). In his view a Great Disruption took place in the developed countries in the 1960s, with a jump in levels of crime and social disorder, and the decline of families and kinship as a source of social cohesion. He put this down to the change from an industrial to a post-industrial society, which brought about a change in hierarchical society, to the baby boom (with a large number of young men, prone to violent crime), and to such technological developments as the contraceptive pill. But Fukuyama also considered that there has been a major intellectual achievement by what he called ‘the new biology’ in the last quarter century. By this he meant, essentially, sociobiology, which he considered has shown us that there is such a thing as human nature, that man is a social animal who will always develop moral rules, creating social cohesion after any disruption. This, he points out, is essentially what culture wars are: moral battlegrounds, and here he was putting a modern, scientific gloss on Nietzsche and Hayek. Fukuyama therefore argued that the Great Disruption is now over, and we are living at a time when there is a return to cohesion, and even to family life.
79. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
80. Also cited in: Neil Postman, The End of Education, New York: Knopf, 1995; Vintage paperback, 1996, page 113.
81. Edward O. Wilson, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, New York: Little, Brown, 1998.
82. Ibid., page 220.
83. Ibid., page 221.
84. Ibid., page 225.
85. Ibid., page 297.
INDEX OF NAMES, PEOPLE AND PLACES
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Aalto, Alvar, 332
Abba, Marta, 191
Abel, John, 103
Abel, Wolfgang, 310
Abetz, Otto, 409
Abraham, David: The Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 737
Abraham, Karl, 274, 505
Achebe, Chinua, 51, 706, 713; Things Fall Apart, 460–2, 470
Adams, Franklin P., 217
Adamson, George, 608, 609?
Adamson, Joy, 608, 609?
Addison, Thomas, 103
Adler, Alfred, 15, 138, 142
Adler, Dankmar, 81
Adorno, Theodor, 225–6, 306, 308, 357, 376, 435, 502; The Authoritarian Personality, 434–5
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 737–8
Afar Triangle, Ethiopia, 612
Africa: archaeology of, 726–9; chimpanzees studied in, 609–10; Conrad on, 49–50; elephants studied in, 611–12; gorillas studied in, 610–11; lions studied in, 608; as supposed origin of classical civilisation, 727–8; universities in, 73; see also Laetoli; Negro peoples; Olduvai Gorge; Rift Valley; individual countries
Agadir crisis (1911), 172
Agnew, Spiro, 644–5
Agostinelli, Alfred, 199
Ahlquist, Raymond, 659
Akhmatova, Anna, 323
al-Azhar college-mosque, Cairo, 73
Albers, Josef, 305, 355
Aldrin, Edward (‘Buzz’), 568
Alexander, Franz, 223, 274, 505
Algonquin Hotel, New York, 217
Algren, Nelson, 421–3
Allen, Paul, 605
Althusser, Louis, 626–7, 632
Alvarez, Lucy and Walter, 687
Amis, Kingsley, 464, 469
Anand, Mulk Raj, 709
Anders, Bill, 573
Anderson, Philip, 748
Angelou, Maya, 528–9, 705
Anka, Paul, 457
Anna O see Pappenheim, Bertha
Annalen der Physik (periodical), 93
Annales d’histoire économique et social (journal): ‘Annales’ school of historians, 467, 557–8, 560, 735
Anouilh, Jean, 412–13, 640
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 24, 128–9, 131, 142, 145, 203
‘Apu’, trilogy (films), 712
Aquinas, St Thomas, 678
Aragon, Louis, 163, 203, 334, 409
Arden, John, 464
Ardrey, Robert, 607, 616
Arendt, Hannah, 6, 307–9, 354, 435–6, 441, 447, 552, 592; Eichmann in Jerusalem, 435, 504–5
Ariès, Philippe: Centuries of Childhood, 557
Armstrong, Neil, 566, 568
Arnold, Matthew, 74, 234
Aron, Raymond, 306, 408, 412, 447, 626; Progress and Disillusion, 545
Arp, Hans, 161–2
Arrow, Kenneth, 649
Artaud, Antonin, 640
Arteaga, Melchor, 119
Artists in Exile exhibition, New York (1942), 355
Arup, Ove & Partners, 622
Ashbery, John, 512
Ash worth, Dawn, 682–3
Astor, Nancy, 128
Asturias, Miguel Angel, 706–7
Ataturk, Kemal Mustafa, 351
Athens Charter (1933), 331
Atlan, Jean, 414
Atomic Energy Commission, 507
Attlee, Clement, 384
Auden, Wystan Hugh, 239, 328, 332–4, 346, 386, 592, 761; ‘Spain’, 334
Audry, Colette, 422
Auschwitz, 311
Austen, Jane, 276
Australia: universities, 73
Austria: annexed by Germany, 306, 380; refugees in USA, 350
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 26, 36; consequences of 1919 peace, 180
Authoritarian Personality, The (report), 435
Averbakh, Leopold, 324
Avery, Oswald Thomas, 374
Ayer, A. J., 235, 306
Baader, Johannes, 163
Babbage, Charles, 252
Babbitt, George F. (fictional character), 208–10, 212, 280
Babbitt, Milton, 623–4
Babel, Isaac, 324
Bacon, Commander R. H., 50
Baekeland, Leo Hendrik, 96–8, 107, 343
Baez, Joan, 523
Bahr, Hermann, 28–9
Bak, Per, 747–8
Baker, Josephine, 523
Bakst, Leon, 130
Balanchine, George, 130, 358–9
Balázs, Béla, 181–3
Baldwin, James, 459–60, 462, 470, 523, 526–8, 762; The Fire Next Time, 459
Ball, Hugo, 161–2
Ballets Russes, 130
Balzac, Honoré de, 234
Bamberger, Louis, 303
Banes, Sally, 514
Banham, Reyner, 622
Barbusse, Henri, 157
Bardeen, John, 476–8, 615n
Barlach, Ernst, 300–1, 313
Barnacle, Nora, 193
Barnard, Dr Christian, 660
Barnes, Albert, 216
Barnes, Ernest William, Bishop of
Birmingham: Scientific Theory and Religion, 289–91
Barr, Alfred, 353, 510, 622
Barraqué, Jean, 623
Barrett, William, 233
Barrow, John, 758; Impossibility: The Limits of Science and the Science of Limits, 766–7
Barth, Karl, 576
Barthes, Roland, 624, 627, 634–8, 679
Bartók, Béla, 181, 356, 376; Bluebeard’s Castle, 182
Bataille, Georges, 408
Bateson, Gregory, 277, 502
Bateson, William, 318
Baudelaire, Charles, 43, 52, 162
Bauhaus, 223–4, 300, 304, 332
Baumeister, Willi, 351
Bayreuth, 56
Beach, Sylvia, 193–4, 215, 409
Beardsley, Aubrey, 35
Beaubourg Centre see Pompidou Centre
Beauvoir, Simone de, 409–11, 413–15, 421–2, 425, 429, 529; The Second Sex, 423
Bechet, Sidney, 413
Beckett, Sam
uel, 286, 346, 412, 414, 416–17, 640, 718; Waiting for Godot,
416–18
Beckmann, Max, 157, 300, 302, 313, 350, 355
Becquerel, Henri, 91
Beecham, Sir Thomas, 53
Behrens, Peter, 223, 332
Behrensmeyer, Kay, 613
Behrman, David, 514
Beijing University (Beida), 178–9
Belafonte, Harry, 523, 599
Bell, Clive, 127, 201, 340
Bell, Daniel, 439, 447. 454. 599, 605, 620, 761; The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, 592–3; The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, 593–4; The End of Ideology, 437–9, 537, 592; The Public Interest (as editor, with
Irving Kristol), 704
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray
Hill, New Jersey, 476–7, 569
Belloc, Hilaire, 339
Bellow, Saul: Dangling Man and other titles, 719–20, 721
Bellows, George, 86
Belmondo, Jean-Paul, 639
Beloff, Max, 447
Benchley, Robert, 217
Benda, Julien, 66
Benedict, Ruth, 118, 142, 277, 280–1, 390, 432, 462; The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, 402–4; Patterns of Culture,
280–1
Ben-Gurion, David, 504
Benin (West Africa), 49–50
Benjamin, Walter, 235, 330–1, 513, 515; The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, 330–1
Benn, Gottfried: The New State and the Intellectuals, 301–2
Benois, Alexandre, 164
Bentham, Jeremy, 678
Berg, Alban, 37, 180, 222, 229–30; Wozzeck, 230
Bergonzi, Bernard, 152, 156
Bergson, Henri: Inge and, 290; life and ideas, 65–8, 90, 617; Magritte and, 205; notion of time, 87; offers post to
Horkheimer, 305; in Paris, 24, 78; Picasso and, 61; rift with analytical school, 75; Sartre influenced by, 407–8; L’Evolution créatrice, 65, 67
Beria, Lavrenti, 482
Berlin, 229–33, 237; blockade (1948), 473; Wall, 516–17
Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 1–2, 416, 644–5; Four Essays on Liberty, 544–5, 548
Bernal, J. D., 726, 757
Bernal, Martin: Black Athena, 726–9, 731
Berners-Lee, Tim, 739
Bernhardt, Sarah, 24
Bernstein, Leonard, 599
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von, 183, 629
Bethe, Hans, 507
Betjeman, Sir John, 332
Bettelheim, Bruno, 306, 506
Beveridge, William, Baron, 186, 306, 351, 384; Report (Social Insurance and Allied Services), 383–6
Bible, Holy: and scientific research, 574–6
Binet, Alfred, 147–9, 500
Bingham, Hiram, 118–21
Bion, Wilfrid, 416
Birmingham, Alabama, 523
Birmingham, England, 392–3
Black, Davidson, 577
Black, James, 659
Black Mountain College, North Carolina, 354, 513
Black Panthers, 524–5, 528
Blackboard Jungle, The (film), 457
Blackett, P. M. S., 365
Blanshard, Paul, 580
Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna, 64
Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, 361, 364–5
Bleuler, Eugen, 500
Bliss, Lillie P., 127
Bloch, Felix, 507
Bloch, Marc, 557–9
Bloom, Allan, 754, 770; The Closing of the American Mind, 721–3, 724, 729, 753
Bloom, Harold, 770; Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, 734; The Western Canon, 723–5
Bloom, Leopold (fictional character), 194–5, 197
Blunden, Edmund, 155
Boas, Franz, 112, 116–17, 121, 142, 277–81, 390, 432, 665; The Mind of Primitive Man, 116–18, 277
Boccioni, Umberto, 144
Bodmer, Walter, 615
Bogart, Humphrey, 584
Bogomolov, Alexei, 484
Bohr, Harald, 134, 258
Bohr, Niels Henrick David, 95, 133–4, 142, 256–60, 267, 392, 395–7, 399–400
Boise, Charles, 486
Bok, Edward, 104
Bolt Baranek and Newman (company), 738
Boltsmann, Ludwig, 94
Boltwood, Bertram, 124
Bomberg, David, 154
Bondi, Herman, 508
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 314–15, 415; Act and Being, 314; Letters and Papers from Prison, 214–15
Bonnard, Pierre, 59
Book-of-the-Month Club, 211–12
Boorstin, Daniel: The Image, 548
Borges, Jorge Luis, 349, 706–7
Borman, Frank, 568, 573
Bormann, Martin, 295
Born, Max, 261, 362
Bost, Jacques-Laurent, 423
Bothe, Walter, 262
Boulez, Pierre, 413–14, 621, 623–4, 769; Le Marteau sans maître, 623; Structures, 623
‘Bourbaki, Nikolai’, 414
Bowlby, John: Maternal Care and Mental Health, 498–500, 606
Bown, Ralph, 476
Boyer, Herbert, 605, 614–16
Brace, Chester Loring, 43
Bradley, F. H., 44
Bragg, Lawrence, 479–80
Brahms, Johannes, 158
Braine, John, 464
Brandeis University, USA, 732
Brander, James, 652
Brando, Marlon, 523
Brandt, Max, 239
Brandt, Willy, 543
Braque, Georges, 61–3, 129, 144
Brasillach, Robert, 409
Brattain, Walter, 476–8
Braudel, Fernand, 626–7, 638, 708, 735; Civilisation and Capitalism, 557, 559–60; The Mediterranean, 558–9
Braun, Wernher von, 482, 567
Brecht, Bertolt: in Berlin, 229, 231; expressionism, 222; friendship with
Walter Benjamin, 331; and Hannah
Arendt, 308–9; on Kraus, 193; in Los
Angeles, 356; persecuted as
Communist, 309; The Threepenny Opera, 231–2
Breker, Arno, 312
Brenner, Sidney, 614
Brentano, Franz, 30–2, 36, 46, 65–6, 75
Bresson, Robert, 637
Breton, André, 163–4, 202–3, 354, 408, 422, 511, 626
Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, 389, 389
Breuer, Josef, 13, 30, 36, 55, 142
Breuer, Marcel, 305
Breuil, Henri-Édouard-Prosper, Abbé, 369–70, 577
Brieux, Eugène: Les Avariés, 104
Briggs, Asa, Baron, 219
Brigham, C. C., 150; A Study of American Intelligence, 206
Brigham Young University, Utah, 732–3
Britain: black immigrants in, 462–3; in First World War, 145–6; university expansion in, 537
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 210, 218–20
British Gazette, 219
Britten, Benjamin, 513
Brockman, John, 5; Third Culture, 761
Broglie, Louis de, 260
Bronowski, Jacob, 338
Bronte, Charlotte, 277
Brook, Peter, 640–43, 717
Brooke, Rupert, 145, 152–3, 155, 157, 227, 290; ‘Futility’, 155; ‘The Soldier’, 153
Brooks, Van Wyck, 347
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (US law case), 391, 522
Brown, J. A. C., 140
Brown, Norman, 596
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 276–7
Bruce, Steve, 600
Brücher, Heinz, 309, 311
Bruhn, Erik, 663
Bryan, William Jennings, 207
Bryce, James, 112
Buber, Martin, 436
Buber-Neumann, Margarete, 413
Büchner, George, 230
Buckland, Richard, 682–3
Budapest, 180–3
Buffet, Bernard, 414
Bullard, Sir Edward Crisp, 554
Bullitt, William, 306
Bullock, Alan, 240
Bülow, Hans von, 356
Bultmann, Rudolf, 576–7
Burgess Shale (British Columbia), 697
Burke, Bernard, 569
Burnell, Jocelyn, 572
Burnham, Daniel, 80
Burnham, James: The Managerial Revolution, 472
Burroughs Wellcome (company), 660
Burroughs, William, Jr, 454–5; The Naked Lunch, 429
Burt, Cyril, 500
Bury, J. B.: The Idea of Progress, 245–6
Bush, Vannevar, 396–7, 737
Butler, E. M., 227
Butler, Richard Austen, 386
Butterfield, Herbert: The Whig Interpretation of History, 254
Cabinet of Dr Caligari, The (film), 221–2
Cage, John, 623–4, 758; 4′33”, Musiccircus, 512–15 Cahiers du cinéma (periodical), 636–7
Caird, Edward, 384
Cairns-Smith, A. G.: Seven Clues to the Origin of Life, 684
Calabi, Eugenio, 744
Calder, Alexander, 624
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 303
Cambridge University, 99–100; see also
Cavendish Laboratory
Cambridge University Press, 102
Camoin, Charles, 60
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 537
Campbell, Roy, 99
Campendonck, Heinrich, 302, 350
Camus, Albert, 409, 412–15; The Plague, 415
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm, 315
Cann, Rebecca, 689–90
Cannon, Cornelia, 206
Carava, Spain, 687
Carnap, Rudolf, 235, 270, 306, 379, 669
Carnarvon, George Herbert, 5th Earl of, 247–8
Carothers, J. C., 527
Carothers, Wallace Hume, 344
Carr, Edward Hallett, 379
Carson, Rachel, 581–3; Silent Spring, 581–2
Carter, Howard, 247–8
Carter, Jimmy, 586
Casablanca (film), 584
Casals, Pablo, 354
Casement, Sir Roger, 51
Cassady, Neal, 456
Cassirer, Ernst, 161, 223
Cassirer, Paul, 127
Cassou, Jean, 336
Castorp, Hans (fictional figure), 228–9
Castro, Fidel, 517
Catto, Thomas, Ist Baron, 388