The Modern Mind

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The Modern Mind Page 151

by Peter Watson


  lions: studied, 608, 611, 618

  living standards, 647–8

  logic: Wittgenstein’s theory of, 159–61

  logical positivism, 235, 306, 766

  longue durée, la, 559–60, 563, 624, 752

  LSD, 502

  lynchings: in USA, 283

  M-theory, 745

  Mach number, 36

  magic: in religions, 602–3

  magic realism (literary), 706–9

  magnetic anomalies, 553–4

  man: distribution and migration, 555—6, 564, 689–92, 752, 754; origins and fossil evidence, 370–2, 484–7, 555, 607, 612–14, 675, 688–9

  March on the Pentagon (1967), 538

  March on Washington (1963), 523

  Marxism: and Budapest Sunday Circle, 180; and culture, 466; and Darwinism, 319–21; and Frankfurt School, 224–5; and French existentialists, 410–11; and Freud, 225, 437, 752; and history, 561–2; Popper on, 380; resurgence in France, 625–6, 632–3, 752; and revisionism, 235; scientists’ adherence to, 316; and socio-economic change, 445; Weber refutes, 46; and women’s liberation, 530; see also communism

  masochism, 34

  mass society: and conformity, 503; and counterculture, 595

  mathematics: as abstract concept, 677; foundations of, 24, 98–102; and German refugees to USA, 352–3; and Gödel’s theorem, 270–1; journals, 351–2; limits to, 764; and phenomenology, 31; and understanding of life, 747–9, 751; and wartime code-breaking, 362–4

  matrix math, 260

  May 4 movement (China), 178–9

  Me generation, 599

  media: ‘hot’ and ‘cool’, 547; mass, 754, 766–7; new forms of, 210–12, 218–19, 285, 547–8

  Medicare (USA), 533

  medicine see AIDS; antibiotics; antidepressants; autism; beta-blockers; blood transfusion; cancer research; cloning; contraception; cosmetic surgery; genetics; glands; hormones; immunosuppressants; leukaemia; Medicare; progesterone; psychoanalysis; psychology; restriction enzymes; Salvarsen; syphilis; therapy-religions; tranquillisers; transplants (organ); tuberculosis; venereal diseases; viruses; vitamins

  ‘medium is the message, the’, 546–7

  mental abilities see Intelligence Quotient

  mental illness, 491–2, 501, 626–8

  Mentalités (historical), 558, 560

  meritocracy, 448–9, 698–9

  messenger substances see hormones

  metanarratives see postmodernism

  metaphysics, 36–7, 76–7

  ‘Middle America’, 520–2

  middlebrow: and media, 210–12, 219–20

  mind: nature and function of, 492–3, 500–1

  modernism: condemned by Catholic Church, 68–9; defined, 52–3; impact of, 71–2; and science, 5

  molecular biology, 683–98

  monetarism, 650

  moon landings, 566–8

  morphomatics, 749

  mother tongue, 690

  motivational research, 445–6

  motor cars: ownership, 214

  Movement poets and novelists, 464–5

  music: chance in, 624; evolution of, 757; indeterminacy in, 513; and modernism, 52–9; in Vienna, 37; see also electronic music; pop music; serial music

  myth, 461–2

  narcissism, 599–601, 620

  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 112

  National Intellegence Tests (USA) see Intelligence Quotient

  National Socialism (Nazism): beginnings, 173; Hitler leads, 240; and Olympic Games (1936), 329; persecution and flight of intellectuals and scientists, 181, 302–7, 309, 350–1; persecution of Jews, 67, 243, 302, 309, 327, 352–7, 394, 435, 606; philosophical background, 234, 309; race theories, 294–7, 310–12, 315; religious opposition to, 314–15; repression of art and artists, 211–13, 300–2; rise of, 273, 294–6, 300, 304; and Stalinism, 436; and Western disarmament, 176

  nationalism, 71

  Nazism see National Socialism negation, 503

  Négritude, 460

  Neo-Confucian synthesis, 71

  neptunium, 397

  neutron stars, 572–3

  neutrons, 262, 393, 509; see also particle physics

  New Class, 443

  New Deal (USA), 341–2, 646

  New Growth Theory, 649

  New Journalism, 598–9

  New Learning (New Culture)

  Movement, 178–9

  New Left, 537, 595

  New Policies (China), 70

  ‘Niagara movement’, 111

  nihilism see therapeutic nihilism

  Noema, 32

  Noesis, 32

  Nomenklatura (Soviet Russia), 318

  noncommunicative geometry, 745

  Novembergruppe, 222, 231

  nuclear energy, 365, 394, 396; see also

  atomic bomb

  nucleic acid: and amplification, 617

  nucleosynthesis, 508

  nucleus (atomic), 93; see also particle physics

  nylon, 343–4

  oceanography, 553–4

  Oedipus complex, 13–14

  oestrogen, 428

  oil price crisis (1973–4), 583, 589, 647–8, 655, 680

  Old Growth Theory, 649

  opinion polls, 432

  other-directed societies, 433, 442, 446, 650

  ozone layer, 586

  palaeontology, 370–2, 484–7, 586–7, 612–14, 675, 686–90

  Pan-Germanism, 241, 243

  papal encyclicals see Index of Names, People and Places under Popes John XXIII; Pius X and Pius XII

  parallel universes (cosmology), 742, 755

  parallel worlds (psychology), 203

  paramedics, 647

  particle physics, 20–1, 90–2, 134, 256–64. 393–5, 508–9, 569–70, 744–5

  particulate inheritance, 115

  penicillin, 367–8

  pessimism, 38, 39

  pesticides, 582–3

  Ph.D. (degree), 74

  phenomenology, 31

  philosophy: continental and analytic, 75, 766; and forms of knowledge, 668–71, 676–9; and objectivity/subjectivity divide, 673–4; and problem-solving, 492–3; and science, 235–6

  photography, 167–8

  physics see particle physics; quantum

  physics; theoretical physics

  pill, the (contraceptive), 429

  Planck length, 740

  Planck’s constant, 22

  planned society, 376, 378–9, 382, 388, 646–8; see also welfare state

  plasmids, 615

  plastic, 96–8, 343–4, 635

  plutonium, 397

  pollution see ecology

  polyesters, 343–4

  pop art, 510–12, 515

  pop music, 456–7, 477

  pornography, 529

  Port Huron Statement (1962), 595

  Post-Impressionism, 58, 127

  postindustrial society, 592–3

  postmodernism, 7, 679–81, 706, 715, 729, 734, 753, 769

  poststructuralism, 634–5

  potassium-argon method (dating), 487

  poverty, 286–9, 383–5, 441, 520–1, 646, 651, 653–4, 698

  pragmatism, 75–7, 89, 90, 679

  prehistoric art, 369–70

  ‘preparation 606’ see Salvarsen

  primal therapy, 598–9

  privatisation (of utilities and businesses), 648

  progesterone, 428

  progress: decline in belief in, 245–6, 254, 453, 603, 631, 670, 673; end of, 7, 754–5

  Prohibition (USA), 215

  propaganda: political, 328

  Protestantism, 46–7, 602

  protons, 257, 261–3, 509; see also

  particle physics

  psychedelic revolution, 597

  psychiatry: misused in Russia, 540–1; see also anti-depressants, tranquilisers; radical pyschiatry; schizophrenia

  psychoanalysis: and association tests, 139; connection with Marxism, 225, 437, 752; criticisms and
reevaluations of, 493–5, 498, 664–6, 758–60, 766–7; and direct analysis, 663–4; effect of Great War on, 150–2; effect on literary works, 135–7, 196, 202, 758; Freud-Jung division in, 135, 139–42, 274; international spread of, 138; interpretation of civilisation and society, 273–5; Nazi view of, 306–7; and neuroses, 275–6; and personal emancipation, 633; resurgence in France, 625–8, 752; in Strauss’s operas, 55; Trilling supports, 452; in USA, 505–6; in Vienna, 13–15

  psychology: inferior to fiction as teacher, 755; and phenomenology, 31–2; see also counter-culture; therapy-religions; schizophrenia

  pulsars, 572–3

  punctuated equilibrium, 696

  Puritanism, 47

  quantum chromodynamics (QCD), 743

  quantum physics, 23, 37, 61, 93–5, 257–60, 755; and string theory, 744–5

  quantum electro-dynamics (QED), 508

  quarks, 509, 569, 573, 667, 743

  quasars, 572–3

  R & B music see rhythm and blues

  race theory: in Africa, 526–7; and assumption of white superiority, 40–4, 277; and culture levels, 451; and ‘degeneration’, 38, 43; and evolution, 578; in Germany, 240–3, 294–6, 310–12, 315, 395; growth of, 71; and human migration, 752; immigration control in Britain, 536; and intelligence, 206; and teaching of Third World cultures, 730–1; and US ethnic minorities and immigrants, 108–12, 116–18, 124, 148–50, 198, 206, 217, 282–4, 390–1, 522–3, 526, 528, 654–5; Weininger’s, 33; see also anti-Semitism; US minorities, racial

  radar, 365–6

  radiation, cosmic, 569–72

  radical psychiatry, 502

  radio, 210–11, 218–20

  radioactivity, 91, 134, 262–3, 393

  radiocarbon dating, 487, 563, 565

  rebirthing, 598

  recessive traits (genetics), 19

  red giants, 573

  redshift, 265–6

  refugees: from Nazi Germany, 181, 302–9, 350–7, 505

  reinforced concrete, 82

  relativity: and Eddington’s astronomical experiments, 183–5; general theory of, 133, 181, 264; Mach and, 37; special theory of, 61, 93–6, 132; and string theory, 744

  relict radiation, 570

  religion: and alternative life-styles, 598–602; and challenge of science, 289–91, 765; and church-going, 603–4; and community, 314; and magical practices, 602–3; non-Western, 761–3; see also Christianity; Jews; and individual theologians in Index of Names, People and Places

  REM sleep, 494

  reportage, 285

  repression, 13

  restriction enzymes, 614–15

  rhythm and blues (R & B) music, 457, 477

  rocket propulsion, 365, 482–3, 736; see also space travel

  rock‘n’roll music, 457–8

  sacrifice (religious), 249

  Salvarsen (‘preparation 606’), 106, 113, 367

  satellites (orbital), 481–4; Echo, 569

  schizophrenia, 502–3, 541

  science: and cross-over culture, 769; as ‘culture’, 467–70; intuition and tradition in, 471–2; link to science, 754–5; see also individual sciences and fields of study scientism, 66

  seafloor spreading, 553

  Secession, 59, 64; Viennese, 35

  self-organisation, 746

  self-religions, 598–9

  semicircular canals (inner ear), 36

  semiconductors, 477

  semiology, 635–6

  semiotics (semiosis), 347

  serial music (serialism), 230, 414, 513, 624

  sex: education, 214; in literature, 429–30; origins of, 685, 695; religious attitudes to, 604; theories and studies of, 33–4, 278–80, 423–7, 529; see also pornography

  sharashki (Soviet camps), 316, 482, 542

  shell shock, 151

  Silva Mind Control, 598

  singularity see ‘Big Bang’ theory

  ‘Situs’, 593

  skyscrapers, 80–2, 89, 223

  smoking (tobacco), 582, 658, 661

  Social Darwinism see Darwinism, Social

  social welfare see welfare state

  socialism, 163, 287–8, 292–3, 378, 518, 530

  socialist realism, 321–3

  sociology: decline of, 763–4, 766–7; and German emigrants, 305–6; in USA, 212–15, 281–2, 432–49; see also, Herbert Spencer; C. Wright Mills; Irving Louis Horowitz in Index of People, Names and Places

  solidarity (philosophy), 670–1

  Sonderbund (Cologne, 1912), 127–8

  space travel, 481–4, 566–9, 573, 667

  spectroscopy, 134, 479

  speech see language

  spiral nebulae, 265–6

  Sprechgesang (opera), 58

  Sputniks, 481–2, 484, 566, 736

  stagflation, 648

  Stalinism: and French intellectuals, 412–13; and genetics, 475; and Nazism, 436; persecution of Russian intellectuals, 315–25; socialist opposition to, 472–3; see also Josef

  Stalin in Index of Names, People and Places

  Stanford-Binet test see Intelligence Quotient

  stars see stellar evolution

  ‘steady state’ theory, 508

  stellar evolution, 573

  stream-of-consciousness, 28

  string theory, 739, 741, 743–5, 756

  stromatolites, 685

  structuralism, 629–30, 632, 634

  students: rebellion, 536–7; see also Youth

  suburbia: and social life, 438

  Sunday Circle (Lukács Circle, Budapest), 180–3

  superstring revolution, 743–5

  Surrealism, 164, 203–5, 510

  survival of the fittest, 41–3; see also evolution

  symbolic logic, 102

  Synanon, 598

  syphilis, 103–7

  technology: and individual control, 4; Mumford on, 288

  technostructure (corporations), 590–1

  tectonic plates (continental), 554

  television, 211, 219, 546–8, 757

  temperament (intellectual), 75–6

  Theatre of the Absurd, 513

  Theatre of Cruelty, 641

  thelyplasm, 33

  theology: see religion; Vatican; individual theologians in Index of Names, People and Places

  theoretical physics, 93

  Theory of Everything, 742–3, 764

  theosophy, 64

  therapeutic nihilism, 12, 27–8, 30

  therapy-religions, 598–601

  Thermodynamics, Laws of, 21–2, 32

  Third World cultures: teaching of in USA, 729–32

  thorium, 91

  thymine, 480

  time: real and physics, 66

  Time Zero (singularity), 570–1

  totalitarianism, 435–6, 473

  tradition-directed people, 433

  tranquilisers, 501, 597

  transcendent pictures, 63

  transistors, 476–7

  transmission control protocols (TCPs), 737–8

  transplants (organ), 659–60

  transuranic elements, 394, 397

  tree rings see dendrochronology

  tripartite division (Freudian), 13

  tuberculosis (consumption), 103–5, 662

  turbines: in jet engines, 269

  U-Project (Germany), 400

  uncertainty principle, 261

  unconscious, the, 13, 139–41, 237, 626, 629, 664–5, 758; collective, 140–1; see also Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung in Index of Names, People and Places

  underclass, 699; see also poverty

  unemployment: and corporate industrial system, 691; eliminated in Nazi Germany, 341, 383; post-war fluctuations, 390; of US blacks, 523; World War II affects, 342, 387

  universalism, 27

  universe: beginning of, 508, 569–71, 740–1, 751, 755; expanding, 264–6, 755

  universities: and creative ideas, 767; criticisms of in USA, 720–2, 729–32; expansion, 212, 503, 760; increased in Britain, 537; influence in Germany of, 26, 74; internet i
n, 739; modern development, 73–5, 78, 281; and technological innovation, 650; see also countries and individual institutions in Index of Names, People and Places

  uranium, 91, 393–6, 398–400

  US minorities, racial (negroes; blacks; Afro-Americans): at Black Mountain College, 355; and colonialism, 527; cultural influence on artists, 60; economic/social deprivation, 653–5; education of, 533–4, 655; emancipation and integration, 519; and ‘Harlem Renaissance’, 215–17, 458; and intelligence, 206, 526, 533–5; and Johnson’s Great Society, 522–3; and legal equality, 644–5; and literary canon, 726–8; music and literature, 458–61, 528–9, 705; origins, 556–7; sporting prowess, 329; and US civil rights movement and direct action, 391, 523–4, 528–9, 644; and US racial attitudes, 108–12, 117, 124, 198, 206, 217, 282–3, 390–1, 458, 526, 654–5; war service, 390; women, 705

  venereal diseases, 104–5

  vernalization, 319–20

  viruses: and medical research, 660–1

  vitamins, 180

  welfare state, 383–5, 444

  West: dominance in modernist ideas, 760–2

  white dwarfs, 572–3

  will to power, 40

  women: black, 705; and Christian belief, 604; de Beauvoir on, 422–3; liberation movement, 529–32; in non-Western cultures, 761; portrayed by Klimt, 35; in US literature, 705; see also feminism

  work and workplace, 437–8, 440, 443, 447

  World War I (1914–18): conduct and effects, 144–52, 156–8, 168; literary response to, 186–201; and poetry, 152–6

  World War II (1939–45): effect on economies, 342, 388–90; effect on political allegiances, 386; effect on science, 375; outbreak, 361; progress of, 367, 386

  World Wide Web, 738

  wormholes (in space), 741

  X-ray spectroscopy, 479

  X-rays, 49, 479

  youth: and counterculture, 595; and Komsomol, 293, 317; and Red Guards, 539–40 see also students

  Zen, 597

  Zionism, 45; see also Jews

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  PETER WATSON was educated at the universities of Durham, London, and Rome. He has written for the Sunday Times, the Times, the New York Times, the Observer, and the Spectator, and is the author of War on the Mind, Wisdom and Strength, The Caravaggio Conspiracy, and other books. He lives in London.

 

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