‘Men of the King’s army, we have a guest with us today, a knight from the land of the Saxons.’
A snigger of contempt rippled through the ranks.
‘He is a fine warrior, granted recognition by King Gruffydd of Wales. His companions, Einar and Martin Lightfoot, are experienced soldiers. We will listen to what they have to say.’
The Earl acknowledged Hereward and stepped aside. Hereward walked slowly along the front rank of men. This was his moment. There was no training that could prepare a man for an occasion like this.
Either his instincts would get him through it, or the cause was lost.
‘Who speaks for you?’
There was silence.
‘Every army has a man with a loud voice. Who speaks for this one?’
‘I can speak my mind. I am Donald of Moray, from the home of my King, Macbeth of Moray.’
A sturdy man with sharp blue eyes and greying hair stepped forward. He had obviously fought many battles: his face and hands were scarred, his mail coat had been repaired many times, and his shield bore the marks of many fierce blows.
‘You will call me “sir” when you address me, Donald of Moray.’
‘Not yet I won’t, laddie.’
‘Then how do I earn the title?’
‘You’re not man enough, young Saxon.’
Roars of laughter came from the Scottish ranks.
‘What is the military challenge a man should fear most?’
‘Combat training, four to one. We use it in the King’s hearthtroop; it sharpens our senses! We use wooden training swords, one weapon each and a shield. Nothing else permitted.’
‘Agreed.’
‘But as you boast that you are a great warrior, we’ll use real swords!’
Without hesitation, Hereward agreed once more.
The army hooted uproariously; Macbeth’s men meant to humiliate an impudent intruder… then kill him.
Hereward took off his helmet and threw it to Einar. Then he turned to face Donald of Moray.
‘I hope you will be one of the four.’
‘Don’t worry about that, laddie!’
Hereward removed his cloak and axe and the rest of his weapons.
Leaving Donald and three of his comrades, Macbeth’s men dispersed to sit on the hillside to get a better vantage point for the entertainment to come.
Two of Hereward’s opponents could have been brothers, the similarities were so strong; the third was a small dark man with a slightly crazed look in his eye. All were trained killers, but this one looked deranged.
Rapid movement and the precise coordination of sword and shield were the keys to survival in an uneven contest of this sort. Although Hereward was a man equal in size to his opponents, he was much younger and quicker on his feet.
In a contest that did not take long, what followed brought gasps of admiration from the army.
Hereward’s four opponents tried to encircle him, but he always moved to a point where he could see at least three and catch any thrust from the fourth in the corner of his eye. They attacked in unison to reduce Hereward’s freedom of movement, but he kept moving and parried his way between them. He was soon able to grab the crazed-looking one and put him in an arm lock against his elbow joint to persuade him to release his sword. He then let him go and struck him hard with the edge of his shield, knocking the sense out of him.
Three to one was much easier to deal with, as they found it much more difficult to encircle him. A slash to the thigh of one, and a heavy blow from Hereward’s shield to the head of another, brought the contest to an abrupt end. In between, he had playfully tripped them, tapped them on their backsides and ducked away from all their blows. None of the four men had been able to put a scratch on the young Englishman.
Donald of Moray fell to his knees, exhausted. He took some large gulps of air, then slowly regained his feet.
‘You are a fine swordsman; I salute you. You have earned our respect… sir.’
The army cheered. They had enjoyed a dazzling exhibition of swordplay.
Earl Duncan stepped forward. ‘Well, young man, it appears you have won the respect of the men; they seem to like you. Do you have anything else to say to them?’
Hereward bowed to Duncan. ‘My Lord Earl, with your permission…’ He then turned to address the army. ‘Men, go back to your tents and make ready! There will be a full inspection in one hour; every man to be in battle order.’
Earl Duncan was stony faced. ‘Very well, we will see how the men respond.’ His expression remained severe for a few moments, but then softened. ‘You have my authority to take in hand the preparation of the army. I will need a daily report.’
‘Thank you, my Lord.’
On Hereward’s signal, Einar took over.
‘Move! You heard what he said. Move!’
On time and in good order, the army assembled once more. They already had a more purposeful air about them: faces had been swilled, beards trimmed and knots dragged from hair. Weapons had been cleaned, as had mail and leather coats, and mud had been shaken from wolfskins and woollen cloaks.
Hereward stepped forward once more. ‘I have pledged my loyalty to your lord, Macbeth of Moray, King of all Scotland, Lord of the Isles. Does any man here not do the same?’
There was silence.
‘As I inspect your ranks, any man temporarily unfit will be excused training until he is fit for duty; any man no longer able to fight will be sent home to his family with a piece of the King’s silver in his pouch; the rest will work hard every day. You will long for battle as a welcome relief from the hard work of training, but no man will do more than I do. I will do everything I ask of you and more. We will eat together twice a day – first, two hours after sunrise, then again at dusk. There will be no personal cooking pots and no private expeditions for game. I will organize hunting parties and the King’s stewards will organize the food for all of us. There will be two hours of training at dawn, before food, and then rest. We will resume at midday and finish one hour before dusk. Everyone will use that hour to wash and prepare for food; I will have no filthy warriors at our tables.’
He paused and looked along the ranks. ‘In an army worth fighting for, every man has the right to speak his mind. Does any man here have a question, or anything to say?’
‘Who is the pretty English lassie, sir? They say she’s bewitched you and the King.’
A chorus of laughter erupted from the men. The voice was impossible to identify, hidden deep in the ranks.
Hereward replied with a grin. ‘I cannot speak for the King, but she has certainly bewitched me; we are to be married.’
A peal of cheers rang out.
‘We want to be married in Scone, by the Bishop, with the good Macbeth sitting on the Stone of Kings, in his rightful place!’
Another, louder clangour swept over the glen as the men waved their battle-axes and swords in a gesture of approval. They had first taken to Hereward, not only because of his display with a sword, but also because he treated them with openness and honesty.
For the rest of the morning he brought each rank forward and inspected every man in turn. There were many fine warriors in the army, and Hereward chose almost sixty whom he decided would become the King’s new hearthtroop. He intended to take personal control of it, reorganize it and train it as befitted an elite corps.
At the end of the long inspection, during which Hereward had allowed the men to sit, he spoke to them once more. As he turned to face them, they all jumped up as one and the ground shook. Armour and weapons clanked and clattered, creating echoes down the glen. Hereward felt a shiver down his spine.
Torfida, watching from a perch above the glen, glowed with pride. She saw Hereward, a 22-year-old former outlaw, striding around in front of his new army.
‘There will be only three parts to your training: speed, with Martin Lightfoot, the swiftest man I have ever seen; strength, which Einar will lead, the strongest man in the armies of the North of England; and skill, which
I will oversee personally. We start tomorrow at dawn. The men I spoke to about the King’s hearthtroop, I will see you in two hours. Hail, Macbeth! Hail, the King!’
The men echoed Hereward’s clarion call for several minutes.
Afterwards, Donald of Moray spoke to Hereward. ‘No one has ever addressed them like that before, the men respect you and so do I… sir.’
Hereward shook the Celt firmly by the hand, grateful for his words of support.
He spent the rest of the afternoon talking to his selected band of men for the new hearthtroop. Hereward surprised himself: he was not sure how or why, but he seemed to have an instinctive grasp of military techniques and disciplines.
He was in his element, and he knew this would be his calling for the rest of his life.
When Hereward arrived at the High Steward’s tent just before dusk, he was met by Earl Duncan, who told him that the King demanded his presence in his Great Hall. When they arrived, Macbeth was pacing up and down.
‘I hear you intend to give away my silver?’
‘Yes, sire.’
‘Not even Earl Duncan gives away my money without my permission.’
‘Sire, you must allow me to make decisions about military matters.’
‘I must! I must! I must not do anything of the sort! Don’t you dare tell me what I must do!’
‘Sire, I earned the right to perform this role for your army.’
Macbeth rose, puce with anger. ‘By God, I will strike you down myself!’
‘That decision needed to be taken today. I couldn’t send those men home with nothing in their pouches. They have no spoils of victory; they will be destitute.’
‘Let them starve!’ the King bellowed.
‘My Lord King, your army will not serve you if they know that is what you think of them.’
‘They will serve me, whether they like it or not!’
‘Sire, I had heard that you were a wise and good king. Those are not the words of such a king.’
Macbeth jumped up and made towards Hereward with rage in his eyes.
Earl Duncan stepped between them. ‘Kneel before the King, Hereward of Bourne. Beg his forgiveness!’
‘I will not!’
In the few dreadful moments that followed, Hereward’s future – indeed, his life and the lives of his companions – hung by a thread. He thought about the Talisman around his neck. Was it speaking through him, giving him the courage to defy a king? Macbeth glowered at him, poised with his hand grasping his sword, until his fury slowly subsided.
A long silence ensued.
The King’s eyes softened and he began to look vulnerable and sad. ‘I should have you killed.’ Then he paused again and looked down. ‘The truth is, I am a king in name only; in that, you are right. As for the rest of it, we’ll talk again when I am calm. In the meantime, my stewards will issue the men with their silver. Now leave me.’
‘It would be better if you did it, sire.’
Yet again, Hereward had trusted his instincts – but he feared that he may have taken a step too far.
Macbeth resumed his pacing of the length and breadth of his hall, muttering as he did so. Each time he reached his hearth he threw another log on to the fire and peered into its flames. After several minutes of brooding, he returned to stand face-to-face with Hereward.
He adopted a more forthright demeanour. ‘I will give them their silver, thank them for their loyal service and send them home to their families.’ He turned to Earl Duncan. ‘Tell the High Steward to summon the men Hereward has dismissed. Then call my servants; I will go to the river to bathe. Tomorrow, Earl Duncan and I will join the army for training.’
Hereward had gambled that beneath Macbeth’s irascible, disheartened facade was a decent man and a good king.
Macbeth offered Hereward his hand, an honour rarely given to a man of modest birth. ‘It took great courage to speak as you did. Now make my army as strong as you are.’
The training of the army went on through 1056 and into the early months of 1057; only the deepest snows of winter brought a temporary halt.
Macbeth and Earl Duncan did exactly the same training as their men, and word spread throughout Scotland that the army had regained its pride, and that the discipline, though hard, was fair. Men started to arrive almost daily. By the beginning of March 1057, the army numbered six cohorts of highly trained men, plus seventy recent arrivals, who were still undergoing training. There was an entire cohort of cavalry, every soldier had a full complement of weapons and two of the cohorts were trained archers.
But Macbeth’s army was still relatively small. If he was to face Malcolm Canmore in a full-scale battle, he would need several hundred more men. Word arrived that Malcolm Canmore was moving north with a large force. Once again, he had the support of King Edward and the English, this time in the guise of Tostig, the new Earl of Northumbria and the brother of Harold Godwinson.
Hereward advised caution, but Macbeth was impatient to regain the throne.
After many months of peaceful preparation, Macbeth began the march south to meet his enemy.
Events began to take on a sudden momentum when messengers arrived with news that a large force of allies of Malcolm Canmore had sailed up the Firth of Cromarty and landed on the Black Isle, near Dingwall. This was in the heart of Macbeth’s homeland, where his people were largely unprotected. Canmore knew that Macbeth would have to turn back towards the north-east and fight. It was an attempt to outflank Macbeth’s army, which duly turned and began the long march northwards up the Great Glen of Mor.
They made a fine sight: the cavalry rode the flanks with small reconnaissance parties of horsemen peeling off on scouting missions; the infantry marched in closed ranks in double-time, occasionally breaking into a trot when the ground allowed it. The rhythmic din of feet and hooves and the clatter of the baggage train reverberated for miles around the peaks and troughs of the mountains.
After three days of marching, scouts returned with news of the strength of Canmore’s forces. The northern contingent included over 100 English light cavalry, almost 200 housecarls sent by Tostig, an assortment of Celtic archers, mercenaries from Ireland and several squadrons, at least 80 men, from Denmark. Canmore’s main force in the south was a large army of lowland Scots, well in excess of 1,000 men, which was moving north to rendezvous with his allies.
Macbeth knew he could not defeat both armies; his only chance was to strike at the head of the beast and confront Canmore and his main force.
He spent several hours in private, mulling over his strategy, before announcing the audacious plan to turn east, traverse the Mountains of Monadhliath and cross into the Grampians. Canmore would not believe anyone would attempt such a bold move, especially with the remnants of winter still making the mountains treacherous. The baggage train was sent the long way round and told to meet in two weeks’ time at Inverurie on the Don.
As the days passed and Hereward became familiar with the terrain, he realized how daring Macbeth’s route was. Some of the passes were lethal, with progress only possible in single file. There were steep and precarious climbs and descents and exposed crags and ridges where footholds were difficult to find. Nevertheless, late in the afternoon, after five days of hard marching unique in the history of Scottish warfare, they found Canmore’s main army making its way north towards the Howe of Alford along a small tributary of the River Dee near the settlement of Lumphanan.
Macbeth’s army appeared from the mountains, to the amazement of Canmore and his men.
Canmore’s force was stretched out over a wide area and it would take them some time to become organized. Macbeth ordered Hereward and Earl Duncan to lead his cavalry in a lightning attack. The tactic worked: the well-disciplined horsemen, riding in tight formations, inflicted heavy casualties on scattered groups of Lowlanders.
Hereward was at the vanguard, creating a maelstrom with his axe and driving large gaps in Canmore’s infantry. Macbeth looked on in wonder as Hereward’s exploits be
came more and more prominent. Men were drawn to him like a magnet as he drove deeper into the enemy ranks. His great axe, and the massive arc he could scythe with it, created a devastating killing ground around him.
Eventually, as nightfall approached, Macbeth signalled to his cavalry to disengage. Both armies made camp in the forests above Lumphanan, Macbeth to savour a victory in the initial skirmish, Canmore to lick his wounds.
Before first light the next morning, Hereward pleaded with Macbeth not to launch a frontal attack. He had barely 700 men and was outnumbered almost two to one, but Macbeth had rediscovered his conviction, was flushed with the success of his march through the mountains and euphoric from victory in the previous evening’s cavalry charge.
‘You have trained the army well; they are ready to fight, and so am I. No more talk! Today I will wear my crown again.’
By dawn, the two armies had formed up on either side of the narrow vale of Lumphanan. The scene was set for a formal pitched battle, but events took a surprising turn.
When Canmore surveyed his opponents, he saw a royal army that looked like a force to be reckoned with. Its march across the mountains had impressed him, and last night’s bloody nose had unnerved him. He was also conscious that the forces of his allies were a long way away.
Canmore strode out more than fifty yards into the no-man’s-land between the two armies. For several minutes, he paced up and down, peering at the ranks of Macbeth’s forces. He could see how uniform and steadfast they were; this was an army ready to fight. His own force was ill prepared, having expected to trap Macbeth much further north. He feared that his numerical superiority might not be enough to ensure victory.
He needed a new plan and, within minutes, had decided on a bold gamble for the throne of Scotland.
He sent an envoy galloping across the open ground with a message for Macbeth. It offered a personal duel – a fight to the death for the crown – in front of their armies.
It was an extraordinary move, but there were precedents for it in the traditions of conflict in northern Europe. Canmore’s reasoning was sound: he was young and virile; Macbeth was much older and the best of his fighting days were long gone.
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