The Moon

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The Moon Page 33

by Oliver Morton


  Lang, Fritz, 92–93

  Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 60

  Laskar, Jacques, 149, 150

  “Late Heavy Bombardment”, 154, 156–158

  lava tubes on the Moon, 228–231

  Leibniz Mountains, 157–158

  Leitch, William, 87

  Lem, Stanslaw, 181

  LEM Spaceflight Visual Simulator, 108–109, 271

  Ley, Willy, 88, 286

  Lick Observatory, 2

  Liebeskind, Daniel, 282

  life on, and from, Earth, 148–149, 150–151, 154–156, 180

  life on the Moon (imagined Moonpeople), 50–52, 56–57, 58

  life signs in universe, 17, 18–19, 32–33, 34–35

  light from the Moon (moonlight)

  absorption of sunlight, 30–31

  ashen light and earthshine, 14–17, 32, 35

  full Moon vs. quarters, 47–48

  for humans and creatures on Earth, 13, 62

  and Moonpeople, 50

  as reflection of Earth, 19–20

  scientific revelations, 32–34

  and shadows, 75

  See also reflection off the Moon

  limb, 7

  Lindberg, Charles, and Charles Jr., 88–89

  “The Linesman” (Miller), 250

  Link, Edward, 108

  Lipsky, Yuri, 167

  liquid-fuelled rocket, 87–88, 92, 93

  Lofting, Hugh, 144

  Logsdon, John, 287–288

  London, 1, 62, 89, 90, 291

  Loonies (characters), 258–260, 262, 263

  Los Angeles Times, 21–22

  Lovell, Jim, 24

  Lovelock, James, 18, 19, 32

  Lower, William, 47

  Luna 2 and 3, 201, 205

  Luna City (location), 38, 258, 259, 266, 267

  Luna Parks, 57

  lunar eclipse, 80

  lunar module (LM)

  astronauts’ experiences, 110–111

  development and description, 104–107, 108–109

  first landing and flight, 102, 105

  landing events and conversations, 113–117

  launch from the Moon, 116–117

  and moondust, 111–112

  simulators, 108–109

  windows and computers, 105–106, 107–109

  lunar-orbit rendezvous, 102–103, 104

  Lunar Prospector, 202, 203

  Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA), 2

  Lunar Scouts, 227

  “lunar swirls”, 226

  lunisolar calendars, 9

  LuxSpace, 203

  maar, 70, 71

  Madler, Johan, 233

  Maestlin, Michael, 16

  Maezawa, Yusaku, 205–206, 208, 214

  magnetic field

  of Earth, 221–223

  of the Moon, 38, 225–226

  of Tellus and Theia, 140

  Magnetotail, of the Earth, 222–223

  Magnus, Albertus, 41

  Mailer, Norman, 91

  Manny (character), 257, 258–260, 261–262, 266, 268–269

  maps and mapmaking of the Moon, 2, 11–12, 43–44

  Mare Crisium, 38

  Mare Fecunditatis, 38

  Mare Imbrium, 38, 68–69, 157, 158

  Mare Ingenii, 38–39

  Mare Muscoviense, 38–39, 48

  Mare Nectaris, 38

  Mare Orientale, 73

  Mare Serenitatis, 38

  Mare Tranquillitatis, 38

  maria (or mare), 38–39, 154

  See also seas on the Moon

  Marius Hills, 228

  Mars, 18, 37, 49, 52, 102, 135, 139, 142, 149–150, 155, 180, 193, 198, 215, 249, 279

  atmosphere of, 18, 193

  core of, 143

  as destination for space travel, 102, 103, 172, 193–194, 278, 291, 193–194, 202, 211–214, 236, 290

  as economic opportunity 195, 261

  and life 156, 193, 291

  meteorites from, 142, 148, 155–156, 160

  moons of 149, 166

  in science fiction, 52, 93, 94, 193–194

  vs. the Moon, 194–195

  mass of the Moon, 37–38

  Mattingly, Ken, 75, 122

  McAuley, Paul, 195

  McDivitt, James, 107

  McDonald, Ian, “New Moon”, 189, 230, 283

  megaregolith, 126

  Méliès, Georges, 57

  memorials on the Moon, 203

  men, 110

  Mercury (deity), 255

  Mercury (planet), 49, 74, 135, 139, 172, 193, 202, 255

  core of, 143

  Mercury mission, 101

  Meteor (Barringer) Crater, 70–71, 178

  meteorites, 30, 70–71, 126–127, 221

  Michel, Helen Vaughn, 179

  micrometeorites, 126–127, 221

  Mike/Mycroft, 269–270, 274

  Miller, Walter, 250

  Milner, Yuri, 277, 284, 285

  Milton, John, 45

  mining of oceans, 242

  mining on the Moon

  for energy, 184–185

  helium-3, 188, 189–190

  ice and volatiles, 192

  interest in, 174–175, 192

  platinum and aluminium, 190–191, 192

  Mir trips, 196

  missiles development, 99

  Mitchell, Edgar, 119

  Montes Apenninus (Apennines), 39

  months, 8–9

  Moon. See specific topics

  Moon Direct, 210–211

  Moon Express company, 3, 217, 227, 274

  Moon Race competition, 216, 217

  Moon Treaty (1978), 241, 242, 244–245

  moonbases, 1–2, 94–95

  in Return to the Moon, 214, 229–231, 232

  Moonbounce test, 22

  moondust. See dust of/on the Moon

  moonless Earth, 151–153, 284

  moonlight. See light from the Moon

  Moonpeople, 50–52, 56–57, 58, 95, 246,

  See also humans

  moonrocks. See rocks on the Moon

  moons of other planets, 37, 49, 53

  Moonwalkers (walkers on the Moon), 5, 201

  Moore, Jason, 264–265, 266

  Moore, C. L., 95

  Mountain View (California), 3

  mountains and ranges on the Moon, 39, 67–68, 73–74, 75

  multi-ring impact basins, 74

  Muncy, Jim, 197

  music, 23–24

  Musk, Elon

  and Mars, 194, 211

  and the Moon, 214

  in space business, 218

  and space tourism, 208, 214

  views on, 213, 218–219

  Myers, Jack, 107

  names of moons, 9

  naming and nomenclature

  epochs and ages, 131–132, 135, 136–137

  features on the Moon, 48–50, 64

  rules, 48, 49

  NASA

  big rocket development, 212

  creation, 99

  post-Apollo visits to the Moon, 201–202

  Return to the Moon, 198, 212–213, 236–237

  use of private flights, 209–212, 213

  Nasmyth, James

  “The Moon, Considered as a Planet, a World and a Satellite”, 60, 63–65, 274

  Moon and volcanoes research, 59–62, 63, 67–68, 146, 162

  photos and models, 64–65, 67

  and tides, 62–63

  National Academy of Sciences (US), 157

  Navajo nation, 203

  near-Earth asteroids, 166

  nearside of the Moon, xii (map), 73, 79, 283–284

  “The New Almagest” (Riccioli), 48–49

  New Armstrong rocket, 215

  New Glenn rocket, 215

  new Moon. See phases of the Moon

  New Shepard rocket, 215

  New York, 95, 153, 233, 291

  Newcomb, Simon, 98

  NewLM, 210–211

  Newton, Isaac, 52, 53–54

  night-edge of the Moon, 7
–8

  Nisbet, Euan, 137–138

  Niven, Larry, 179

  “Lucifer’s Hammer”, 179, 180, 185

  Nixon, Richard, 115–116, 169–170, 173

  Nördlinger Ries, 178

  North Pole of the Moon, 235 (map)

  See also poles of the Moon

  Northrop Grumman, 209. See also Grumman

  Nova rockets, 101–102

  nuclear explosions. See atomic weapons

  nuclear fusion, 188–189, 190

  nuclear war, survival in space, 180–181

  nuclear weapons. See atomic weapons and explosions

  Obama administration, 198, 212

  Oberth, Hermann, 86–87, 88, 92, 285

  obliquity of the Moon, 159

  obliquity of planets and Earth, 149–151

  Observatoire de Haute-Provence, 11, 14, 17, 19, 32

  Ocean of Storms landing site, 117

  oceans on Earth, 31, 32–33, 242

  tides, 3, 53–54, 62–63, 143, 144, 149

  Oceanus Procellarum, 38, 39, 225, 228

  O’Hanlon, James, 96

  oikos, 262, 263, 268

  old world vs. new world, 51–52

  Oliveros, Pauline, 23

  “On the Appearance of the Face in the Orb of the Moon” (Plutarch), 19

  O’Neill, Gerard K., 183–186, 188, 238

  Öpik, Ernst, 69

  orbit (Earth, Moon and Sun), 16–17, 34, 44, 49, 152

  orbit (objects), discoveries, 53

  orbit of the Moon, 79–81

  orbit of spacecraft, 102–103, 104, 165–167

  orbital-refuge idea, 155–156

  origins of universe, 34–35

  Orion capsule, 212

  “orphans of Apollo”, expectations, 170–171, 177–178, 195–196

  “Orphans of Apollo” (documentary), 196, 197

  Outer Space Treaty (UN), 174, 240–241, 244

  oxygen, 84–85, 142–143, 146, 148

  Paine, Thomas, 187–188

  Pal, George, 96

  past, knowledge about, 90

  Paterson, Katie, 23

  perigee, 79, 81

  Perry, William, 22

  Peruvian apple cactus, 13

  Phanerozoic Eon, 136

  phases of the Earth, 14, 50

  phases of the Moon, 7–9, 254–255

  crescent, 4, 11, 14, 15–16, 42, 49, 140, 255

  full, 7, 8–9, 13, 14, 39, 42, 43, 44, 48, 54, 62, 80, 179, 221, 222, 282, 288

  gibbous, 42–43, 49, 140

  new, 8, 54, 79–80, 151,

  “New Moon” (novel) 189, 230, 283

  waning 4, 38, 42–43

  waxing, 11, 38, 42

  photos of the Moon, 43, 64–65, 73

  from Apollo 8, 26–30, 31, 32

  photosynthesis, 18, 33, 230

  planetesimals and “planetary embryos”, 69, 138

  planets beyond solar system. See exoplanets

  planets of solar system

  cores, 143

  development, 138–139

  geological timescales, 135

  moons of, 37, 49, 53

  obliquity, 149–151

  orbit and ellipses, 49, 52–53

  rocks on the Moon, 160–162

  visits to, 202

  plants and leaves, 13, 31–32, 33

  platinum-group metals, 190, 192

  Plato, 262

  Plutarch, 19, 43

  Pluto, 160

  poles of the Earth, 29, 31

  poles of the Moon

  darkness and light, 159–160, 233, 236

  exploitation, 192, 236

  as landing sites and bases, 2, 225–226, 232, 236, 240

  Potter, Michael, 196

  Pournelle, Jerry, 179, 187

  “Lucifer’s Hammer”, 179, 180, 185

  power on the Moon and in space, 184, 232–233, 236

  pregnancies in space, 249–251

  prickishness, and undesirability thereof, 218–220, 245, 248

  prison, planets and the Moon as, 258–259, 268–269

  private missions and flights

  development and technology, 208–218

  and environmentalism, 185–187

  first trip, 205–207, 214

  vs. government, 197

  as idea and vision, 178, 187, 197

  O’Neill’s scheme, 183–186, 188

  tycoons and determination, 172, 218–220

  use by NASA and US, 209–212, 213

  visits to the Moon, 203, 209–210

  Proctor, Richard, 12, 60, 69

  Prof (character), 259, 262, 263, 266–267

  Project Diana, 21–22

  Project Mercury, 99–100

  propellants/fuel, 84–85, 87, 236, 238–239

  pyroclastics, 227–228

  Quarternary Period, 136

  Queqiao spacecraft, 167

  R-7 missile, 99

  Rabbit, 13

  radar transmission and work, 20–21, 22–23

  radio astronomy, 22, 242–243, 284

  radio hams, 23

  Radio News magazine, 20–21

  radio waves and communications, 20–24, 284

  Ras Nouadhibou (North Africa), 29, 30

  Rauschenberg, Robert, 86

  rays from craters, 47–48, 49, 65, 69

  Reader’s Digest, 97

  “red edge” spectral feature, 33, 130, 194

  Reeves, Eileen, 17

  reflection off the Moon

  and craters, 47–48, 49, 65, 69

  Earth’s image, 19–20

  radio waves, 20–22, 23–24

  retroreflection, 47–48

  sunlight, 14, 32–34, 75

  regolith

  dangers of, 247

  description, 125–127

  and exposure on the Moon, 221–222, 223

  resources in, 184, 188, 227–228, 230, 236, 243

  Reiner Gamma, 49

  representation of the Moon, 41–44, 51–52, 73

  resilience of/on Earth, 155

  Return to the Moon

  author’s outlook, 5–6, 178

  China and US, 198, 214

  colonisation, 216, 217–218

  commerce and resources aspects, 238–241, 242–244, 245–247, 275

  energy on the Moon, 232–233, 236

  and exposure on the Moon, 223

  and future of the Moon for humans, 274–283

  human body and health, 229, 247–251

  landing sites, 225–226, 232, 236, 240, 281

  as media event, 206–207

  moonbases, 214, 229–231, 232

  NASA, 198, 212–213, 236–237

  as reality, 205–208

  research and science, 226–232, 284–286

  rich people, 198–199

  settlements and dwellings, 229–231

  space stations, 236–238

  treaties, laws, and interests, 240–246

  Riccioli, Giovanni, 48–50

  Richardson, Robert, 94–95

  Rima Bode region, 227–228

  Roberts, Adam, 51

  robot spacecraft on the Moon, 201–202, 209–210, 216–217, 225–228

  rockets and rocketry

  big rockets, 211–212

  in cinema, 92–93

  development history, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93–94, 98–99

  landing, 101–102

  launches, 287–289

  as military tool, 88

  in science fiction, 92, 94

  Soviets vs. US, 98–99

  starshots from far side, 284–286

  rocks from the Moon on Earth, 30

  rocks on Earth, 131–132

  rocks on the Moon (moonrocks)

  and birth of the Moon and Earth, 142–143, 145, 146

  description, 125–126

  from Earth and planets, 160–162

  “Genesis rock”, 120–122, 146

  and impacts, 125, 126, 157–158

  as mass of the Moon, 37

  retroreflection, 47–4
8

  temperature, 30–31

  Rook Mountains, 73

  Roosa, Stuard, 119

  rotation of the Moon, 73, 81

  Rothko, Mark, 28

  rover on the Moon, 122–123

  Rudaux, Lucien, 67

  Rudolf II, 20

  Russia, 196

  See also Soviet Union

  Sarpi, Paolo, 16

  satellite, Moon as, 62, 63

  satellites

  for communications, 21, 22, 23, 99, 174

  for solar power, 184–185

  satire of astronomers, 55–57

  Saturn, 49, 99, 156, 172, 202

  moons of (see Titan)

  Saturn rockets, 99

  Saturn V rockets, 84–86, 102

  Schmidt, Johann Andreas, 51

  Schmitt, Harrison, 123–124, 189, 227, 247

  Schweickart, Rusty, 105, 107

  science and technology

  from Apollo programme, 171–172

  and control, 268–272

  experiments on the Moon, 276–278

  as false solution to problems, 182–183

  and the future, 91–92

  impact on universe, 133–134

  private development, 208–218

  and Return to the Moon, 226–232, 284–286

  Second World War, 93–94

  science fiction

  in cinema, 95–96

  computers, 269–270, 274

  focus and change of, 89–90, 92, 93

  impacts and bombardments, 179

  life and liberty beyond Earth, 260–261

  minerals on the Moon, 174–175

  spaceflight stories, 96–97

  tropes and pillars, 92, 94, 98

  war and weapons in, 94–95, 98, 180–181

  Scott, David, 119–122, 203

  Scott Heron, Gil, 130

  Sea of Tranquility landing site, 113

  seas on the Moon

  as basalt, 73–74

  dryness, 55

  in Middle Ages, 15, 46, 48

  naming, 48

  origin and location, 282

  seasons, 80, 149

  Second World War, 93

  “secondary light”, 15, 17

  Selenites. See Moonpeople

  service module, 102, 103

  Serviss, Garrett P., 93

  settlement on the Moon, 192, 229

  shadows on the Moon, 75, 159

  Shakespeare, William, 41, 52

  Shaw, George Bernard, 220

  Shayon, Robert Lewis, 206

  Shelby, Richard, 212–213

  Shepard, Alan, 101, 119, 215

  Shoemaker, Carolyn, 86, 179

  Shoemaker, Gene, 83, 86, 135, 203

  impact studies, 70–71, 178, 179

  Shonibare, Yinka, 110

  sidereal month, 80

  simulation, 271–274

  size of the Moon, 37–38, 79

  Sleep, Norm, 137–138, 155, 179

  Sobel, Dava, 111

  society and future, 260, 261–262, 267, 269, 275, 277–281

  Soddy, Frederick, 90

  solar calendars, 9

  solar eclipse, 79–80

  solar energy, 184–185, 189, 212, 232–233, 236, 244, 286

  solar power, 184, 185, 232, 236

  solar proton event, 229

  solar system, 60–61, 137–139, 156

 

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