The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

by Alan Palmer

  Enez-Midye line, ref 1

  England, news of Constantinople reaches, ref 1

  Epirus, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Erlöserkirche, ref 1

  Erzerum, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Esili moşque, ref 1

  Eskişehir, ref 1

  Esperey, Franchet d’, ref 1

  Essen, ref 1

  Esztergom, ref 1

  Ethnike Hetairia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Eugene of Savoy, ref 1

  Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company, ref 1

  European financial control, ref 1

  Eyüp, ref 1, ref 2

  F

  Falkenhayn, Erich von, ref 1

  Famagusta, ref 1

  Famine, ref 1

  Fatherland Movement, ref 1

  Fatma, Princess, ref 1

  Fazil, Mustafa, ref 1

  Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, ref 1

  Ferid, Damat, ref 1, ref 2

  Fetva, ref 1

  Feudalism, ref 1, ref 2

  Fevzi, Ahmed, ref 1

  Financial control, ref 1

  Financial Reform Commission, ref 1

  Flachat, Jean-Claude, ref 1

  Florence, news of Constantinople reaches, ref 1

  Fontainebleau, ref 1

  Foreign policy, of Mehmed II, ref 1

  Fourth Crusade, ref 1

  Francis Joseph, ref 1, ref 2

  Frederick II, ref 1

  Frederick the Great, ref 1

  Freemasonry, ref 1, ref 2

  French language, ref 1, ref 2

  Fruska Gora, ref 1

  Fuad, Kececizade Mehmed, ref 1

  Fuat, Mehmed, ref 1

  G

  Galata, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Galatasaray Lycée, ref 1

  Gallipoli, ref 1, ref 2

  Gamble, Douglas, ref 1, ref 2

  Garfield, James A., ref 1

  Garibaldi’s Thousand redshirts, ref 1

  Gaza desert, ref 1

  General Nelidov, ref 1, ref 2

  Geneva, ref 1

  Genoa, ref 1

  Geographical barriers, ref 1

  George, Lloyd, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  George I, ref 1

  Georges-Picot, François, ref 1

  George V, ref 1

  Georgia, ref 1

  Gerçek, Ahmed, ref 1

  Globe, The (newspaper), ref 1

  Goeben (ship), ref 1

  Gökalp, Ziya, ref 1, ref 2

  Golden Horn, ref 1

  Goltz, Colmar von der, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Goluchowski, Count, ref 1

  Gorchakov, Michael, ref 1

  Gordon, Charles, ref 1

  Goschen, George, ref 1

  Government departments, ref 1

  Grahovo, ref 1

  Grand National Assembly, ref 1, ref 2

  Grand Orient Lodge, ref 1

  Grand Seraglio, ref 1

  Great Universal Exhibition, ref 1

  Greece, ref 1

  Greek nationalism, ref 1

  “Greek Project,” ref 1

  Greek War of Independence, ref 1, ref 2

  Gregorius V, ref 1, ref 2

  Gregory the Illuminator, ref 1

  Grey, Charles, ref 1

  Grey, Edward, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Gromovnik (ship), ref 1

  Gulf of Corinth, ref 1

  Gülhane Decree, ref 1

  Gulnus, Rabia, ref 1

  Gümrü Treaty, ref 1

  Györ, ref 1

  H

  Haifa, ref 1, ref 2

  Halil, Patrona, ref 1, ref 2

  Halim, Said, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Halle, ref 1

  Hamam, ref 1

  Hamid, Halil, ref 1

  Hamidiye, 190, ref 1

  Hampshire (ship), ref 1

  Harems, ref 1

  Harington, Charles “Tim,” ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hasan, Çerkes, ref 1

  Hatt-i-Hümayun, ref 1

  Haydarpaşa, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hayder, Şerif Ali, ref 1

  Hayruddin, ref 1

  Hejaz, ref 1

  Hejaz Railway, ref 1, ref 2

  Hellespont, ref 1

  Herzegovina, ref 1

  Herzl, Theodor, ref 1

  Hilmi, Abbas, ref 1, ref 2

  Hilmi, Hüseyin, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hippodrome, ref 1

  Hirsch, Baron, ref 1

  Historisches Museum, ref 1

  HMS Agamemnon, ref 1

  HMS Antelope, ref 1

  HMS Canopus, ref 1

  HMS Doris, ref 1

  HMS Endymion, ref 1

  HMS Hampshire, ref 1

  HMS Royal George, ref 1

  HMS Sultan, 171, ref 1

  HMS Warspite, ref 1

  Hobhouse, John Cam, ref 1

  Hohenzollern empire, ref 1

  Hohenzollern (ship), 211, ref 1

  Holy Law, ref 1

  Holy League, ref 1

  Holy Roman Empire, ref 1

  Holy War, ref 1, ref 2

  Hornby, Phipps, ref 1

  Hunchaks movement, ref 1

  Hungary, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hunyadi, János, ref 1

  Hüseyin, Amcazade, ref 1

  Hüseyin, Kara, ref 1, ref 2

  Husrev, Mehmed, ref 1

  I

  Ibrahim the Mad, ref 1

  Ignatiev, Nikolai, ref 1, ref 2

  Iltizam system, ref 1

  Imperial Ottoman Bank, ref 1

  Imperial Ottoman School, ref 1

  Imperial Privy Council, ref 1

  Imperial Rescript of the Tanzimat, ref 1

  Imports, ref 1

  IMRO (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization), ref 1, ref 2

  Inflation, ref 1

  “Ingiliz Mustafa,” ref 1

  Innocent XI, Pope, ref 1, ref 2

  Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), ref 1, ref 2

  Ioánnina, ref 1

  Ionian islands, ref 1

  Ipek, ref 1

  Islam

  Napoleon and, ref 1

  Ottoman Empire and, ref 1

  William II and, ref 1

  women in, ref 1

  Ismail, Tirsinikliöğlü, ref 1

  Ismail of Egypt, ref 1

  Issos, ref 1

  Italinskii, Alexander, ref 1, ref 2

  Izmit rail line, ref 1

  Izzet, Ahmed, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  J

  Jacobins, ref 1

  Jaffa, ref 1

  Jãikli family, ref 1

  Janissaries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Janissary Corps, ref 1

  Jassy Treaty, ref 1

  Jawuz Sultan Selim (ship), ref 1

  Jeddah, ref 1

  Jellaledin, Mahmud, ref 1

  Jerusalem, ref 1, ref 2

  Jerusalems-Verein, ref 1

  Jewish Colonization Association, ref 1

  Jews, ref 1

  Jihad, ref 1, ref 2

  John V Paleologus, ref 1

  Jones, John Paul, ref 1

  Joseph II, ref 1

  Josephine, Empress, ref 1

  Judaism, ref 1

  July Crisis, ref 1

  Jumblatt family, ref 1

  K

  Kabul, ref 1

  Kaehler, Otto, ref 1

  Kagithane Suyu, ref 1

  Kaimakan, ref 1

  Kaiser William I, ref 1

  Kaiser William II, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Kalami, ref 1

  Kalemegdan Fortress, ref 1

  Kamenets Podolsky fortress, ref 1

  Kamil, Hussein, ref 1

  Kamil, Mehmed, ref 1, ref 2

  Kandilli, ref 1

  Kapali Carsi, ref 1

  Kapetanate, ref 1

  Karadjordjevic dynasty, ref 1

  Karaman province, ref 1, ref 2

  Kara Mustafa, ref 1

  Karaosmanoğlu family, ref 1
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  Karlowitz, ref 1

  Kars, ref 1, ref 2

  Kastri, ref 1

  Kavalla, ref 1

  Kemal, Mustafa, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Kemal, Namik, ref 1, ref 2

  Kemalist Revolution, ref 1

  Kerkoporta, ref 1

  Khalfa, Cevri, ref 1

  Khartoum, ref 1

  Khedive, ref 1

  Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, ref 1, ref 2

  Kherson, ref 1

  Kiliç kuşanmaci, ref 1

  Kilid Bahr, ref 1

  Kilyos, ref 1

  King George I, ref 1

  King George V, ref 1

  King Louis XIV, ref 1, ref 2

  King Stephen, ref 1

  King Tiridates III, ref 1

  Klephtic war, ref 1

  Knights of Malta, ref 1

  Koçi, Mustafa, ref 1

  Königsmarck, John, ref 1

  Konya, ref 1, ref 2

  Köprülü, Mehmed, ref 1

  Köprülü, Mustafa, ref 1

  Koran, ref 1

  Korneuberg, ref 1

  Kosovo, ref 1, ref 2

  Kress von Kressenstein, Franz, ref 1, ref 2

  Krupps (company), ref 1

  Kuchukalioğlu family, ref 1

  Kuchuk Kainardji, ref 1, ref 2

  Kuchuk Kainardji Treaty, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Kulliyesi, Ibrahim Pasha, ref 1

  Kurdish tribe, ref 1, ref 2

  Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK., ref 1

  Kurdistan, ref 1

  Kutahiya, ref 1

  L

  Lake Balaton, ref 1

  Lake Jezero, ref 1

  Lake Orchid, ref 1

  Lake Van, ref 1, ref 2

  Lale Devri, ref 1

  Land ownership, by Sultan, ref 1

  Language

  French, ref 1, ref 2

  of Koran, ref 1

  Larissa, ref 1, ref 2

  Latakia, ref 1

  Lausanne Conference, ref 1

  Lausanne Treaty, ref 1

  Lavalette, Marquis de, ref 1

  Law of Associations, ref 1

  Lawrence’s Arab Revolt, ref 1

  Layard, Henry, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Leadership structure, ref 1

  Lebanon, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Legislature, bicameral, ref 1

  Leitha River, ref 1

  Lemnos, ref 1

  Leopold I, ref 1, ref 2

  Lesseps, Ferdinand de, ref 1

  Liberal Union Party, ref 1

  Libya, ref 1

  Light of Day, The (Ambler), ref 1

  Limpus, Arthur, ref 1, ref 2

  Lion of the Piraeus, ref 1

  Livadia, ref 1

  London, ref 1

  London Protocol, ref 1, ref 2

  London Treaty, ref 1

  “Long peace,” ref 1

  Lord Aberdeen, ref 1, ref 2

  Lord Carnock (Nicolson), ref 1

  Lord Clarendon, ref 1

  Lord Curzon, ref 1

  Lord Derby, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Lord Palmerston, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Lord Ponsonby, ref 1

  Lord Rosebery, ref 1, ref 2

  Lord Salisbury, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  “Lords of the Divan,” ref 1

  Lorelei (ship), ref 1

  Lotis, Michael, ref 1

  Louis Napoleon, ref 1

  Louis XIV, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Louis XVIII, ref 1

  Lowther, Gerard, ref 1, ref 2

  Lutherans, ref 1

  Lycée Louis-le-Grand, ref 1

  Lyuma, ref 1

  M

  MacColl, Canon, ref 1

  MacDermott, James, ref 1

  Macedonia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  MacFarlane, Charles, ref 1

  Machiavelli, ref 1

  Maghreb, ref 1, ref 2

  Maghreb dependencies, ref 1

  Magyars, ref 1

  Mahdist revolt, ref 1

  Mahmud I, ref 1

  Mahmud II, ref 1, ref 2

  Maidos, ref 1

  Malta, ref 1

  Mamelukes, ref 1, ref 2

  Mamuret, ref 1

  Mani, ref 1

  Marly chateau, ref 1

  Marmara Sea, ref 1, ref 2

  Maronite Christian Church, ref 1

  Maronites, ref 1

  Marquis de Lavalette, ref 1

  Marseilles, ref 1, ref 2

  Masjid-i-Sulaiman, ref 1

  Mavroyeni, John, ref 1, ref 2

  McMahon, Henry, ref 1

  Mecca, ref 1, ref 2

  Mecelle, 151, ref 1

  Meclis-i Ayan, ref 1

  Meclis-i Mebusan, 166, ref 1

  Medina, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Mediterranean Fleet, ref 1, ref 2

  Mehmed, Celaleddin, ref 1

  Mehmed II

  arrives in Constantinople, ref 1

  foreign policy of, ref 1

  religion and, ref 1

  as Rum Kayseri, ref 1

  Suleiman I and, ref 1

  Mehmed III, ref 1

  Mehmed IV, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Mehmed Said, ref 1

  Mehmed VI Vahideddin, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Meissner, Heinrich, ref 1

  Meluna Pass, ref 1

  Menderes valley, ref 1

  Menshikov, Alexander, ref 1, ref 2

  Merchant fleet, ref 1

  Mesopotamia, ref 1

  Metternich (Austrian Foreign Minister., ref 1

  Midhat, Ahmed, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Midilli (ship), ref 1

  Milan, ref 1

  Military Frontier, ref 1

  Millet, ref 1

  Ministry of Religious Foundations, ref 1

  Mirman Sinan, ref 1

  Missolonghi, ref 1, ref 2

  Moldavia, ref 1, ref 2

  Moltke, Helmuth von, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Monastir, ref 1, ref 2

  Monemvasia, ref 1

  Montagu, Edwin, ref 1

  Montagu, Mary Wortley, ref 1, ref 2

  Montenegro, ref 1

  Morosini, Francesco, ref 1

  Moscow, ref 1

  Mosul, ref 1

  Mother Teresa, ref 1

  Mount Ararat, ref 1

  Mount Lebanon, ref 1

  Mount Ossa, ref 1

  Moutraye, Aubry de la, ref 1

  Mudania, ref 1

  Mudros, ref 1

  Mudros Armistice, ref 1, ref 2

  Muharrem Decree, ref 1

  Murad IV, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Murad V, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Mürzsteg Proposals, ref 1

  Muş ref 1

  Mussulmans, ref 1

  Mustafa II, ref 1

  Mustafa III, ref 1

  Mustafa IV, ref 1

  Mutasarriflik, ref 1

  Muteferrika, Ibrahim, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  N

  Naciye, Princess Emine Naciye, ref 1

  Najaf, ref 1

  Nakhimov, Admiral, ref 1

  Namaz prayers, ref 1

  Naples, news of Constantinople reaches, ref 1

  Napoleon Bonaparte, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Napoleonic Code, ref 1

  Napoleon III, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nationalist Representative Committee (NCR), ref 1

  National Pact, ref 1

  Navarino Battle, ref 1, ref 2

  Nedim, Ahmed, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nedim, Mahmud, ref 1

  Nelidov, General, ref 1, ref 2

  Nesselrode, Count, ref 1, ref 2

  Nevesinje, ref 1

  “New Keepers of the Hounds,” ref 1

  “New Order,” ref 1

  Nezib, ref 1

  Nicholas I, ref 1, ref 2, ref 4, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Nicholas II, ref 1, ref 2

  Nicolson, Harold, ref 1

  Nightingale, Florence, ref 1

  Nikogos, ref 1

  Nikolaev, ref 1
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  Niš, 19, 23, ref 1

  Niyazi, Ahmed, ref 1

  Nizam-i Cedid, ref 1

  Novibazar, ref 1

  NRC (Nationalist Representative Committee), ref 1

  Nurousmaniye Cami mosque, ref 1

  O

  Obrenović, Miloš, ref 1

  Ochakov, ref 1

  O’Conor, Nicholas, ref 1, ref 2

  Odessa, ref 1, ref 2

  Oil, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Opera, ref 1

  Orabi, Ahmed, ref 1

  Order of Chastity, ref 1

  Orhan, ref 1

  Oriental Railway Company, ref 1

  Orient Express, ref 1

  Orient Railway, ref 1

  Orlov, Alexis, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Osman of Söğüt, ref 1

  Ostrorog, Leon, ref 1

  Ottoman Bank, ref 1

  Ottoman Debt, ref 1

  Ottoman Empire

  as barbaric, ref 1

  European financial control of, ref 1

  Islam and, ref 1

  as military institution, ref 1

  origin of term, ref 1

  ruling structure of, ref 1

  Ottoman Freedom Society, ref 1, ref 2

  Ottoman Grand Tour, ref 1

  Ottoman Liberal Union, ref 1, ref 2

  Ottoman Public Debt Commission, ref 1, ref 2

  Otto of Bavaria, ref 1

  Ouchy Treaty, ref 1

  P

  Paget, Arthur, ref 1

  Palästinaverein, ref 1

  Palestine, ref 1

  Palmerston, Lord, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Panslavism, ref 1

  Paris, ref 1

  Paris Armistice, ref 1

  Paris Peace Conference, ref 1

  Paris Peace Congress, ref 1

  Paris Treaty, ref 1

  Parker, Hyde, ref 1

  Parker, William, ref 1

  Paşaoğlu family, ref 1

  Pasha Ali, ref 1

  Pasha Ali Riza, ref 1

  Pasha Damat Ferid, ref 1

  Pasha Gazi Osman, ref 1

  Pasha Hafiz, ref 1

  Pasha Hakki, ref 1, ref 2

  Pasha Hassan Fehmi, ref 1

  Pasha Ismet, ref 1

  Pasha Kamil, ref 1, ref 2

  Pasha Kumbaraci Osman Ahmed, ref 1

  Pasha Mahmud Shevket, ref 1

  Pasha Mehmed Husrev, ref 1

  Pasha Mehmed Kamil, ref 1

  Pasha Mehmed Said Halim, ref 1

  Pasha Nazim, ref 1

  Pasha Omer Lutfi, ref 1, ref 2

  Pasha Osman, ref 1, ref 2

  Pasha Refet, ref 1, ref 2

  Pasha Said, ref 1

  Pasha Shevket, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Patrona Terror, ref 1

  Peace Conference, Paris, ref 1

  Peace Congress, ref 1

  Peace of Karlowitz, ref 1

  Peace of Passarowitz, ref 1

  Peace Treaty of Jassy, ref 1

  Pec, ref 1

  Peloponnese, ref 1

  Penal code of 1840, ref 1

  Pera, ref 1

  Pera Palace, ref 1

  Pertevniyal, ref 1

  Peru, silver from, ref 1

  Pest, ref 1

  Peter the Great, ref 1, ref 2

  Phanar, ref 1

  Phanariot Masonic Lodge, ref 1

  Philiki Hetairia, ref 1

  Philippopolis, ref 1

  “Pig Quarter” of Pera, ref 1