by Jaron Lanier
remote, 11–12
reversible, 143n
security of, 175, 345–46
servers for, 12n, 15, 31, 53–57, 71–72, 95–96, 143–44, 171, 180, 183, 206, 245, 358
software for, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, 68, 86, 99, 100–101, 128, 129, 147, 154, 155, 165, 172–73, 177–78, 182, 192, 234, 236, 241–42, 258, 262, 273–74, 283, 331, 347, 357
user interface for, 362–63, 364
computer science, 113–14, 120, 123, 157, 180, 193, 248, 272, 286n, 342, 362–63
conflicts of interest, 62n
Confucianism, 214, 215–16
connectivity, 171–72, 184–85, 273, 296n, 309, 316, 331
consciousness, 195–96
conservatism, 148, 149–51, 153, 204, 208, 249, 251, 253, 256, 293
construction industry, 151
consultants, 69–72
consumer electronics, 85–86, 162
consumer-facing sites, 179–80, 182, 216
consumers, see economies, consumer
“content farms,” 120
contracts, 79–82, 172, 182, 183–84, 246–48, 314, 347, 352–53
copyright, 44, 47, 49, 60, 61, 96, 183, 206, 207, 224–26, 239–40, 263–64
corporations, 265–67, 307, 314, 348–51
correlations, 75–76, 114–15, 192, 274–75
correlative algorithms, 75–76
corruption, 31, 48, 77, 235, 257, 341n
cost comparisons, 64
cost-effectiveness, 136–37
cost externalization, 59n
countercultures, 24
Craigslist, 177n
credit, 52, 116, 177, 193, 287–90, 305, 320, 337–38
credit cards, 185, 186, 269n
credit ratings, 52, 116, 177, 193, 320
creepiness, 305–24
crime, 48, 307, 311, 319–21
crowdsourcing, 21, 86, 119–20, 356
cryptography, 14
currencies, 286–87
customer service, 177
cyberactivism, 14, 199, 200–201, 210, 308–9, 335–36, 339
cyberattacks, 201
cybernetics, 230
cyberpunk literature, 309, 356n
Daedalus, 22
data, 12, 20, 50–54, 55, 71–76, 92, 167n, 174, 176–77, 178, 196, 223, 234–35, 246–48, 256–58, 271–75, 286–87, 292, 300, 307, 316, 317–24, 347
see also big data
databases, 20, 71–72, 75–76, 178, 192, 203
data copying, 50–51
data mining, 120
dating services, 108–9, 113, 167–68, 274–75, 286
Deadpool, 189
death denial, 193, 218, 253, 263–64, 325–31, 367
death tolls, 134
debt, 29, 30n, 54, 92, 95, 96
Debt: The First 5,000 Years (Graeber), 30n
decision-making, 63–64, 184, 266, 269–75, 284n
decision reduction, 266, 269–71, 284n
deconstructionism, 131
democracy, 9, 32–33, 44, 90–92, 120, 200, 202–4, 207, 208, 209, 209, 210, 246–48, 277–78, 321, 324, 336, 342
Democratic Party, 202
demonetization, 172, 176n, 186, 207, 260–61
denial of service, 171–72, 312–13, 315
depopulation, 97, 133
depressions, economic, 69–70, 75, 135, 151–52, 288, 299
deprinters, 88
derivatives funds, 56, 60, 149, 153, 155, 301
determinism, 125, 143, 156, 166–68, 202, 328, 361
devaluation, 15–16, 19–21
developed world, 53–54
Diamond, Jared, 134
dice throws, 23n
Dick, Philip K., 18, 137
differential pricing, 63–64
digital cameras, 2
digital networks, 2–3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19–21, 31, 35, 49, 50–51, 53, 54–55, 56, 57, 59, 60–61, 66–67, 69–71, 74, 75, 77–80, 92, 96, 99, 107–8, 118–19, 120, 122, 129–30, 133n, 136–37, 143–48, 192, 199, 209, 221–30, 234, 235, 245–51, 259, 277, 278, 286–87, 308–9, 316, 337, 345, 349, 350, 355, 366–67
design of, 40–45
educational, 92–97
effects, 99, 153, 169–74, 179, 181–82, 183, 186, 207, 305, 362–63, 366
elite, 15, 31, 54–55, 60, 122, 201
graph-shaped, 214, 242–43
medical, 98–99
nodes of, 156, 227, 230, 241–43, 350
power of, 147–49, 167
punishing vs. rewarding, 169–74, 182, 183
tree-shaped, 241–42, 243, 246
see also Internet
digital rights movement, 225–26
digital technology, 2–3, 7–8, 15–16, 18, 31, 40, 43, 50–51, 132, 208
dignity, 51–52, 73–74, 92, 209, 239, 253–64, 280, 319, 365–66
direct current (DC), 327
disease, 110
disenfranchisement, 15–16
dossiers, personal, 109, 318
dot-com bubble, 186, 301
double-blind tests, 112
Drexler, Eric, 162
DSM, 124n
dualism, 194–95
Duncan, Isadora, 214
Dyson, George, 192
dystopias, 130, 137–38
earthquakes, 266
Eastern Religion, 211–17
eBay, 173, 176, 177n, 180, 241, 343
eBooks, 113, 246–47, 352–60
eBureau, 109
economic avatars, 283–85, 302, 337–38
economics, 1–3, 15, 22, 37, 38, 40–41, 42, 67, 122, 143, 148–52, 153, 155–56, 204, 208, 209, 236, 259, 274, 288, 298–99, 311, 362n, 363
economies:
austerity in, 96, 115, 125, 151, 152, 204, 208
barter system for, 20, 57
collusion in, 65–66, 72, 169–74, 255, 350–51
competition in, 42, 60, 81, 143–44, 147, 153, 180, 181, 187–88, 246–48, 326
consumer, 16–17, 43, 54, 56n, 62, 63–65, 72–74, 85–86, 98, 114, 117, 154, 162, 173–74, 177, 179–80, 182, 192, 193, 215, 216, 223, 227, 241, 246, 247, 248–64, 271–72, 273, 286–88, 293, 323, 347–48, 349, 355–56, 357, 358–60
depressions in, 69–70, 75, 135, 151–52, 288, 299
dignity in, 51–52, 73–74, 92, 209, 239, 253–64, 280, 319, 365–66
distributions in, 37–45
of education, 92–97
efficiency in, 39, 42–43, 53, 61, 66–67, 71–74, 88, 90, 97, 118, 123, 155, 176n, 187–88, 191, 236, 246, 310, 349
entrepreneurial, 14, 57, 79, 82, 100–106, 116, 117–20, 122, 128, 148–49, 166, 167, 183, 200, 234, 241–43, 248, 274, 326, 359
equilibrium in, 148–51
financial sector in, 7n, 29–31, 35, 38, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56–67, 69–70, 74–80, 82, 115, 116–20, 148n, 153–54, 155, 179–85, 200, 208, 218, 254, 257, 258, 277–78, 298, 299–300, 301, 336–37, 344–45, 348, 350
freedom and, 32–33, 90–92, 277–78, 336
global, 33n, 153–56, 173, 201, 214–15, 280
government oversight of, 44, 45–46, 49, 79–80, 96, 151–52, 158, 199, 205–6, 234–35, 240, 246, 248–51, 299–300, 307, 317, 341, 345–46, 350–51
growth in, 32, 43–45, 53–54, 119, 149–51, 236, 256–57, 270–71, 274–75, 291–94, 350
of health care, 98–99, 100, 153–54
historical analysis of, 29–31, 37–38, 69–70
humanistic, 194, 209, 233–351 361–367
of human labor, 85, 86, 87, 88, 99–100, 257–58, 292
identity in, 82, 283–90, 305, 306, 307, 315–16
inclusiveness of, 291–94
information, 1–3, 8–9, 15–17, 18, 19–20, 21, 35, 60–61, 92–97, 118, 185, 188, 201, 207, 209, 241–43, 245–46, 246–48, 256–58, 263, 283–87, 291–303, 331, 361–67
leadership in, 341–51
legal issues for, 49, 74–78
levees in, 43–45, 46, 47, 48, 49–50, 52, 92, 94, 96, 98, 108, 171, 176n, 224–25, 239–43, 253–54, 263, 345
; local advantages in, 64, 94–95, 143–44, 153–56, 173, 203, 280
market, 16–17, 20, 23–24, 33–34, 38, 39, 43–46, 47, 50–52, 66–67, 75, 108, 118–19, 126, 136, 143, 144–48, 151–52, 155, 156, 167, 202, 207, 221–22, 240, 246–48, 254–57, 261, 262–63, 266, 277–78, 288, 292–93, 297–300, 318, 324, 326, 329, 344, 354, 355–56; see also capitalism
mathematical analysis of, 40–41
models of, 40–41, 148–52, 153, 155–56
monopolies in, 60, 65–66, 169–74, 181–82, 187–88, 190, 202, 326, 350
morality and, 29–34, 35, 42, 50–52, 54, 71–74, 252–64
Nelsonian, 335, 349–50
neutrality in, 286–87
optimization of, 144–47, 148, 153, 154–55, 167, 202, 203
outcomes in, 40–41, 144–45
political impact of, 21, 47–48, 96, 149–51, 155, 167, 295–96
pricing strategies in, 1–2, 43, 60–66, 72–74, 145, 147–48, 158, 169–74, 226, 261, 272–75, 289, 317–24, 331, 337–38
productivity of, 7, 56–57, 134–35
profit margins in, 59n, 71–72, 76–78, 94–95, 116, 177n, 178, 179, 207, 258, 274–75, 321–22
public perception of, 66n, 79–80, 149–50
recessions in, 31, 54, 60, 76–77, 79, 151–52, 167, 204, 311, 336–37
regulation of, 37–38, 44, 45–46, 49–50, 54, 56, 69–70, 77–78, 266n, 274, 299–300, 311, 321–22, 350–51
risk in, 54, 55, 57, 59–63, 71–72, 85, 117, 118–19, 120, 156, 170–71, 179, 183–84, 188, 242, 277–81, 284, 337, 350
scams in, 119–21, 186, 275n, 287–88, 299–300
self-destructive, 60–61
social aspect of, 37–38, 40, 148–52, 153, 154–56
stimulus methods for, 151–52
sustainable, 235–37, 285–87
transformation of, 280–94, 341–51
trust as factor in, 32–34, 35, 42, 51–52
value in, 21, 33–35, 52, 61, 64–67, 73n, 108, 283–90, 299–300, 321–22, 364
variables in, 149–50
vendors in, 71–74
Edison, Thomas, 263, 327
editors, 92
education, 92–97, 98, 120, 150, 201
efficiency, 39, 42–43, 53, 61, 66–67, 71–74, 88, 90, 97, 118, 123, 155, 176n, 187–88, 191, 236, 246, 310, 349
Egypt, 95
eHarmony, 167–68
Einstein, Albert, 208n, 364
elderly, 97–100, 133, 269, 296n, 346
elections, 202–4, 249, 251
electricity, 131, 327
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 184
“elevator pitch,” 233, 342, 361
Eloi, 137
employment, 2, 7–8, 11, 22, 56–57, 60, 71–74, 79, 85–106, 117, 123, 135, 149, 151–52, 178, 201, 234, 257–58, 321–22, 331, 343
encryption, 14–15, 175, 239–40, 305–8, 345
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 338
End of History, The (Fukuyama), 165
endoscopes, 11
end-use license agreements (EULAs), 79–82, 314
energy landscapes, 145–48, 152, 209, 336, 350
energy sector, 43, 55–56, 90, 144, 258, 301–3
Engelbart, Doug, 215
engineering, 113–14, 120, 123–24, 157, 180, 192, 193, 194, 217, 218, 248, 272, 286n, 326, 342, 362–63
Enlightenment, 35, 255
enneagrams, 124n, 215
Enron Corp., 49, 74–75
entertainment industry, 7, 66, 109, 120, 135, 136, 185–86, 258, 260
see also mass media
entrepreneurship, 14, 57, 79, 82, 100–106, 116, 117–20, 122, 128, 148–49, 166, 167, 183, 200, 234, 241–43, 248, 274, 326, 359
entropy, 55–56, 143, 183–84
environmental issues, 32
equilibrium, 148–51
Erlich, Paul, 132
est, 214
Ethernet, 229
Etsy, 343
Europe, 45, 54, 77, 199
evolution, 131, 137–38, 144, 146–47
exclusion principle, 181, 202
Expedia, 65
experiments, scientific, 112
experts, 88, 94–95, 124, 133–34, 178, 325–31, 341, 342
externalization, 59n
Facebook, 2, 8, 14, 20, 56–57, 93, 109, 154, 169, 171, 174, 180, 181, 188, 190–91, 200n, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 227, 242–43, 246, 248, 249, 251, 270, 280, 286, 306, 309, 310, 313, 314, 317, 318, 322, 326, 329, 341, 343, 344, 346, 347–48, 366
facial recognition, 305n, 309–10
factories, 43, 85–86, 88, 135
famine, 17, 132
Fannie Mae, 69
fascism, 159–60
fashion, 89, 260
feedback, 112, 162, 169, 203, 298, 301–3, 363–64, 365
fees, service, 81, 82
feudalism, 79
Feynman, Richard, 94
file sharing, 50–52, 61, 74, 78, 88, 100, 223–30, 239–40, 253–64, 277, 317–24, 335, 349
“filter bubbles,” 225, 357
filters, 119–20, 200, 225, 356–57
financial crisis (2008), 76–77, 115, 148n
financial services, 7n, 29–31, 35, 38, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56–67, 69–70, 74–80, 82, 115, 116–20, 148n, 153–54, 155, 179–85, 200, 208, 218, 254, 257, 258, 277–78, 298, 299–300, 301, 336–37, 344–45, 348, 350
firewalls, 305
first-class economic citizens, 246, 247, 248–51, 273, 286–87, 323, 349, 355–56
Flightfox, 64
fluctuations, 76–78
flu outbreaks, 110, 120
fMRI, 111–12
food supplies, 17, 123, 131
“Fool on the Hill, The,” 213
Ford, Henry, 43
Ford, Martin, 56n
Forster, E. M., 129–30, 261, 328
“Forum,” 214
Foucault, Michel, 308n
4chan, 335
4′33″ (Cage), 212
fractional reserve system, 33
Franco, Francisco, 159–60
freedom, 13–15, 32–33, 90–92, 277–78, 336
freelancing, 253–54
Free Print Shop, 228
“free rise,” 182–89, 355
free speech, 223, 225
free will, 166–68
“friction,” 179, 225, 230, 235, 354
Friendster, 180, 181
Fukuyama, Francis, 165, 189
fundamentalism, 131, 193–94
future:
chaos in, 165–66, 273n, 331
economic analysis of, 1–3, 15, 22, 37, 38, 40–41, 42, 67, 122, 143, 148–52, 153, 155–56, 204, 208, 209, 236, 259, 274, 288, 298–99, 311, 362n, 363
humanistic economy for, 194, 209, 233–351 361–367
“humors” of, 124–40, 230
modern conception of, 123–40, 193–94, 255
natural basis of, 125, 127, 128–29
optimism about, 32–35, 45, 130, 138–40, 218, 230n, 295
politics of, 13–18, 22–25, 85, 122, 124–26, 128, 134–37, 199–234, 295–96, 342
technological trends in, 7–18, 21, 53–54, 60–61, 66–67, 85–86, 87, 97–98, 129–38, 157–58, 182, 188–90, 193–96, 217
utopian conception of, 13–18, 21, 30, 31, 37–38, 45–46, 96, 128, 130, 167, 205, 207, 265, 267, 270, 283, 290, 291, 308–9, 316
future-oriented money, 32–34, 35
Gadget, 186
Gallant, Jack, 111–12
games, 362, 363
Gates, Bill, 93
Gattaca, 130
Gawker, 118n
Gelernter, David, 313
“general” machines, 158
General Motors, 56–57
general relativity theory, 167n
Generation X, 346
genetic engineering, 130
genetics, 109–10, 130, 131, 146–47, 329, 366
genomics, 109–10, 146–47, 366
Germany, 45
Ghostery, 109
ghost s
uburbs, 296
Gibson, William, 137, 309
Gizmodo, 117–18
Global Business Network (GBN), 214–15
global climate change, 17, 32, 53, 132, 133, 134, 203, 266, 295, 296–97, 301–2, 331
global economy, 33n, 153–56, 173, 201, 214–15, 280
global village, 201
God, 29, 30–31, 139
Golden Goblet, 121, 121, 175, 328
golden rule, 335–36
gold standard, 34
Google, 14, 15, 19, 69, 74, 75–76, 90, 94, 106, 110, 120, 128, 153, 154, 170, 171, 174, 176, 180, 181–82, 188, 191, 192, 193, 199–200, 201, 209, 210, 217, 225, 227, 246, 249, 265, 267, 272, 278, 280, 286, 305n, 307, 309–10, 322, 325, 330, 344, 348, 352
Google Goggles, 309–10
Googleplex, 199–200
goops, 85–89, 99
Gore, Al, 80n
Graeber, David, 30n
granularity, 277
graph-shaped networks, 241, 242–43
Great Britain, 200
Great Depression, 69–70, 75, 135, 299
Great Recession, 31, 54, 60, 76–77, 204, 311, 336–37
Greece, 22–25, 45, 125
Grigorov, Mario, 267
guitars, 154
guns, 310–11
Gurdjieff, George, 215, 216
gurus, 211–13
hackers, 14, 82, 265, 306–7, 345–46
Hardin, Garrett, 66n
Hartmann, Thom, 33n
Hayek, Friedrich, 204
health care, 66–67, 95, 98–99, 100, 132–33, 153–54, 249, 253, 258, 337, 346
health insurance, 66–67, 95, 98–99, 100, 153–54
Hearts and Minds, 353n
heart surgery, 11–13, 17, 18, 157–58
heat, 56
hedge funds, 69, 106, 137
Hephaestus, 22, 23
high-dimensional problems, 145
high-frequency trading, 56, 76–78, 154
highways, 79–80, 345
Hinduism, 214
Hippocrates, 124n
Hiroshima bombing (1945), 127
Hollywood, 204, 206, 242
holographic radiation, 11
Homebrew Club, 228
homelessness, 151
homeopathy, 131–32
Homer, 23, 55
Honan, Mat, 82
housing market, 33, 46, 49–52, 61, 78, 95–96, 99, 193, 224, 227, 239, 245, 255, 274n, 289n, 296, 298, 300, 301
HTML, 227, 230
Huffington Post, 176, 180, 189
human agency, 8–21, 50–52, 85, 88, 91, 124–40, 144, 165–66, 175–78, 191–92, 193, 217, 253–64, 274–75, 283–85, 305–6, 328, 341–51, 358–60, 361, 362, 365–67
humanistic information economy, 194, 209, 233–351 361–367
human reproduction, 131
humors (tropes), 124–40, 157, 170, 230
hunter-gatherer societies, 131, 261–62
hyperefficient markets, 39, 42–43