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Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
A&P Foodstores (retailers) 171
aboriginals, Australian 77
Abu Hureyra, Syria, archaeological site 56, 70
adzes (tool) 218
adzuki beans 211, 223
aggression and violence:
in humans 312–15, 317
in other species 316
Agouti Signalling Protein gene (ASIP) 35, 36
agrochemicals see fertilisers, synthetic; herbicides; pesticides
Alcinous (mythological figure) 271
Alexander the Great 222
Almaty, Kazakhstan 265, 269
almonds 211
Altai Mountains, Siberia 15, 27, 246, 269
altitude:
and centres of early domestication 302
high-altitude adaptation in humans 297–8
‘American interchange, great’ (faunal exchange) 232
Ameryk, Richard 124
antelope 75, 92–3, 244
Anthony, David 244, 256
Aphrodite (mythological figure) 271
apples (Malus domestica) 262–80
classification, history and spread of wild apples 264–71, 277–80
cultivation, propagation and domestication 266, 271–80, 307–8, 321
genetic make-up 271, 277–80, 329, 330
apple species and varieties 265–7, 276–7
Ambrosia 277
Braeburn 277
Cox’s Orange Pippin 276
Egremont Russet 276
Golden Delicious 277
Granny Smith 276
McIntosh 276
Malus baccata 267
Malus dasyphylla 265
Malus praecox 265
Malus pumila 277
Malus sieversii 265, 266–7, 277, 278, 279
Malus sylvestris 265, 266, 278, 279
‘Appleseed, Johnny’ 321
apricots 219, 270, 274
Aristotle 179
art 73–5, 237–8, 255, 259, 313
Arthur, Prince of Wales 125–6
artificial incubation 196
artificial insemination 107
‘artificial selection’, use of term 2–4, 302–4
Aşikli Höyük, Turkey, archaeological site 99
asses 75, 232–3, 236, 251, 252
Aston, Mick 84
Astrohippus (extinct early equid) 232
aubergines, genetically modified 186, 209, 210, 323
Aubrey, John 263
aurochsen 50, 83–4, 87–8, 99, 100, 108–110
hunting 83–4, 88–91, 108
Avalon (mythical island) 270, 275
Aviagen (chicken breeding company) 173–4
avian flu 183–4, 187
avian malaria 186–7
axes 78, 218, 247
Axomama (Incan goddess) 154
Aymara people 154
Aztecs 118, 130, 307
baguales (feral horses) 230, 231
Bakewell, Robert 106
Balic, Adam 176–8, 182
Baligang, China, archaeological site 221
Balkweg, Netherlands, archaeological site 89–90
Bardsey Island, Gwynedd, monastery 276
barking 30–32, 43
barley 55–6, 65, 75, 94, 176, 215, 269, 301
genetic make-up 66–7, 68
threshing and grinding 57–8
Bateson, William 51–2
Bauhin, Gaspard 160
bears 31, 79, 238, 267–8, 283
Bedul Bedouin 60
beer-brewing 76, 176, 217
bees 3, 145, 303, 320
Behcet’s disease 299
Belyaev, Dmitry, fox breeding experiment 28–30, 34–5, 312, 313–14, 321
Benedictine Reform 195
Beringia (prehistoric land bridge) 12, 19, 116, 142–3, 231, 232, 233, 292–3
Beyer, Peter 206
Bible 160, 270, 274, 320
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 186, 324
biofuels 182, 307
birth rates (of humans) 306
bison and buffalo 234, 238, 244, 326
Black Death 113
Bluefish Caves, Canada, archaeological site 233
boar, wild 90, 217, 240, 268, 330
Board, Ernest, The Departure of John and Sebastian Cabot 123, 126
Bock, Jerome 119
bonobos 312–13, 316–17
Book of Poetry, The (Chinese) 222
Botai, Kazakhstan, archaeological site 244–5
horse remains 245–6, 250
Bouldnor Cliff, Isle of Wight, archaeological site 48–51, 80–81
Boxgrove, Sussex, archaeological site 233, 237
Boyer, Herbert 202
brain size 143, 149, 285–6
bread-making 57–8, 70, 75, 81
brewing 76, 176, 217
Bristol 123, 124–5, 126
Bristol Zoo, wolf pack 26–7, 30–31
broad beans 55
broomcorn see sorghum
brow ridges:
of humans 285, 314
of Neanderthals 281, 282
Brown, Dan, The Da Vinci Code 174
BSE (mad cow disease) 202–3, 204, 210
Bt Brinjal (genetically modified aubergine) 186, 209, 210, 323
buffalo and bison 234, 238, 244, 326
bull-fighting 104
burial rituals 78, 246–7, 248, 308–9
Bushmen (San people) 92, 293, 304
Busk, George 282–3
Butler, Samuel 170
Byzantine Empire 276
Cabot, John 123–6, 128, 307
Cabot, Sebastian 123, 126, 128
calcium 93, 294
calculus, dental, analysis of 94–5
camels 234
Candolle, Alphonse de 52
Cann, Rebecca 286
cannabis 219
carbon dating 70, 148
carbon dioxide, atmospheric levels of 71, 76, 301, 318, 319
caribou 234
Carmelites 159–60
carrots 55, 160
Cartier, Jacques 128
cartography 114
carvings, stone 73–5, 309
Catalhöyük, Turkey, archaeological site 305–6, 317
Catherine of Aragon 125–6
Catherine the Great, Russian Empress 162
cattle (Bos taurus) 82–110, 202–3, 240, 327
dating and locations of early domestication 91, 95, 99–101, 102, 220, 244, 268, 303, 309, 330–31
genetic make-up 100, 101, 105, 109–110
interbreeding, hybridisation and selection 100–102, 104–8, 109–110
size 83, 102–4, 105, 309
see also milk production
cattle species and varieties 100, 105, 106
Ayrshire 106
banteng 102
Criollo 106
Dexter 109–110
Girolando 106
Highland 109–110
Holstein-Friesian 107
longhorn 106
Sanga 101
shorthorn 106
Welsh Black 109–110
zebu 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 331
see also aurochsen
cavalries 248, 259, 309
Cave of the Three Windows, Peru, archaeological site 152
cave paintings 237–8, 255, 2
59, 313
Cayonu, Turkey 73, 77
Cerro Guido ranch, Chile 227–30
Ceylon junglefowl 189
Chapman, John (‘Johnny Appleseed’) 321
Charles, Prince of Wales 203
cheese-making 97–8, 217, 310–311
Chernobyl nuclear power plant 240
cherries 274
chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) 170–96, 240, 308
genetic make-up 176, 179–80, 188–9, 190–91, 192–3, 194–5, 196
origins and domestication 187–94, 303, 308
selective breeding and genetic modification 170–87, 194–6, 323, 324, 330
chicken breeds 193
Arbor Acre 173
Booted Bantam 193
Breda Fowl 193
Lakenvelder 193
Leghorn 173, 196
Red Cornish 173
Silkie 196
Chicken-of-Tomorrow competition 171–3, 194, 308
chickpeas 55, 117, 223, 301
Chicomecoatl (Aztec goddess) 130
child development 315
Childe, Gordon 64, 65
chilli 116–17
chimpanzees 143, 148, 312–13, 316
chuño (freeze-dried potatoes) 154–5
cider apples and cider-making 275, 278–9, 307–8
cinnamon 113, 223
Cinteotl (Aztec god) 130
Cistercians 276
citrus fruits 211, 274
climate change 103, 187, 215–16, 236, 244, 267, 301, 302, 318–19
see also Ice Age, ending of; Younger Dryas
clones and cloning (asexual reproduction) 163, 164, 167, 272–3, 280
Clovis culture 142, 234
co-evolution 303, 305–312, 330
Coast (television series) 84
Cobb-Vantress (chicken breeding company) 173–4
cockfighting 194, 308
cocoa 319
coffee 117, 319
Cohen, Stanley 202
Colling, Robert and Charles 106
Columbian Exchange 116–17, 167, 223, 224
Columbus, Christopher 105–6, 113–16, 118, 121, 123, 307
communication:
animal–human 31, 260–61
human language development 247, 250, 308, 313
cooking, development of 89–90, 94, 149, 217, 222, 223
see also bread-making
copper 247, 248, 249
coriander 55
corn syrup, high-fructose 307
Cornille, Amandine 277–8, 279
cortisol (hormone) 34
cotton, genetically modified 201, 207, 208, 209
cowpeas 224
Tamed Page 41