The Weaker Vessel: Women's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England

by Antonia Fraser

  63 Cellier, ‘Scheme for the Foundation of a Royal Hospital’, p.137.

  64 See Cellier, To Dr–, An Answer, pp.1–2.

  65 Cellier, To Dr–, An Answer, p.7.

  66 Cellier, To Dr–, An Answer, p.8.

  67 Strickland, English Queens, V, pp.214–26.

  68 Dr Chamberlen’s Letter, Sloane MSS, 4107, p.150.

  Epilogue: How Strong?

  1 Mercurius Militaris, 22 April 1649.

  2 cit. Green, Queen Anne, p. 111.

  3 Makin, Essay on Education, p.11; Notestein, ‘English Woman’, p.83.

  4 Astell, Reflections, p.85.

  5 Agrippa, Female Pre-eminence, pp.1–2.

  6 Sprint, Bride-Woman Counseller.

  7 Lawes Resolutions, p.144; Essay in Defense of the Female Sex, p.38. (Probably written by Mrs Judith Drake, see Reynolds, Learned Lady, p.297.)

  8 Hieron, Helpe unto Devotion, p.386.

  9 Chambers, Mary Ward, II, p.33.

  10 HMC, 12th Report, Appendix, Part V, p.158.

  11 Seaver, Seventeenth-Century England, p.9.

  12 Cust Family Records, series II, p.120.

  13 Cartwright, Sacharissa, p.74.

  14 ‘The Female Warrior’, Douce Ballads, I (79).

  15 Taylor, ‘Treasures of Friendship’, p.53.

  16 Abbadie, Panégyrique de Marie, Reine d’Angleterre, see esp. pp.2, 7, 8, 13, 31; it was also printed in English.

  Reference Books

  This is not a complete list of all works consulted (which would be impossible for reasons of space) but a list of those books to which allusion is made under short titles in the References.

  The place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.

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  Adair, John, Roundhead General, A Military Biography of Sir William Waller, 1969.

  Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, Female Pre-eminence or the Dignity and Excellency of that Sex, above the Male, Done into English with Additional Advantages, H.C. (Henry Care), 1670.

  The Life and Death of that Excellent Minister of Christ, Mr Joseph Alleine, 1672.

  Allestree, Richard, The Ladies Calling. In Two Parts. By the author of the Whole Duty of Man etc., 5th impression, Oxford, 1677.

  Ambrose, Isaac, Works, including Prima, Media & Ultima, 1674.

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  ‘Anonymous Business Diary of a Midwife’, Rawlinson MS, D. 1141, Bodleian Library, Oxford.

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  Artamenes or The Grand Cyrus. An Excellent new Romance. Written by that famous Wit of France, Monsieur de Scudéry … and now Englished by F.C., Gent, 2 Vols, 1653.

  Ashley, Maurice, James II, 1977.

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  Aubrey, John, Brief Lives and Other Selected Writings, ed. and with an Introduction, Anthony Powell, 1949.

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  Aveling, J.H., MD, English Midwives. Their History and Prospects, 1872.

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  Birch, Una, Anna van Schurman. Artist, Scholar, Saint, 1909.

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  Braithwaite, W.C., The Second Period of Quakerism, 1919.

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  Burton, Robert, The Anatomy of Melancholy, ed. Holbrook Jackson, 1936.

  Butler, Samuel, Hudibras, ed. John Wilders, Oxford, 1967.

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  (CSP Venetian) Calendars of State Papers, Venetian.

  Memorandum Book of Sir Walter Calverley Bart, Surtees Society, LXXVII, 1883.

  Camden, Caroll, The Elizabethan Woman, 1952.

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  Capp, B.S., The Fifth Monarchy Men – A Study in Seventeenth-Century English Millenarianism, 1972.

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  Cartwright, Julia, Madame. A life of Henrietta, daughter of Charles I and Duchess of Orleans, 1891.

  Cartwright, Julia, Sacharissa – Some Account of Dorothy Sidney, Countess of Sunderland, her Family and Friends 1617–1684, 1937.

  Cary, Mary, The Resurrection of the Witnesses, 1648.

  The Case of Divorce and Remarriage thereupon Discussed by a Reverend Prelate of the Church of England and a private Gentleman Occasioned by the late Act of Parliament for the Divorce of the Lord Rosse, 1673.

  The Case of the Right Honourable Katherine Countess of Dorchester relating to the Bill lately brought in for the confirming the Grant made to the Right Honourable Arthur Earl of Torrington, by his present Majesty King William, and the late Queen Mary.

  The Case of my Lord Roos. Printed with an Act touching the Lord Marquess of Northampton and the Lady Elizabeth his wife, Anno V, Ed. VI, Thomason Tract, 669, fo. 24/34.

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  Cellier, Mrs Elizabeth, To Dr–, An Answer to his Queries, Concerning the Colledg of Midwives, 16 January 1688.

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  Cellier, Mrs Elizabeth, ‘A Scheme for the Foundation of a Royal Hospital, and Raising a Revenue of Five or Six-thousand Pounds a year, by, and for the Maintenance of a Corporation of skilful Midwives, and such Foundlings or exposed Children, as shall be admitted therein, etc.’, 1687, Harleian Miscellany, IV, 1745.

  ‘Certaine Informations’, E. 65 (8), British Library.

  Dr Hugh Chamberlen to the Princess Sophia, 4 October 1713, Sloane MSS, 4107, British Library.

  The Letters of John Chamberlain, ed. N.E. McClure, 2 Vols, Philadelphia, 1939.

  Chambers, M.C.E., The Life of Mary Ward, 1585–1645, 2 vols, 1885.

  Chapman, A. Beatrice Wallis, and Chapman, Mary Wallis, The Status of Women under the English Law, 1909.

  The Letters of King Charles II, ed. Sir Arthur Bryant, 1968.

  Chidley, Katherine, Good Counsell to the Petitioners for Presbyterian Government that they may declare their faith before they build their Church, 1645, Thomason Tract, 699, fo. 10/39.

  Chidley, Katherine, The Justification of the Independent Churches of Christ. Being an Answer to Mr Edwards his Booke etc., 1641.

  Chidley, Katherine, A New Yeares Gift, or a Briefe Exhortation to Mr Thomas Edwards, 1645, E. 23 (13), British Library.

  The Memoirs of Sir Hugh Cholmley, Knt and Bart, 1870.

  ‘Sir Hugh Cholmley’s Narrative of the Siege of Scarborough, 1644–5’, ed. C.H. Firth, English Historical Review, Vol. 32, 1917.

  Christie, W.D., A Life of Anthony Ashley Cooper First Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621–1683, 2 Vols, 1871.

  Cibber, Colley, Apology, ed. R.W. Lowe, 2 vols, 1887.

  Clarendon, Edward Earl of, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, 6 Vols, Oxford, reissued 1969.

  The Life of Edward of Clarendon in which is included A Continuation of His History of the Grand Rebellion, 3 Vols, Oxford, 1827.

  Clarendon MSS, Bodleian Library, Oxford.

  State Papers collected by Edward Earl of Clarendon, commencing 1621, ed. R. Scrope and T. Monkhouse, 3 Vols, Oxford, 1767–86.

  Clark, Alice, Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century, ed. Miranda Chaytor and Jane Lewis, reissued 1982.

  Clark(e), Samuel, The Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons in this Later Age, in Two Parts, 1683.

  The Clarke Papers, ed. C.H. Firth, 4 Vols, 1891–1901.

  Clyde, William M., The Struggle for the Freedom of the Press. From Caxton to Cromwell, Oxford, 1934.

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  Cocke, Thomas, ‘Classical or Gothic? Lady Anne Clifford Reconsidered’, Country Life, 31 January 1980.

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  Collins’ Peerage of England, ed. Sir Egerton Brydges, 9 Vols, 1812.

  A Complete History of Magick, Sorcery and Witchcraft, 2 Vols, 1715.

  Conway Letters. The Correspondence of Anne Viscountess Conway, Henry More and their Friends 1642–1684, ed. M.H. Nicolson, 1930.

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  The Poems, English, Latin and Greek, of Richard Crashaw, ed. L.E. Martin, Oxford, 1957.

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  Cressy, David, Literacy and the Social Order – Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England, Cambridge, 1980.

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  ‘Oliver Cromwell’s Cousin’s Diary’, transcribed by Rev. William Cole, Additional MS, 5858, fo. 213–21, British Library.

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  Cromwelliana, A Chronological detail of events in which Oliver Cromwell was engaged from the year 1642 to his death, 1810.

  Curll, Edmund, Betterton’s History of the English Stage, 1741.

  Records of the Cust Family, series II, The Brownlows of Belton, 1550–1779, compiled by Lady Elizabeth Cust, 1909.

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  The Life and Adventures of Mrs Christian Davies, commonly call’d Mother Ross … Taken from her own mouth when a Pensioner of Chelsea Hospital, 1740.

  ‘The humble petition of the Lady Eleanor (Davies)’, 21 March 1644, Thomason Tract, 669, fo. 10/2.

  Defoe, Daniel, Conjugal Lewdness; or, Matrimonial Whoredom, 1727.

  Defoe, Daniel, A Journal of the Plague Year, London, 1950.

  Denbigh, Cecilia Countess of, Royalist Father and Roundhead Son – Being the memoirs of the First and Second Earls of Denbigh 1600–1675, 1915.

  Derby, James Earl of, ‘The History and Antiquities of the Isle of Man’, in Desiderata Curiosa, Francis Peck, Vol. II, 1770.

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  (DNB) Dictionary of National Biography.

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  Donnison, Jean, Midwives and Medical Men: A History of Inter-professional Rivalries and Women’s Rights, New York, 1977.

  The Lord Marquesse of Dorchester’s Letter to the Lord Roos With the Lord Roos’s Answer thereunto. Whereunto is Added the Reasons why the Lord Marquess of Dorchester published his letter of the 25 of Feb. 1659. Dated the 13 of the same moneth. With his Answer to the Lord Roos his Letter, 1660.

  Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of, ‘Poems’, in Works of the English Poets, ed. Samuel Johnson, Vol. XI, 1779.

  Douce Ballads, Bodleian Library, Oxford.

  ‘Dougle Fooleries’ (S.G.W.), Bodleian Quarterly Record, VIII, 1932.

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  Duffy, Maureen, Inherit the Earth, 1980.

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  Duncon, John, The Returns of S
piritual Comfort and Grief in a Devout Soul. Represented (by entercourse of Letters) to the Right Honourable the Ladie Letice, Vi-Countess Falkland in her life time etc., 2nd edition, enlarged, 1649.

  ‘The Life and Letters of Sir Lewis Dyve’, ed. H.G. Tibbutt, Bedfordshire Historical Record Society, Vol. XXVII, Luton, 1946.

  Eccles, Audrey, Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Tudor and Stuart England, 1982.

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  Elstob, Elizabeth, An English-Saxon Homily on the Birth-Day of St Gregory, trans. with Notes, 1709.

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  Essays and Literature by the Members of the English Association, XIX, Oxford, 1934.

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  Evelyn, Mary, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-Room Unlock’d and her Toilette spread In Burlesque etc., 1690.

  Everitt, Alan, The Community of Kent and the Great Rebellion, 1640–1660, Leicester, 1966.

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  Fell, Margaret, Womens Speaking, Justified, Proved and Allowed of by the Scriptures, All such as speak by the Spirit and Power of the Lord Jesus, 1666.

  The Household Account Book of Sarah Fell of Swarthmoor Hall, ed. Norman Penney, FSA, Cambridge, 1920.