Keynes, John Maynard
Kid’s Coffee House (the Amsterdam)
Kilfenny Castle, Limerick
Killigrew, Thomas
King’s Players, the (theatre company)
Kirk see Church of Scotland
Kirkby, Christopher
Knatchbull, John
Knight (Oxford preacher)
Knox, John
Knyvett, Sir Thomas
La Rochelle, France
Lambe, Dr John
Lambert, General John
land: ownership under Charles II
Langport (near Bristol), battle of (1645)
Latitudinarianism (‘Latitude men’)
Laud, William, archbishop of Canterbury (earlier bishop of St David’s): administers coronation oath to Charles I; supports Arminians; supports Charles I; on Church’s authority; ‘Declaration on the Articles of Religion’; appointed chancellor of Oxford University; opposition to; preaches on sixth anniversary of Charles I’s accession; and ‘Thorough’ (regime); character and appearance; in Edinburgh; Van Dyck portrait; reforms Church rites and doctrines; puritan reaction to; on Scottish defiance; Pym criticizes; and Charles I’s calling great council of peers; impeached and imprisoned; at Strafford’s execution; executed
Lauder, Sir John
Lauderdale, John Maitland, 1st duke (earlier 2nd earl) of
learning: Bacon on
Leeds: captured by royalists
Legate, Matthew
Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd earl of
Leicester: Charles I storms
Leighton, Alexander
Lenthall, William
Leslie, Alexander (later 1st earl of Leven)
Leslie, David (later baron Newark)
L’Estrange, Roger
levellers
Licensing Act (1662)
Lilburne, John
‘Lillibulero’ (song)
‘Little Parliament’, see under Parliament
local government: under Charles I; gentry and
Locke, John
London: plague (1603); James I rides in state through (1604); Tower’s defences strengthened; described by contemporary writers; hackney carriages; City ordered to lend £200,000 to Charles I; petitions parliament for church reformation; Suckling’s party attempts to breach; Charles I’s procession in (1641); common court elections (1641); civil disorder; Charles loses loyalty; stands against royalist forces; defences erected in civil war; royalist supports in; merchants; mob intimidates parliament; New Model Army marches on; dress and fashion; houses and furniture; Pepys on life in; Great Plague (1665); Great Fire (1666); ‘bawdy house riots’ (1668); Charles II investigates City Charter and privileges; James II returns Charter; see also Whitehall
London Gazette
Londonderry
‘London’s Defiance to Rome’ (pamphlet)
‘Long Parliament’, see under Parliament
Lord of Misrule (custom)
Lords, House of: Charles I defends Buckingham in; bishops in; differences with Commons; see also Parliament
Louis XIII, king of France: as possible ally against Spain; dislikes Buckingham; and expulsion of Henrietta Maria’s attendants from England; persecutes Huguenots; promises toleration of Protestants
Louis XIV, king of France: Cromwell makes treaty with (1655); praises Cromwell; and monarchy under Charles II; ambitions and absolutism; declares war on England (1666); defensive treaty with Dutch; Charles II’s relations with; and England in Triple Alliance; subsidies to Charles II; inactivity at battle of the Texel; makes peace with United Provinces; pays out bribes; hostility to Danby; sends money to James II; amity with James II; warns James II of prospective invasion by William of Orange
Love, Christopher
Lovelace, Richard
Love’s Triumph (masque by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson)
Lowe, Roger
Lowestoft, battle of (1665)
Lowther, Sir John
Ludlow, Edmund
Lunsford, Thomas
Lutter, battle of (1626)
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, baron; History of England
Mackintosh, James: Eminent British Statesmen
Magalotti, Lorenzo
Magdalen College, Oxford
Maidstone, John
Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of (earlier viscount Mandeville)
Manchester: first death in civil war
Mandeville, viscount see Manchester, 2nd earl of
Mansfeld, Ernest, count of
Mantegna, Andrea: The Triumph of Caesar (painting)
Maria Anna, infanta of Spain
Marie de’ Medici, queen of France
Marlborough, Wiltshire: falls to Charles
Marlowe, Christopher
Marston Moor, battle of (1644)
Marvell, Andrew; ‘The First Anniversary of the Government under O.C.’; ‘An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’; ‘A Poem upon the Death of O.C.’
Mary, princess: marriage to William of Orange; designated as regent; Protestantism
Mary of Modena, wife of James II: marriage; pregnancy and birth of son; William of Orange opposes; escapes to Calais
Mary Queen of Scots
Mason, Captain
masques
Mather, Richard
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria
May, Humphrey
Mayflower (ship)
Maynard, Joseph
maypoles: reintroduced (1660)
Mazarin, Cardinal Jules
Mead, Joseph
Meade, Revd Joseph
melancholy
Meres, Sir Thomas
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st earl of
Middleton, Thomas: A Game at Chess (play)
Militia Act (1663)
millenary petition (1603)
Milton, John; Areopagitica; The Reason of Church Government
Monck, George (later 1st duke of Albemarle): in Scotland; and dispute between army and parliament; marches into England and intervenes in parliament; and Charles II’s restoration; meets Charles II on return to England
Monmouth, James Scott, duke of: birth; claim to throne; illegitimacy; victory at Bothwell Bridge; returns to England from exile; tour of West Country; offers to act as surety to Shaftesbury; implicated in Rye House Plot; rebellion (1685); beheaded
monopolies
Monson, Henry
Monson, William
Montagu, Ralph
Montagu, Richard
Monteagle, William Parker, 4th baron
Montrose, James Graham, 5th earl (later 1st marquess) of
More, John
Morland, Sir Samuel
Muggletonians (sect)
Murray, Will
music: in James I’s reign; Pepys on
Mytens, Daniel
Nantes, Edict of: revoked (1685)
Naseby, battle of (1645)
navy see fleet (English)
Naylor, James
Nedham, Marchamont
Netherlands see Dutch Republic
Nethersole, Sir Francis
Neville, Christopher
‘new disease’ (fever)
New Model Army: Cromwell forms; Fairfax commands; character; disbandment planned; petition of complaint to Fairfax; escorts Charles I from Holmby House; recruited for service in Ireland; arrears of pay granted by parliament; dealings with Charles I; proposals to Parliament; marches on London; demands representative parliament; divided over fate of Charles I; victory in second civil war; demands death of Charles I; status after king’s death; disillusion with parliament; petition of complaint to parliament; requests commanding officer; conflict with parliament (1659); dispersed under Charles II; see also army (English)
Newburn, battle of (1640)
Newbury: first battle of (1643); second battle of (1644)
Newcastle, William Cavendish, 1st earl (later duke) of
Newcastle: surrenders to Scots (1640)
<
br /> news: demand for under Charles II
newsletters
Newton, Sir Isaac; De motu corporum in gyrum
Newton, Sir John
Nicholas, Edward
nonconformists see dissenters
North, Roger
Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st earl of
Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of
Norwich, George Goring, 1st earl of
Nottingham: Charles I raises standard in; Hutchinsons at
Oates, Titus
offices of state: holders
Oglander, Sir John
Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman, count-duke of
opera: introduced into England
optics
Ormonde, James Butler, 1st duke of
Otway, Thomas
Overbury, Sir Thomas
Oxford: parliament convened in (1626); Charles I and Henrietta Maria visit (1636); Charles I makes headquarters in; peace negotiations (February 1643); Charles I summons parliament of supporters (1644); Charles I escapes from to Worcester; Fairfax besieges; Charles II orders assembly in (1681)
Oxford University: Laud reforms; James II interferes in
Packe, Sir Christopher
Palatinate
Palmer, Sir Geoffrey
pamphleteering
Paris Garden (Southwark)
Parliament: James I opens (1604); relations with James I; and Gunpowder Plot; business under James I; reconvened and dissolved (‘Addle Parliament’, 1614); meets (1621); assembles (February 1624); powers; ‘Long’ (1640–60); Charles I first calls; debates Charles I’s finances; reconvened in Oxford (1626); criticizes Buckingham; Charles I addresses; Charles I dissolves (1626); conflict with Charles I over sovereignty; opposes unlawful imprisonment; prorogued (1628); proceedings reported; opened (1629); adjourns for eleven years (1629); nine members arrested and imprisoned; summoned and meets (‘stillborn parliament’, 1639–40); called (‘Short Parliament’, 1640); work on renovation; and Triennial Act; challenges Charles I; votes money to Scots; bill allowing staying in session until dissolution voted; rule; reassembles (October 1641); and ‘Grand Remonstrance’; popular petitions to; prepares for war against Charles I; nineteen propositions to Charles I; sets up committee of safety for military preparations; army strength in civil war; wartime strategy; assumes supreme power (1643); committee of two kingdoms (with Scots); self-denying ordinance; sends propositions to Charles I; receives Large Petition from army supporters; and army discontent; grants arrears of pay to army; accepts army’s proposals; expels eleven Presbyterian members; treats with imprisoned Charles I; ‘Rump’; decides on trial of Charles I; constitution after Charles I’s death; dissolution (1653); army’s petition of complaint to; Cromwell reforms; ‘Little’ (‘Barebone’s’); Cromwell calls and dissolves (1654–5); business under Cromwell; second protectorate; conflict with army (1659); Rump expelled; Monck orders Rump to dissolve; and Charles II’s 1660 declaration from Breda; elected 1660 (‘Convention’); meets (1661; ‘Cavalier’); anger at Charles II’s declaration of indulgence; and Charles II’s expenses; reluctance to finance second Dutch War; Charles II prorogues (1674 & 1675); opposition to royal cause; reassembles (February 1677); differences with Charles II; grants £1 million to Charles II for war against France; Charles II dissolves ‘Cavalier’ (January 1679); Charles II prorogues (1679); beginnings of party politics; dissolved (1679); and exclusion crisis; relations with James II; see also Commons, House of; elections (parliamentary); Lords, House of
Parliament Scout
Partridge, John: Calendarium Judaicum
party politics: beginnings
Peacemaker, The
Peacham, Henry: The Complete Gentleman
Pelham, Sir William
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 4th earl of
Pembroke, William Herbert, 3rd earl of
Penn, Admiral William
Pennington, Vice-Admiral Sir John
Pepys, Elizabeth
Pepys, Roger
Pepys, Samuel: on posthumous praise for Cromwell; describes Monck; on popular oath; on reintroduction of maypole; on folly of marrying pregnant women; on rainstorm after Charles II’s coronation; deplores power of bishops; on Charles II’s mistresses; on Sedley’s outrageous behaviour; diary descriptions; on Great Plague; and national shortage of money; on fall of Clarendon; on popular mistrust of Charles II; on École des Filles; develops navy
Percy, Thomas
‘Petitioners, the’
Petre, Edward, SJ
Phelips, Sir Robert
Philip III, king of Spain
Philip IV, king of Spain
Pickering, Sir Gilbert
plague: (1603); (1626); London (1685)
Player, Sir Thomas
poll tax: introduced
poor, the: increase in numbers; welfare under Charles I
Popish Plot (1678)
portents and prognostications
Porter, Endymion
Portland, Richard Weston, 1st earl of
Portsmouth, Louise de Kérouaille, duchess of
Portugal: and marriage of Catherine of Braganza to Charles II
Pory, John
preaching: style; as distributor of news
predestination: as doctrine
Presbyterians: James I’s hostility to; Charles I’s concessions to; at Westminster Assembly; differences with Independents; earl of Manchester embraces; suppress printing; Charles I negotiates with; on Church rule; plan disbandment of New Model Army; eleven members charged; hostility to army; excluded from parliament by Pride; Charles II promises support to; in Cavalier Parliament; adapt to Charles II’s regime; prepare for separate church; see also Church of Scotland
press: controlled; see also books; printing
Preston, battle of (1648)
Pride, Colonel Thomas: ‘purge’; raids bear-garden
print shops and booksellers
printing: suppressed (1643)
Privy Council: legislative powers; reformed
professions
prostitution: in London
Protestant Union
Protestantism: James I embraces; and Bohemian crisis; divisions; persecuted in Europe; under threat in France; in Thirty Years War; Louis XIII grants freedom of worship; and Popish Plot; see also Huguenots
Providence Island Company
Prynne, William: puritanism; charged, sentenced and ears cut off; satirizes Eucharistic rites; prosecuted and punished with Bastwick; released and returns to London; Histriomastix
purge: as word
puritans: present millenary petition to James I; religious beliefs and practices; ordered to conform to Book of Common Prayer; under Charles I; anti-Laudian reaction; women and; clergy removed from livings (1662)
Putney: Fairfax sets up HQ at; debates (1647)
Pye, Sir Robert
Pym, John: speaks against Catholic threat; on parliamentary authority in religion; supports Scots against Charles; supports Providence Island Company; petitions Charles to make peace with Scots; leads ‘Protestant Cause’; speaks in parliament; Strafford threatens; accusations against Strafford; passes ‘root and branch’ petition; reforms; as chancellor of exchequer; speeches published; ten propositions; alarmed at Charles’ proposed visit to Scotland; as ‘King Pym’ and mastery in parliament; pledges to suppress Irish rebellion; and ‘Grand Remonstrance’; blames Charles for Irish rebellion; prepares for war at home; supports mob against bishops; character and appearance; impeachment charges against; locks doors of Commons chamber; fear of traitor’s death; raises money in civil war; rejects Essex’s proposed truce offer to Charles I; death
Quakers
Radcliffe, Sir George
Rainsborough, Thomas
Raleigh, Lady
Raleigh, Sir Walter: suspected of conspiracy; forfeits Sherborne; Prince Henry admires; sails for Guiana; executed
Ranke, Leopold von
Ranters (religious)
religion: divisions and controversies; Westminst
er Assembly proposes reform; enthusiasts and radicals; under Cromwell and commonwealth; under Charles II; Charles II’s declaration of indulgence on; proliferation of sects under Charles II; see also Catholics; Protestantism
Reresby, Sir John
Reynolds, John
Rhé (island, France)
Rich, Frances (née Cromwell; Oliver’s daughter)
Rich, Sir Nathaniel
Rich, Robert
Richelieu, Cardinal Armand Jean Duplessis, duc de
Ripon
Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd earl of
Roe, Sir Thomas
Rogers, Thorold
‘root and branch’ party
Rossingham, Edward
roundheads: as term; army strength; desecrate churches; weapons and equipment
Roundway Down, battle of (1643)
Rous, Francis
Rous, John
Royal Africa Company
Royal Charles (ship)
royal forests: limited
Royal Society: Bacon’s influence on; formed; Newton and; and economic improvements
royalists: pamphlets; forces muster (1642); supporters; wartime strategy; final defeats; protest at Charles I’s execution; conspiracies in London; in Cavalier Parliament (1661); see also cavaliers
Rubens, Peter Paul
‘Rump Parliament’, see under Parliament
Rupert, Prince, Count Palatine of the Rhine: commands cavalry in civil war; plunder in war; in Oxford; moves to Bristol; defeated at Marston Moor; at Naseby; surrenders Bristol; Charles I dismisses; cavalry raids from Oxford; commands fleet under Charles II
Rushworth, John
Russell, William, Lord
Rye House Plot (1683)
Sagredo, Giovanni
St John, Elizabeth
St John, Oliver
St Kitts: French occupy
St Martin (citadel, France)
St Paul’s Cathedral (old): as meeting centre; crowd destroys altar
St Winifred: shrine
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st earl of (earlier viscount Cranborne): and accession of James I; office under James I; informed of Gunpowder Plot; and taxation measures; and ‘great contract’; on national financial difficulties; death
Sancroft, William, archbishop of Canterbury
Sandwich, Edward Mountague, 1st earl of
Sandys, Sir Edwin
Saye, William Fiennes, 1st viscount
science: and Royal Society
Scotland: James I visits (1617); Charles I’s relations with; opposes Charles I’s religious orders; national covenant; prepares for war against Charles I (1639); preparations for second war and advance into England (1640); negotiates with Charles I; English parliament votes £300,000 to; Charles I visits (1641); solemn league and covenant with England; volunteers support parliamentary cause in England; readiness to negotiate with Charles I; Charles I surrenders to; returns Charles I to parliament for cash; and Charles I in Isle of Wight; ‘Engagement’ with Charles; in second civil war; proclaims Charles II king; invites Charles II to visit; Cromwell’s campaign in (1650); Monck in; ordinance incorporating into commonwealth; see also Edinburgh
Rebellion: The History of England from James I to the Glorious Revolution Page 57