by Ali, Tariq
Daughter of the East (Benazir Bhutto), 170, 172
Daultana, Mian Mumtaz, 47
“Dawn of Freedom, The” (Faiz), 36–37
Dayan, Moshe, 44, 106
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 13, 113, 143, 207
Devaud, Daniel, 178
Dhaka University, 66, 81
Dodd, Chris, 219
Dostum, Rashid, 229
Dulles, John Foster, 198
Dupree, Louis, 116
Durand Line, 26, 27, 117, 118, 121, 122, 221, 247
East Pakistan, xi, 32, 51, 55–56, 59, 62, 64, 72, 76, 77, 78–81, 94, 97, 105
economic exploitation of, 74–75
West Pakistan’s invasion of, 78, 81–93, 97–98, 148, 205
see also Bangladesh
Economist, 81, 245
Economist Intelligence Unit, 257
Education, Pakistan Ministry of, 4–5, 58, 258–59
Egypt, 23, 57, 80, 106, 121, 122, 129, 175, 263, 264, 265, 267
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 267
elections, Pakistani, xiv
of 1959, 57
of 1964, 81
of 1970, 68, 77, 93, 97, 105
of 1977, 109, 114
of 1988, 134, 173–74
of 1990, 135
of 1993, 135
of 1999, 140
of 2002, 268
of 2008, 27–28, 158, 159–61, 168, 181–82, 184, 254–55, 269–71
Environment Ministry, Pakistani, 16
European Union, 22, 25
Faisal, King of Iraq, 199
Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, 265
Faisal, Turki bin, Prince of Saudi Arabia, 129
Faiz, Faiz Ahmed, 36–37, 52, 95, 199n, 263
“Fall of the Taliban” (seminar), 148
Farenheit 9/11 (film), 227
Farooqi, Amjad, 154
Fasihudin, Fauzia, 171, 172, 176
Fasihudin, Rehana, 171, 172
Fazlullah, 288
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 151, 186
Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), 11, 159, 170
Federal Security Force, 101, 115
Feinstein, Dianne, 303
Finance Ministry, Pakistani, 156, 258
Fischer, Joschka, 229
Fisk, Robert, 129
Ford, Gerald, 111–12
France, 13, 49, 57, 79, 80, 179, 216, 217, 264
Franks, Tommy, 268
Friends Not Masters (Ayub Khan), 62
Fukuyama, Francis, 120–22
Gadhafi, Mu’ammar al-, 117, 180
Galbraith, Peter, 170
Gall, Carlotta, 155
Gandhi, Indira, 86, 87, 90, 108, 132, 205–6, 207, 288
Gandhi, Mohandas, 20, 21, 22, 33, 34, 35
Gandhi, Rajiv, 132, 209
Gates, Robert, 180, 239n
Geo, 9, 165, 261
Germany, 49, 217, 241, 244–45
Ghalib, 263
Ghani, Owais, 275
Ghazi, Abdul Rashid, 12, 13, 14–16
Gillani, Yousaf Raza, 271, 274, 285
Godfrey, J. H., 33
Goldwater, Barry, 191–92
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 130
Gordon, Charles, 45, 250
Goss, Porter, 145
Gracey, Douglas, 52, 73
Graham, Bob, 145
Great Britain, 10, 11, 13, 19–22, 31, 49, 51, 53, 57, 60, 72, 80, 85, 115, 160, 178, 197, 199, 216, 236, 239, 241, 264
see also British Empire
Griffin, Keith B., 61
Gromov, Boris V., 131
Guantánamo Bay, 153
Guardian, 114
Guerrilla Warfare (Guevara), 88
Guevara, Che, 84, 88, 229
Gul, Hamid, 183
Gulf War, 265
Hadley, Stephen, 275
Hameed, General, 91–92
Hanif, Mohammed, 165–66
Haq, Abdul, 129
Haq, Anwarul, 115
Haq, Fazle, 123
Haqqani, Husain, 161n, 273, 302
Harkatul Ansar, 149
Hassan, Gul, 84, 92, 137
Hassan, Mubashir, 94
Hassan, Sibte, 40, 52
Hazelhurst, Peter, 89
Heer and Ranjha (Waris Shah), 39
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 222, 231
Henry III, King of France, 187
Hindu Kush, 121, 243
Hindus, 18, 21, 29, 30, 31, 33, 38, 43, 44, 45, 52, 72, 76, 83, 118, 148, 171, 211
“Hudood Ordinance,” 290
Hu Jintao, 15
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 10
Huq, Mazharul, 115
Hussain, Altaf, 9, 10
Hussain, Maulvi Mushtaq, 128, 171
Hussain, Nasser, 152
Hussein, King of Jordan, 106
Hussein, Saddam, 160, 263
If I Am Assassinated (Zulfiqar Bhutto), 110, 169
Iftikhar Khan, Mohammed, 53
Ijaz-ul-Haq, 14
Ilyas, Maulana, 6
India, xi, 6, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 26, 44, 46, 49, 54, 56, 59, 70–72, 86, 91, 100, 117, 126, 132, 140, 141, 144, 147, 156, 179, 181, 197–98, 200–201, 202, 204, 221, 247, 258, 262, 288, 300
civil service in, 71
economy of, 236
1857 mutiny in, 34n, 52–53
nuclear weapons of, 108, 109, 209, 211, 213–16
Pakistan’s wars with, 62–63, 73, 141–43, 149, 197, 201, 203, 205–6
partition of, 3, 9, 29–31, 34–35, 37, 38, 43, 149
strikes in, 33–34
in World War II, 32–33, 51–52, 71, 73
India International Centre, 207
Indian Congress Party, 44
Indian National Army, 51–52
Indonesia, 71, 82, 226, 267
Information, Pakistan Ministry of, 4–5, 62
International Court of Justice, 273
International Law Commission, 83n
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 256
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 13–14, 16, 17, 27, 107, 119, 124, 129, 131, 136–37, 142, 145, 146, 147, 149–50, 152, 153, 155, 157, 163, 168, 172, 176, 183, 211, 214, 225, 231, 243, 245, 251
In the Line of Fire (Musharraf), 142, 145, 156
Inzamam-ul-Haq, 6
Iqbal, Allama, 3
Iqbal, Muhammad, 39–40, 47, 263
Iran, 26, 47, 101, 103, 111–12, 118, 150, 157, 181, 183, 199, 220, 230, 245, 246–47, 263, 264, 300
Iraq, 101, 160, 191, 199, 225, 236, 237, 264, 265, 298
Iraq-Iran War, 12
Iraq War, 151, 243, 244–45, 253, 270
Ishaq, President, 135
Islam, xiii, 12–13, 27, 33, 35–36, 40, 43, 44–45, 53, 74, 107, 123–24, 215
Ahmediyya sect of, 45–49
in India’s partition, 29–31
Pakistan established for, 29–30, 55
women in, 23–24
Islamabad, 4, 9, 12, 14–16, 26, 259
2005 earthquake in, xi
Islamic Summit, 108
Islam Party, see Jamaat-e-Islami
Israel, 34n, 57, 80, 106, 122, 129, 132–33, 147, 160, 172, 183–84, 211, 212, 243
Italy, 217, 241
Itaoui, Ghinwa, 172
Jaish-e-Mohammed, 149, 214
Jalib, Habib, 68, 204
Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), 4–5, 22–24, 36, 44, 57, 67, 83, 107, 124, 161n, 229, 267, 269
Jamiat-Ulema-e-Islam (JUI), 22–23, 36, 99
Jamshed, Junaid, 6 Japan, 33, 52, 70–71, 212
Jinnah, Fatima, 41–42, 60
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 3, 30, 32, 33–34, 35, 36, 40, 41–44, 49, 50, 54, 72, 81, 162, 196, 198, 199n, 203
Johnson, Niel M., 112
Jordan, 106, 113, 264
Joseph, Robert, 210–11
Kabul, 26, 118, 119, 136, 147, 171, 181, 228, 233–34, 237, 262
Kabul University, 230
Kakar, Wahid, 138–39
Kansi, Aimal, 186
Karachi, Pakistan, 7–8, 9–11, 12, 27,
30, 122, 167, 286
Karachi stock exchange, 86
Karamat, Jehangir, 139, 249, 250–51, 252
Kartography (Shamsie), 122
Karzai, Ahmad Wali, 240, 296
Karzai, Hamid, 26, 157, 161, 218, 224, 229, 230, 232, 233, 235, 239, 240, 241, 246–47, 281, 284, 296
Kashmir, 6, 12, 62, 63, 93, 116, 142, 195, 197, 198, 202, 203, 205, 207, 214, 215–16, 252, 262, 268
Kasuri, Ahmed Raza, 94, 114–15
Kasuri, Khurshid Mahmood, 169, 241
Kasuri, Mahmud Ali, 63, 101, 169
Kayani, Ashfaq, 27–28, 155, 157, 189, 279, 302
Kayani, Justice, 48
Keeler, Christine, 60
Kelsen, Hans, 104
KGB, 120, 130
Khalilzad, Zalmay, 226, 280–81
Khan, Akbar, 52, 101
Khan, Ali Kuli, 140, 156
Khan, Ali Mardan, 238
Khan, A. Q., 109, 183
Khan, Chakar, 103n
Khan, Ghaffar, 20–21, 22, 24, 28, 269, 275
Khan, Ghulam Ishaq, 135, 173
Khan, Imran, 164
Khan, Ismail, 230, 231
Khan, Khan Qurban Ali, 54
Khan, Liaquat Ali, 30, 54, 55, 181
Khan, Meraj Mohammad, 93
Khan, Munir Ahmed, 109
Khan, Sahibzada Yaqub, 135
Khan, Tikka, 73, 105
Khan, Wali, 275
Khan, Zafarullah, 45, 198
Khattak, Afrasiab, 25, 275
Kholi, General, 170
Khrushchev, Nikita, 200
Khyber Pass, 17, 198
Kipling, Rudyard, 19–20, 22, 198
Kissinger, Henry, 67, 110–11, 112
Koran, 18, 24, 25, 123, 130, 161, 227, 264, 270, 271, 291
Korean War, 62, 198
Kosovo, 150, 247, 262
Kosygin, Aleksey, 63
Kurtz, Stanley, 193
Kux, Dennis, 250–51
Lahore Resolution, 31
Lal Masjid, 12, 13, 15–16, 17
Lal salaams, 66
Lashkar-e-Taiba, 214
Lebanon, 172, 243, 265
Lee Kuan Yew, 94
Leghari, Benazir, 137
Leghari, Farooq, 137–38, 140, 176, 177
“Letters to Uncle Sam” (Manto), 56–57
Lewis, Bernard, 265
Libya, 117, 171
Lodhi, Maleeha, 145–46
Los Angeles Times, 177
Ludhianvi, Sahir, 34
McConnell, Michael, 224, 297
McGirk, Tim, 232
MacMunn, George, 51, 53
Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works Open JSC, 8
Maher, Bill, 232
Mahfouz, Naguib, 263
Mahmood, Masood, 115
Mahmood, Sultan Bashiruddin, 109
Mahmud, Mufti, 23
Maiwandi, Ajmal, 238–39
Majlis-i-Ahrar, 44
Makhdoom Amin Fahim, 270, 271
Malik, Iftikhar, 160
Malik, Rehman, 159–60, 273
Manekshaw, General, 206
Manto, Abid Hasan, 9
Manto, Saadat Hassan, 37–38, 56–57
Mao Zedong, 62n, 67
Marri tribe, 102
Marshall, George C., 196
Marshall Plan, 235
Martial Races of India, The (MacMunn), 51
Martin, Kingsley, 60
Mary, Queen of Scots, 187
Masood, Baitullah, 162, 275, 288
Massoud, Ahmed Shah, 229–30
Mathew, John, 115
Matin, Abdul, 84, 88
Maududi, Abul Ala, 23, 67
Maududi, Maulana, 44, 45, 47
Mazari, Shireen, 212–13
Meir, Golda, 44
Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), 5
Mengal, Ataullah, 102
Messervy, Frank, 52
Miliband, David, 188
Minto, Lord, 31
Miraj-nameh, 230
Mirza, Iskander, 43, 55, 56, 57, 58
MI6, 153
Mitha, A. O., 91, 92
Moguls, 17–19, 108, 125–26, 204, 238
Mohammad, Ghulam, 43, 55, 195
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, 101, 103, 118–19
Mohammed, Maulana Faqir, 16
Montgomery, Bernard, 73
Mossad, 132
Mountbatten, Edwina, 3
Mountbatten, Lord, 3
Mozambique, 79
Mubarak, Hosni, 161
Mubarakmand, Samar, 109
Muhammad, Prophet, 45
mujahideens, 123, 129, 130, 135, 153, 205
Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army), 83–84
Munif, Abdelrahman, 263
Munir, Justice, 48
Musa, General, 63
Musharraf, Pervez, 2, 4, 8, 14, 16, 26, 27, 140, 141, 145, 150–51, 153, 163, 165–66, 167, 177, 178, 187, 188, 189, 191, 211–12, 214, 215, 219, 223, 240, 249, 250, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 267–68, 272, 273, 274, 279–83
attempts on life of, 14, 148, 149, 153–54
lawyers and judicial activists as threat to, 7–12, 16, 162, 164–67, 188, 254, 260, 269
rise to power by, 129, 143–44, 149
September 11 response of, 146–47
in 2008 election, 27–28, 158, 159–60, 168, 254, 255, 269
Mushtaq, Maulvi, 115
Muslim Brotherhood, 23, 263, 267
Muslim League, 21, 23, 24, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 39, 43, 44, 45, 47, 54, 55, 70, 72, 125, 127, 128, 140, 144, 260, 271, 273
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA), 16, 22–25
Muttahida Qaumi Movement/United National Movement (MQM), 9–11
Nagi, John, 225
Najibullah, Mohammad, 136
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 57, 265
National Assembly, Pakistan, 77, 101, 105, 140, 269
National Awami Party (NAP), see Awami National Party
National Movement for the Restoration of Pakistani Sovereignty, 153
National Reconciliation Ordinance, 160, 273
National Security Council, 58–59, 147
NATO, 3, 23, 25–27, 130, 157, 202, 216, 217, 223, 229, 230, 231, 241–42, 243, 244, 245–46, 248, 263, 264, 275, 276, 297
Nawaz, Asif, 138
Nazimudin, Khwaja, 55
NBC, 219
Negroponte, John, 159, 168, 188, 248, 272, 275, 280
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 3, 21, 33, 37n, 44, 100, 196–97, 200–201, 203
Neumann, Ronald E., 235
New York Times, 19, 23, 57–58, 90, 132, 150, 155, 179, 183, 235, 243–44, 263, 272, 275
Niazi, “Tiger,” 73, 84, 90
9/11 Commission Report, The, 16, 191, 192, 225
Nixon, Richard, 67, 204
Non-Aligned Conference, 147
Noon, Feroze Khan, 196–97
Northern Alliance, 26, 157, 222, 223, 226, 227
North-West Frontier Province, 3, 17, 22–27, 32, 73, 80, 93, 97, 98, 101, 117, 121, 122, 123, 158, 213, 253, 256, 257, 287, 288
Obama, Barack, 218–19, 245, 252, 265, 296, 298, 299, 301
Office of Intelligence and Research Analysis, 59
Olson, Eric T., 274–75
Omar, Mullah, 26, 136, 145, 147–48, 225
Operation Enduring Freedom, see Afghanistan, U.S. invasion and occupation of
Operation Grand Slam, 62
Operation Searchlight, 83
Ottoman Empire, 221
Pajhwok Afghan News, 234
Pakistan, xi–xiv
agriculture in, 99–100
antivice campaigns on, 24
army of, xii, 2, 12, 13, 32, 52, 53, 57, 66, 70, 72–73, 75–76, 77, 78, 84–85, 88, 91, 102, 105, 108, 114, 116, 122, 129, 134, 138, 140, 141, 142–43, 163, 180–81, 197, 206, 215, 253, 267, 282, 285
assassinations in, 1, 12, 149, 151; see also Bhutto, Benazir, assassination of; Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad, death of
birth of, 31–32, 35, 41, 279
black market in, 1, 122–23
bombings in, 16, 149, 150,
218
climate of, 2
Communists in, 23, 36, 37n, 52, 67, 75, 101
constitutions of, 11, 32, 56, 135, 139
corruption in, 5–6, 7–12, 43, 101, 137–39, 159, 160, 161, 164, 173, 174, 176, 178, 187
cyclone disaster in, 77, 91
democratic politics in, xiv, 4–5, 50, 59–60, 64, 181, 188, 190
economic inequality in, 1–2, 5, 27, 41, 53–54, 60–61, 107, 108, 185, 276
economy of, 60–62, 67, 72, 74–76, 85–86, 100, 255–59
education in, 1, 12, 27, 41, 48, 100, 104, 108, 144, 185, 213, 256, 258, 259, 294
Egyptian invasion supported by, 57, 80
elite vs. people in, xi, xiii–xiv, 1–2, 5–6, 8
food and power crisis in, 284
health care in, 27, 108, 185, 256, 258, 293
heroin trade in, xiii, 17, 25, 122, 123, 127, 156, 256
histories of, 204
housing in, 258, 259–60
India’s wars with, 62–63, 73, 141–43, 149, 197, 201, 203, 205–6
infant mortality in, 100
land reform in, 144, 185, 257, 258
literacy in, xiii, 62n, 100, 140, 256, 258
malnutrition in, 1
martial law declared in, 114, 161, 166
mass rapes in, 29–30
media in, 5, 9, 10, 13, 16, 23–24, 144, 156, 163, 174, 177, 180, 198–99, 261
military rule of, xi, xii, xiii, 2, 5, 8, 27, 98, 114–17, 128, 134, 160–61, 184, 185, 188, 190; see also Musharraf, Pervez; Pakistan, army of; Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad
monsoon season in, 2
nationalizations in, 99, 107, 125
1977 coup in, 114–16, 118, 128
nuclear capacity of, 3, 4, 49, 108–13, 117, 119, 132, 147, 180, 183, 206, 209–12, 213–15, 219, 262, 270
parliament of, 2
poets of, 36–40, 50, 263, 277–78
pornography in, 24
privatization in, 7–8, 258, 260
protests in, 8, 64–65, 170, 286
Qissa Khwani, 20–21
rape in, 290
religious groups in, xii, xiii, 1, 3, 4–5, 6–7, 12–17, 27, 123–24, 242, 254
sex industry in, 14–15, 24
sixtieth anniversary of, 2
strikes in, 10, 72, 77–78
Taliban movement in, 242, 254
tax regime in, 100
technology in, 1
twentieth anniversary of, 4
2005 earthquake in, xiii
unemployment in, 86
U.S. arms embargo on, 112, 113, 202, 262
U.S. influence in, xi–xii, 12, 13, 27–28, 32, 50, 53, 56, 58–59, 60–61, 67, 84, 85, 109–11, 113–14, 116, 119, 120–21, 129, 143, 145–47, 149, 150, 159, 161, 179, 184, 187, 192, 195–97, 198–99, 201–2, 226, 251–52, 254, 255, 268–69, 270, 272–73, 280–81, 294, 295–96, 302, 303
violence against women in, 288–93
wheat smuggling from, 276
see also Durand Line; India, partition of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, 108
Pakistan Constituent Assembly, 43