Crisis and Command: A History of Executive Power from George Washington to George W. Bush

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Crisis and Command: A History of Executive Power from George Washington to George W. Bush Page 56

by John Yoo


  "The Machiavellian Moment" (Pocock), 3

  Maclay, William, 81

  Macon's Bill Number 2, 139

  Madison, Dolley, 142

  Madison, James, 14-15, 19-22, 24, 26-30, 33-34, 38, 50, 57-61, 64-65, 73, 76, 83, 88-91, 100-101, 103-104, 106, 111, 114, 120, 127, 137-143, 147-148, 161-162, 198, 206, 350, 361, 435, 437

  Maine, 271

  Malone, Dumas, 128

  Malta, 112

  "Manifest Destiny," 198

  Mansfield, Harvey C., Jr., 3-4, 51

  Mapp v. Ohio, 387

  Marbury v. Madison, 45, 66, 104-105, 109

  Marshall, George, 382

  Marshall, John, 10, 109-110, 126-127, 155-157, 162, 179, 291

  Marshall Plan, 335, 340

  Maryland, 209-210, 224

  Massachusetts, 11, 14-16, 22, 33-34, 61

  Mason, George, 26, 36

  Matsu, 345

  Mayer, David, 101

  McCain, John, 436

  McClellan, George, 195, 202, 215-216, 242

  McCardle, William, 235

  McCardle petition, 235

  McCarthy, Joe, 382

  McCulloch v. Maryland, 65, 162

  McDonald, Forrest, 3, 57, 63

  McDougall, Walter, 332

  McDowell, Irvin, 215

  McFarlane, Robert, 357-358

  McGovern, George, 434

  McKinley, William, ix McKitrick, Eric, 82

  McLane, Louis, 171

  McReynolds, James, 266

  Meade, George, 195

  Meltzer, Allan, 261 "Memorandum on Probable Failure of Re-election," 242

  Merryman, John, 209-210, 228, 230

  Mexican-American War, 192-197, 405, 412

  Mexico, 150, 192-198, 412

  Mexico City, Mexico, 195-196

  Military Commission Act, 414, 416

  Militia Act, 69-70, 187, 208, 218

  Milkis, Sidney, ix

  Milligan, Lambdin, 233-234

  Miranda warning, 387

  Mississippi, 150

  Missouri, 147, 217, 224

  Missouri Compromise, 147, 214-215

  Mitchell, John, 383

  Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 440-441

  Monetary History of the United States (Friedman and Schwartz), 260

  Monroe, James, 115, 117-119, 127, 137-138, 147, 150-152, 158, 162

  Montesquieu, Baron de La Brede et de, xv, 3, 5-6, 17, 20, 24, 31, 36, 89

  Morehead v. Tipaldo, 270, 273

  Morgenthau, Henry, 322-323

  Morocco, 111

  Morris, Gouverneur, 14, 22, 24, 29-31, 95, 434

  Morris, Robert, 63

  Morrison v. Olson, 379-380

  Mossadegh, Mohammed, 345

  Moultrie, William, 74-75

  Moussaoui, Zacarias, 441

  Murphy, Frank, 314, 319

  Mutual Defense Treaty, 419

  Myers v. United States, 279-280

  N

  NAFTA, 180

  Nagasaki, Japan, 337

  Nanjing, China, 297

  Napoleon, 120, 130, 141-142

  Napoleonic Wars, x, xix, 117, 360

  Nasser, Gamal, 347-348

  National Economic Council, 367

  National Emergencies Act, 373

  National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA), 263-264, 266-268

  National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), 266, 269, 272, 273

  National Labor Relations Board, 281

  National Recovery Administration, 262, 266-269, 277

  National Republicans, 164, 169

  National Security Act, 344, 367, 441-444

  National Security Council, 343, 367

  National Security Decision Directive 75, 355

  Nazis, 296, 304

  Nazi Saboteurs case, 311-315

  Neeley, Mark, 233

  Neustadt, Richard, xii, 364, 399-400

  Neutrality Acts, 295, 296-297, 300, 306, 310, 328

  Neutrality Proclamation, 71, 88-90, 100, 118, 417, 419

  Nevada, 196

  "Newburgh Conspiracy," 34

  New Deal, 59, 258-288, 325, 327, 329, 363-365, 387, 404-405, 418, 431

  New Hampshire, 14-15

  The New Imperial Presidency (Rudalevige), viii, 399

  New Jersey Plan, 21-22 "New Look" strategy, 333, 344-345, 355

  New Mexico, 193-194, 196

  New Orleans, Louisiana, 11, 115, 117, 119, 142, 145, 147

  New York City, New York, vii, 13, 56, 115

  New York Herald, 235

  New York State, 13-16, 21-22, 25, 33-34, 61

  New York Times, 234, 302

  New York Tribune, 241

  New Zealand, 345

  Nicaragua, 355, 357

  Nicholas, George, 50

  Nicholas, William Cary, 121

  Nixon, Richard, x, xi, xx, 46, 330-331, 333, 352-354, 363, 366, 371, 373-374, 383-385, 390-392, 398, 400, 407, 409-410, 417-418, 423, 430-431, 437-438

  Nixon v. United States, 389

  NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 273

  Nonintercourse Act, 138

  Norfolk, Virginia, 115

  North, Oliver, 357-358

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 332, 335, 339-340, 345, 360

  North Carolina, 150

  North Korea, 343, 430, 433

  Northwest Territory, 77-79, 92, 118

  NSC-68, 335-336, 338, 344, 349, 354

  NSC 162/2, 344

  Nullification Crisis, 148

  Nuremburg trials, 311

  O

  Obama, Barak, 416, 429-444

  O'Connor, Sandra Day, 392-393

  Ohio Democrats, 230-232

  Oklahoma, 157

  Olmstead v. United States, 323

  Olson, Theodore, 379

  Operation Rolling Thunder, 351

  Oregon territory, 191

  Ottoman Empire, 111

  P

  "Pacificus." See Hamilton, Alexander Paine, Thomas, 12

  Pakistan, 345, 430

  Palin, Sarah, 436

  Paludan, Philip, 216

  Panic of 1819, 163-164

  Paraguay, 290

  Parliament (Great Britain), 5-9

  Paris peace talk, 352

  Parsons, Theophilus, 15-16

  Peace of WestphaliPearl Harbor, 289, 309-310, 412, 438

  Pennsylvania, 14-15, 34, 39, 41-42

  Pensacola, Florida, 151-152

  Perry, Oliver Hazard, 141-142

  Persian Gulf War, 359-360

  Petrograd Metal Works, 292

  Phelps, Glenn, 66

  Philadelphia Convention. See Constitutional Convention Philippines, 309

  Pickering, John, 108-109

  Pickett, George, 195

  Pierce, Franklin, 437

  Pinckney, Charles, 22, 24, 26, 28

  Plessy v. Ferguson, 368, 396

  Pocock, J.G.A., 3

  Poindexter, John, 357-358

  Poland, 334

  Polk, James, xvi, 178, 191-198, 412, 437

  Potsdam conference, 334

  Powell, Lewis, 391, 393

  The Power of the American

  Presidency (Genovese), 33

  Powers, Gary, 348

  The Powers of War (Yoo, John), viii Power without Persuasion (Howell), 399

  Prakash, Sai, 82

  president. See executive branch

  Presidential Power (Neustadt), 399

  Presidential Records Act, 374

  Privacy Act, 374

  The Prize Cases, 212

  Profiles in Courage (Kennedy, John F.), 253

  Progressive Era, 265

  Prohibition, 132

  Protect American Act, 414

  Public Utility Holding Company

  Act (PUHCA), 266

  Publius. See Hamilton, Alexander

  Q

  Quemoy, 345

  R

  Radical Republicans, 235, 238-248, 410

  Rakove, Jack, 1, 28

  Ramsey, Michael, 82

  Randall, J. G., 233 />
  Randolph, Edmund, 20-21, 41-42, 65, 68-69, 85-86

  Reagan, Ronald, xvi, 329-330, 333-334, 353-359, 364, 366-367, 370, 372, 375, 377-380, 389, 391-392, 400, 421, 429-432, 438

  Reagan Doctrine, 345, 355, 397

  Reconstruction, 203, 234-248, 332, 368, 403, 410, 437

  Reconstruction Finance

  Corporation, 261, 303

  Red Scare, 381-382

  Reed, Stanley, 275

  Rehnquist, William H., xvii, 352, 377, 379, 391-393

  Remini, Robert V., 169, 185

  Republican Party, 103, 105, 126-137, 169, 202, 204

  Resurgence of Congress (Sundquist), 399

  Revolutionary War, xv, 2, 9, 53, 123-124, 145, 178, 229, 291, 311, 401-402

  Richardson, Elliot, 371

  Roberts, Owen, 267, 273, 314, 319

  Roberts Commission, 316

  Roe v. Wade, 389-390

  "the Room," 323

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., ix, xvi, 42, 97, 99, 257-328, 329-330, 365, 373, 388-389, 401-403, 408-410, 413, 421-424, 426, 429-432, 438, 442

  Roosevelt, Theodore, ix, x, xvi, 401, 438

  Rossiter, Clinton, xiii, 31, 201

  Rudalevige, Andrew, viii, 10, 399

  Rush, Benjamin, 128

  Russia. See Soviet Union Rutledge, John, 22

  S

  San Jacinto, Battle of, 153

  Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 155, 194

  Santo Domingo, 117 "Saturday Night Massacre," 371

  Savage, Charlie, viii, 399

  Savannah, Georgia, 245

  Scalia, Antonin, 1, 379-380, 392

  Schechter Poultry v. United States, 267-268, 280

  Schelling, Thomas, 47

  Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., xiii, 32-33, 201, 336, 339, 399

  Schmitt, Gary, 101, 125

  Schwartz, Anna, 260

  Scott, Winfield, 194

  Scott (Dred) v. Sanford, 109, 203-204, 209-211, 228, 235, 268, 319, 396

  SEATO, 345

  Second Bank of the United States, 161-179

  Second New Deal, 269

  Second Treatise of Government (Locke), 4

  Security and Exchange Commission, 277

  Sedition Act, 106-107, 181, 206, 358, 417

  Seidman, Guy, 118, 122

  Seminole Indians, 150-151 1783

  Peace Treaty, 11, 15

  Seven Years' War, 9, 116

  Seward, William, 214, 225

  Shay's Rebellion, 11, 68-71

  Sherman, Roger, 21, 24, 26

  Sherman, William Tecumseh, 215, 217, 242, 245

  Shultz, George, 366 "Sick Children" case, 267, 270, 273

  Sinai Peninsula, 347

  Skowronek, Stephen, ix, 408

  Slidell, John, 192

  Smoot-Hawley Act, 261

  Social Security Act (SSA), 266, 269, 274

  Social Statics (Spencer), 266

  Sofaer, Abraham, 112

  South Carolina, 27, 180-189, 217

  South Carolina Exposition and Protest, 181

  South Korea, 345, 362

  Soviet Union, xix, 141, 292, 297, 329-363, 396-398, 402, 404, 409, 419, 443

  Spain, 11, 47, 117, 149-158

  Spanish-American War, 332

  Spencer, Herbert, 266

  Spirit of Laws (Montesquieu), 5

  Stalin, Joseph, 326, 337-338

  Stanton, Edwin, 216, 218, 252

  Star Chamber, 270

  Starr, Kenneth, 380

  "Star Spangled Banner," 142

  St. Clair, Arthur, 77-78, 80, 93

  Steel Seizure case. See Youngstown

  Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer Sterett, Andrew, 112-113

  Stimson, Henry, 298, 312, 316-317

  Stone, Harlan Fiske, 267, 314-315

  Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties, 359

  Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 354-355

  Stuart Kings, 7-8

  Suez, 334

  Suez Canal, 347

  Summers, Hatton, 272

  Sundquist, James, 399

  Sunshine Act, 374

  Sunstein, Cass, 67

  Supreme Court. See U.S. Supreme Court

  Sutherland, George, 266, 270, 280, 290-293, 300

  Switzerland, 21

  Syria, 348

  T

  Taft, Robert, 318, 336, 339

  Taft, William Howard, 279-280

  Taft-Hartley labor law, 341

  Taiwan, 74, 334, 345-346, 419

  Takeover: The Return of the Imperial Presidency (Savage), viii, 399

  Taliban, 419, 429

  Tampico, Mexico, 196 "Tamony," 37

  Taney, Roger, 160, 172, 175, 178, 209-211, 227-229

  Tariff of 1824, 179-189

  Taylor, Zachary, 192-193, 195, 352

  Tecumseh, 139

  Tehuantepec, Mexico, 196

  Tennessee, 150

  Tennessee Valley Authority, 282

  Tenure of Office Act, 252-253

  Terrorist Surveillance Program, 422

  The Terror Presidency (Goldsmith), viii, 399

  Tet Offensive, 351-352

  Texas, 150, 152-153, 190-195

  Thach, Charles, 14, 21

  Thailand, 306

  "Thermidorian" reaction, 17

  Thirty Years' War, 360

  Thomas, Clarence, 1

  Timberlake, Peggy. See Eaton, Peggy Timberlake Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 351, 412

  Trachtenberg, Marc, 306-307

  Trading with the Enemy Act, 263 "Trail of Tears," 157 treason, xi

  Treaty of Alliance, 84

  Treaty of Ghent, 150

  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 196

  Treaty of Versailles, 295, 438

  Trenchard, John, 9

  Tripoli, 111-112, 114

  Trist, Nicholas, 196

  Truman, Harry S., xii, xvi, xviii, 74, 329-330, 333-334, 339-341, 343-346, 353, 361, 368, 370, 381-382, 410, 415, 421, 442-443

  "Truman Doctrine," 335-336, 340

  Tucker, Robert, 130

  Tunis, 111, 114

  Turkey, 335, 340, 345, 350

  Tyler, John, 192

  Type I /II errors, 326

  U

  Uniform Code of Military Justice, 311

  United Arab Republic, 348

  United Nations, 326, 336, 411

  United States v. Belmont, 292

  United States v. Butler, 269

  United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation, 290-291, 300

  United States v. Nardone, 324

  United States v. Nixon, 384

  University of Virginia, 99

  U.S. Attorney General, 68, 71

  U.S. Bureau of the Budget, 284, 366

  U.S. Congress, xiii, 5-6, 11, 20-32, 35-36, 50, 60, 62-66, 69, 74-81, 88-91, 103, 109, 121-122, 146, 189, 208, 211, 216, 341-342, 369-370, 377-379

  U.S. Constitution: Admissions Clause, 121-122; Appointments Clause, 32, 394-395, 415-416; Article I, 28, 35, 208, 210, 265; Article II, 28, 35, 43, 54, 59-60, 67, 88, 90, 122, 378, 415, 425-426, 443; Article IV, 118, 121; Bill of Rights, 58, 138, 275, 387; challenges to, xi; checks and balances, xiii-xiv, 39, 49-50; Commander-in-Chief Clause, 220; Due Process Clause, 270, 273, 387; Equal Protection Clause, 318, 368, 387; executive powers (see executive branch, executive powers); federalism, 19-20, 24; Fifth Amendment, 217, 384; First Amendment, 387; Fourteenth Amendment, 250-252, 265-266, 387-388; Fourth Amendment, 133, 323, 373, 413; Fugitive Slave Clause, 207; Interstate Commerce Clause, 265; Necessary and Proper Clause, 58, 65, 162; ratification process, 32-51, 54; Reconstruction Amendments, 249, 254, 288; self-preservation, 202; separation of powers, xiii, xviii, 6, 24, 36, 44, 241, 388; Sixth Amendment, 313; Supremacy Clause, 89, 183; Suspension Clause, 210, 227-228; Take Care Clause, 35, 45, 67, 69, 210, 282; Tenth Amendment, 65; Thirteenth Amendment, 222, 246, 250; Treaty Clause, 394; Twelfth Amendment, 103

  U.S. Defense Department, 367, 370

  U.S. Department of Foreign Affairs, 59-60, 68

  U.S. Department of Treasury, 59-60, 68, 129, 164, 276
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  U.S. Department of War, 59-60, 68

  U.S. Department of the West, 215

  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 365

  U.S. House of Representatives. See U.S. Congress U.S. Justice Department, xi, 71, 371-372, 380

  U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 284, 366-367, 375

  U.S. Office of Strategic Services, 322

  U.S. Post Office, 68

  USS Chesapeake, 115, 122-124, 131

  USS Greer, 307-308

  U.S. Senate. See U.S. Congress

  USS Kearny, 308

  U.S.S.R. See Soviet Union

  USS Reuben James, 308

  U.S. State Department, 82, 367

  U.S. Supreme Court, xvii, xviii, 1, 35, 44-45, 50, 61, 65, 94, 104, 109, 148, 155-157, 162, 166, 189, 204, 212, 221, 233-235, 259, 258-288, 340-342, 368-369, 376-377, 379, 383-396, 403, 414, 418, 426. See also specific cases

  Utah, 196

  V

  Vallandigham, Clement, 230

  Van Buren, Martin, ix, 153, 157, 159-160, 165, 172, 191

  Van Devanter, Willis, 266, 272-273

  Vermont, 271

  Vice President, 29

  Vietnam War, xiii, 330, 334, 349-353, 362-363, 390, 399, 405, 430

  Virginia, 12, 33-34, 39, 41, 49, 57, 61, 100, 102

  Virginia Plan, 20-21, 24

  Virginia Resolution, 106

  Voting Rights Act, 368, 388

  W

  Wade, Benjamin, 241

  Wade-Davis bill, 240-241, 243

  Wall Street Journal, xv

  War of 1812, 73, 141-142, 145, 147-149, 163, 184, 229, 350, 361, 414, 435, 437

  War by Other Means (Yoo, John), viii

  Warren, Earl, 389-393

  War Powers Resolution (WPR), 352-353, 356, 373, 376, 409, 417, 420

  Warsaw Pact, 354, 360

  war on terrorism, x

  Washington, D.C., vii, 64, 142

  Washington, George, viii, ix, xii, xvi, 11, 32, 34, 42, 44, 47, 53-97, 99, 111-112, 122-123, 129, 134, 161-162, 167, 172, 174, 176, 185, 189, 199, 201, 207, 257, 278, 402, 409, 417, 419, 423, 430

  Watergate scandal, xi, xx, 94, 330-331, 345, 352-353, 370-374, 381, 383-385, 397-398, 405, 409, 423, 438

  Wayne, "Mad Anthony," 79

  Webster, Daniel, 58, 147, 168-171, 175, 177, 214

  Weinberger, Caspar, 358

  West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, 272-274

  Western Union Telegraph Company, 323

  West Indies, 84, 86, 92, 132

  Whigs, 149, 173-174, 177-178, 191, 192-195, 197-198

  Whiskey Rebellion, 71-72, 129, 134, 207

  White, Leonard, 55, 168

  Whitewater scandal, 372, 380

  Wilkinson, James, 109-110, 123

  Willkie, Wendell, 301-302

  Wills, Gary, 138

  Wilson, James, 19, 21-22, 24-25, 29, 33, 41, 46

  Wilson, Woodrow, ix, xiii, 127, 294, 308, 360, 421, 438 "Women's Order," 238

  Wood, Gordon, 3, 11-12, 16-17, 39

  Worcester, Samuel, 155

  Worcester v. Georgia, 155-157

 

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