The Nazi and the Psychiatrist
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55In one of the abandoned offices Sprecher, Inside the Nuremberg Trial, 66.
56“The sudden change of environment” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 70.
56“Psychologically, I feel because of the environment” Göring to Kelley.
56“like that of a veteran star” Neave, On Trial at Nuremberg, 69.
56“an air of pregnancy” West, Train of Powder, 5.
56“Each day when I came to his cell” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 51–52.
57“the rosy dawn of an always better future” Ibid., 60
57“not by the tale, but by the teller” Ibid., 71.
57“If you have one German” Ibid., 72.
57He also enjoyed quoting from a notebook Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 103.
57On the table in his cell Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 59.
58“When her final illness came” Ibid., 60.
58“Thus did Göring try to appease” Ibid., 60.
58“I am quite convinced” Ibid., 61.
59another soldier malevolently or mistakenly Göring, My Life with Goering, 135–136.
59Edda resembled her father Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 169.
59“Germany has more diphtheria” Kelley, “Nuremberg Trial.”
60“For. . . his friends, for his family” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 62.
60“ability to carry out policy” Ibid., 52.
60“complete lack of moral value” “Goering Was Child in Adult World.”
60which the Reichsmarschall valued Ibid.
60“not the action of a man suddenly realizing he’s a pauper” Ibid.
60“Well, here is something just as good” Alice Kelley to Mandel, September 1, 1985.
61“a dreary calling indeed” Schacht, Confessions, 409.
61a tipsy fall while drinking Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 36.
61“immensely paranoid version of history” Brickner, Is Germany Curable? 221.
62a Nazi version of the Nobel Prize Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 42.
62a hat, an overcoat, a handkerchief Teich, “Inventory: Alfred Rosenberg.”
62“a tall, slender, flaccid, womanish creature” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 38.
62“I was more than casually interested” Ibid., 46.
62Rosenberg often could not complete his sentences Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 171.
63“lounging on his cot” Ibid., 141.
63Newspapers described his pornography “Streicher’s Lewd Sex Library.”
63“He was a dirty old man of the sort” West, Train of Powder, 5.
64Streicher was no stranger to the Nuremberg jail Davidson, Trial of the Germans, 44–45.
64“Twenty-four hours a day” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 142–143.
64Ley tried to commit suicide three times Ibid., 168.
64“Fell 2900 meters, pilot killed” Kelley, Bound Notebook of Interview Notes.
65He always claimed that a couple of jolts Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 118.
65“An inner voice drove me forward” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 152–153.
65“He gave the impression of being intellectually gifted” Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 118.
65“Often when I talked with him in his cell” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 154, 156.
65“who always saw the world through rose-colored glasses” Ibid., 155–156.
66He told Allied interrogators Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 47.
66Another nickname, “the movie actor” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 93–94, 98.
66“Doctor, what shall I do?” Kelley and Whitman, “Squeal, Nazi, Squeal!”
66“He walks up and down his cell” Schurr, “Gods Come Down.”
66“He is like a little boy” Schurr, “Gods Come Down.”
66“a typical bully, tough and arrogant” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 133–134.
67the arrival in Nuremberg of more than a hundred American legal staff Overy, Interrogations, 16.
67They reminded him of the directors of a business Kelley, “Nuremberg Trial.”
68These early investigators had thought Halleck, Psychiatric Aspects of Criminology, 8.
68in attempting to measure the psychological states Abrahamsen, Crime and the Human Mind, 8.
69By the 1930s, an enormous study Bromberg, Crime and the Mind, 82–84.
69Brickner tried to view the crimes Brickner, Is Germany Curable? 29, 151, 271.
70the German nation, including the Nazi regime Ibid., 32, 42.
70Brickner took pains to keep from tarring Ibid., 264–265.
CHAPTER 5: INKBLOTS
74“I had too much personal history” Triest, Telephone interview.
75Göring possessed the most undiluted self-centeredness Ross, “Dr. Douglas Kelley.”
75“He reached his goal too late” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 71.
75“That may well be” Ibid., 72.
75“In fact, when Göring chose” Dolibois, E-mail interview.
76During one talk Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 65.
76When the Reichsmarschall once declared Gilbert, “Goering.”
76informing Kelley that he felt relatively well Göring to Kelley.
77“He’s very anxious to be considered” Schurr, “Gods Come Down.”
78Prisoner Fritz Sauckel, who spent three years Sauckel to Kelley.
78“For three months I have been writing” Göring to Emmy Göring, October 10, 1945.
79“an honest and very humane man” Göring, My Life with Goering, 136.
79“Finally, finally a letter from you” Emmy Göring, to Hermann Göring, October 19, 1945.
79“You can well imagine how inexpressibly happy” Göring to Emmy Göring, 10/28/1945
80“To see [Edda’s] beloved handwriting” Göring to Emmy Goring, October 28, 1945.
80“It is my opinion that Frau Göring” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 62.
80gave him a distinctive military deportment Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 27.
80in accordance with a suggestion from his astrologer Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 175.
80“I had never flown that type of plane” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 24.
81even calling Hess insane Gilbert, Psychology of Dictatorship, 123.
81Churchill’s viewing of a Marx Brothers movie Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 72.
82“I denied any knowledge of military events” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 25.
82he disapproved of Hess’s drab taste Davidson, Trial of the Germans, 111.
83it was rumored that Hitler had even selected Hess’s wife Neave, On Trial at
83Nuremberg, 77.
83Hess refused to submit to similar treatments in the future Gilbert, Psychology of Dictatorship, 126.
83“such fallacious claims are typical” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 26.
83Hess flipped again Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 121.
83Jews were hypnotically controlling people Gilbert, Psychology of Dictatorship, 126.
83Hess tried to kill himself “Rudolf Hess: Report of British Observations and Findings.”
84The dull weapon Neave, On Trial at Nuremberg, 79; Gilbert, Psychology of Dictatorship, 126–127.
84The Russians, however, insisted Davidson, Trial of the Germans, 119.
84“Hess immediately recognized Göring” Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 72.
84his personal articles included a pocket watch Teich, “Inventory: Rudolf Hess.”
84“He was—as I expressed” Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 73.
84“where the only requirement” Ross, “Dr. Douglas Kelley.”
85during one of their earliest encounters Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 27.
85“While his demeanor was strictly formal” Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 172, 174.
85“Hess smiled, agreed to sign” Kelley, “Rudolf Hess.”
85“a profound neurotic of the hysterical type” Kelley, “Statement on Hess
.”
85“All through my life I’ve felt people might kill me” Kelley, Bound Notebook of Interview Notes.
85“and it is extremely likely that he will” Kelley, “Statement on Hess.”
85The psychiatrist wrote that it was possible Kelley to Commanding Officer.
86“if one considers the street as sanity” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 35.
86“We could have found out in two days” Davis, “Hitler Gang Just Ordinary Thugs, Psychiatrist Says.”
86“although in more than 1,86 such cases” Kelley to Commanding Officer.
86“Hess believes or has pretended” Ibid.
86rejected using it in Hess’ case Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 31.
86“Don’t you remember me, Rudolf?” Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 118.
87“Don’t you know me? You don’t recognize me?” Overy, Interrogations, 406.
88“wanted to preserve the fiction” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 35.
88“completely crazy” Overy, Interrogations, 121.
88“We knew all along that Hess wasn’t really normal” Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 166.
88“I can smell a Jew a mile away” Fry, Inside Nuremberg Prison, loc. 833.
88“unbelievably obscure and hazy” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 44.
89He told Kelley that his plan to elevate Nordic people Anspacher, “Psychiatrist Says Hitler Was Neurotic.”
89“This young officer is working for his country” Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 171.
89He looked decrepit for a fifty-two-year-old man Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 99.
89“extraordinary stupidity” Schacht, Confessions, 406.
89“a good possibility, however, that once he is sentenced” Kelley, “Psychiatric Profiles of Nazi Defendants.”
90“Your dark eye I have so often seen” Schirach, “Dem Tod.”
90Visitors to Schirach’s cell Neave, On Trial at Nuremberg, 97.
90“He had intervened to save several Jews” “Interview with Baldur Von Schirach.”
91nearly all of the Nazi prisoners suffered Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, ix.
91“I was to them a symbol” Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 173.
91which did not include Schacht, Confessions, 406.
91“At least we Catholics are responsible” Sprecher, Inside the Nuremberg Trial, 76.
92He now made a point of thanking prison staff Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 94.
92Frank had left the Church Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 175.
92“He feels essentially guilty” Kelley, “Psychiatric Profiles of Nazi Defendants.”
92“It was obvious that Frank” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 178–182.
92“one of the most integrated personalities” Kelley, “Psychiatric Profiles of Nazi Defendants.”
92“It is my opinion that Hitler used good judgment” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 128–129.
92Many wanted works by Goethe Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 131.
93“Authorize death of those people” Kelley, Bound Notebook of Interview Notes.
94“the most useful single technique” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 28.
94“one of the advantages of having your subject always on hand” Kelley, “Preliminary Studies of the Rorschach Records.”
94“Perhaps if the Nazis had not so whole-heartedly curtailed” Ibid.
95Kelley’s interpretation of Göring’s results Kelley, “Rorschach Report on Hermann Göring.”
95“a picture of a person of considerable intellectual endowment” Ibid.
95“not knowing how revealing” Kelley, “Hess Rorschach.”
96“although many of [the prisoners]” Kelley, “Preliminary Studies of the Rorschach Records.”
96The psychiatrist advanced a diagnosis of brain damage Ibid.
96“to produce the clearest possible picture” Ibid.
97“There is a man, a farmer” Kelley, “TAT Test Results: Goering.”
97“These are men who rest in the grass” Ibid.
98“shy little man” Kelley, Bound Notebook of Interview Notes.
98had asphyxiated himself “Dr. Conti Dead in Nuremberg.”
98Kelley rushed to the scene Klam and Kelley, “Clinical Lab Report.”
98“I have never been a coward” Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 87–88.
98ordered all chairs removed from prisoners’ cells Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 180.
98“it was a real chore to sit and listen” Roth, “Dr. Kelley Was Not Fooled.”
98“did not know that the inhibitory centers” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 156–157.
99Putting him and his colleagues on trial Ley, Statement.
99Kelley took notes on their responses Neave, On Trial at Nuremberg, 65.
99Göring was first Ibid., 69–70.
100Informed that he could choose his own lawyer Ibid., 71–73.
100Hess received the group Ibid., 79–81.
101“Be a man, Funk!” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 170.
101Only Dönitz appeared to expect the indictment Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 121.
101“I could kick myself” Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 119.
CHAPTER 6: INTERLOPER
103treating what he called “misfit soldiers” “Trial of Adolf Eichmann (Part 1).”
103“I had naturally been interested” Gilbert, Nuremberg Diary, 3.
104“Psychology, above all” “Trial of Adolf Eichmann (Part 9).”
104he knew little of the field’s clinical applications Zillmer et al., Quest for the Nazi Personality, 40.
104“with all due respect, Andrus would not have known” Ibid., 40.
104an appointment that was never made official Ibid., 39.
104“Right from the beginning, he made no secret” Dolibois, E-mail interview.
104had no official description or classification Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 187.
104“I suppose I could have identified myself” Dolibois, E-mail interview.
105“There was just one limitation on this” “Trial of Adolf Eichmann (Part 1).”
105“neither at the behest of the defense counsel” Ibid.
105“the trial itself as a vehicle” Gilbert, Nuremberg Diary, 3–4.
105“because some of it was so incredible” “Trial of Adolf Eichmann (Part 1).”
106“they never had anything against Jews” “Trial of Adolf Eichmann (Part 1).”
106“a young man whose career might be helped” Alice Kelley to Mandel, September 1, 1985.
106Kelley wrote an update of Ley’s psychiatric condition Kelley, “Mental Examination of Robert Ley”; Kelley to Donovan, October 26, 1945.
107“The lifeless body of the onetime leader” Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 188.
107“Such a death is both slow and painful” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 171.
107“They were trying to hum a funeral march” Sprecher, Inside the Nuremberg Trial, 121.
107“What a way to die” Dodd and Bloom, Letters from Nuremberg, 181.
108“could not be allowed to happen again” Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 91.
108after a package arrived for one of the trial witnesses Ibid., 127.
108“It’s just as well” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 73–74.
108“could never have successfully been tried” Kelley, “Nuremberg Trial.”
108“kindly made. . . available for post mortem examination” Kelley, “Preliminary Studies of the Rorschach Records.”
109“long-standing degenerative process” Zillmer et al., Quest for the Nazi Personality, 31.
109a finding that microscopic study confirmed Kelley, “Preliminary Studies of the Rorschach Records.”
109“were of a lesser scope” Zillmer et al., Quest for the Nazi Personality, 32.
110“All of this bespeaks impotence” Gilbert, Psychology of Dictatorship, 128–129.
110“much better than the s
tuff” Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 130.
110Keitel similarly complained Gilbert, “Keitel Interview.”
111“I can’t tell” Gilbert, “Hess Thematic Apperception Test.”
111“Any financial wizard who is good at arithmetic” Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 130.
111“IQ dictates nothing but the mere intellectual efficiency” Gilbert, Nuremberg Diary, 32.
111“From what I’ve seen of them” Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 130.
112“It wouldn’t be too bad” “Interview with Hans Fritzsche.”
112“gentlemen who called themselves psychiatrists” Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 129.
112he expressed his dissatisfaction with the legality Neave, On Trial at Nuremberg, 220.
112who professed certainty that Göring was completely innocent Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, 122.
112Five days after Kelley’s last letter-carrying mission Göring, My Life with Goering, 136.
112Emmy had been arrested at her residence Dolibois, Pattern of Circles, 169.
112His daughter Edda was separated Lebert and Lebert, My Father’s Keeper, 202.
112“one of the darkest days of my life” Göring, My Life with Goering, 137.
113A separation of mother and daughter was not good care Kelley to Donovan, November 9, 1945.
113seven weeks passed Göring, My Life with Goering, 139.
113“his mental and physical health” Andrus to Commanding General.
113A former Luftwaffe officer scrounged up a straw mattress Göring, My Life with Goering, 139.
113secretly passed to her Lebert and Lebert, My Father’s Keeper, 204.
113“I was pleased for myself” Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, 35–36.
114“You see, I was right” Ibid., 56.
114“You know I shall hang” Ibid., 71.
114“I do not recognize the trial’s legal jurisdiction” Ibid., 75.
115“It was not cowardly of Hitler” Ibid., 73.
115“He naturally denied any perversions” Ibid., 61.
115Göring told Kelley and translator Triest Fry, Inside Nuremberg Prison, loc. 635–643.
116“Göring hasn’t changed a bit” Schurr, “Gods Come Down.”
116“He readily admitted that the writing” Kelley, “Rudolf Hess.”
116showing him newsreel films Andrus, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, 118; Tucker, “Hess Gloomily Views Newsreels of Himself.”