Escape from Davao
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on Erie Maru, 112–15
in escape planning, 114–15, 142, 152–53, 161, 162, 166, 174, 177–78, 180–81
in march to Davao, 117
at Peleliu, 341
postwar career of, 341
in San Francisco, 299–300
Dobervich, Mike, in escape from Davao:
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 198–200, 205, 210, 227
and division of group at Medina, 259–60
evacuated by USS Narwhal, 296–99
first day, 186, 190–91
Kapunagagan to Medina, 229–30
at Medina, 247, 252
in USFIP, 247
Dobervich, Obrad, 48
“dogfaces,” 34–35, 372n
Domei news agency, 69, 322
Donalson, I. B. “Jack,” 51–52
Don Esteban, 84
Donohoe, Jack, 14, 66, 196, 223
Doolittle Raid, 250
Japanese execution of captured fliers from, 285, 311
Dower, John, 285
drop foot, 131
dry beriberi, 131
Duck (biplane), 49, 50, 51–52, 57
Dueñas, Magdaleno, 230, 234, 350
Dumanquilas Bay, 265, 270–73
Dunmore, Pa., 85
Dutch East Indies, 16, 23, 30, 109
Dyess, Elizabeth Nell, 12
Dyess, Hallie, 2, 3, 13, 294
Dyess, John, 12
Dyess, Marajen Stevick, 2, 13, 279, 293, 300, 301, 305
Dyess, Richard, 2, 3, 12–13, 295, 305, 310
Dyess, William Edwin “Ed,” ix, 1, 11, 15, 36, 44, 54, 197
Albany (Texas) speech of, 293–96
in Ashford Hospital, 277–80, 288, 293
atrocities recounted by, see atrocity stories, of Dyess
background of, 12–13
on Bataan Death March, 61–62, 64–65, 70–71, 72–73, 82, 306
book deal of, 341
as bull-cart driver, 145–46, 161, 172–75
in Burbank, 300–305
at Cabanatuan, 96, 97–98, 100–103, 107–9
at Camp O’Donnell, 76, 78, 82–83, 306
at Davao, 122, 128, 144–46, 151–53, 155, 160–61, 165–66, 171–75, 177, 179–80, 196
debriefings of, 3, 274, 277
diseases contracted by, 97–98, 144
DSC awarded to, 275
on Erie Maru, 114–15
in escape planning, 114–15, 151–53, 161, 166, 171–75, 177, 179–80, 306
and FEAF evacuation of Bataan, 51–52
fatal crash of, 302–6, 318
flying as love of, 12–13
479th Fighter Group assignment of, 302
Fourth Air Force assignment of, 294
funeral of, 306–7
gag order on, 278, 285–86, 293, 300
as natural leader, 14, 18, 53, 54, 65, 82, 264, 288
religious faith of, 13, 98, 190
selflessness of, 305–6
sense of humor of, 13–14, 41
Soldier’s Medal awarded to, 348
in Subic Bay raid, 3, 39–43, 114, 146, 278
surrender of, 56–57
as 21st Squadron commander, 8, 17, 18, 20, 125
War Department deposition of, 277–78
Dyess, William Edwin “Ed”, in escape from Davao, 244, 298, 306
in Australia, 274–76, 284
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 199–207, 211, 213, 216–17, 220–21, 227
first day, 185–90, 192–93, 195
Kapungagan to Medina, 233
Medina to Dumanquilas Bay, 256–62, 263–64, 266, 268–71
Dyess Air Force Base, 348
Dyess legend, 278–79
Dyess Story, The (Dyess), 341
dysentery, 78, 96, 245
Early, Stephen, 314–16, 323–24
East Road, 63, 65, 68, 70
Eden, Anthony, 322
Einstein, Albert, 326
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 34, 371n-72n
elephantiasis, 96
Ellis, Roland, 304
El Salvador, Misamis Oriental, 184, 248
Emmons, Delos C., 322
encephalitis, 96
Enola Gay, 331
Enoura Maru, xiii
Erie Maru, 60, 110–16, 136, 141, 154, 343
escape plans:
of combined group, 157, 158–67, 168, 170–81
of Dyess group, 114–15, 142, 151–57
equipment and food supplies for, 161–62, 170–74, 179
last-minute postponement of, 177–78
of McCoy group, 133–35, 139–40, 146–50, 156–57
quinine tablets for, 174–76
see also Davao escapees
Esperanza, 184, 235
Espionage Act (1917), 286
Esquire, 3
Europe First strategy, 32–33, 282, 283–84, 321, 328, 331
Executive Order 9066, 31
Executive Order 9182, 281
Far East Air Force, U.S. (FEAF), 16, 38, 54
3rd Pursuit Squadron, 17
5th Interceptor Command, 7, 44
17th Pursuit Squadron, 7
20th Pursuit Squadron, 20, 39
21st Pursuit Squadron, 2, 7, 15–16, 17, 18, 20, 62, 82, 125, 339
Far East Air Force, U.S. (FEAF) (cont.)
evacuation from Bataan of, 51–52
as understrength, 15
Farm Project No. 1 (Lanao airfield), 289, 297, 317
FBI, 250
Federated Organizations for Bataan Relief, 332
Fertig, Wendell W., 184, 242, 247, 251, 261, 296, 344, 345
DSC awarded to, 350
escapees and, 253–60, 264–65, 286–87
and Lanao airfield project, 289
megalomania of, 255–56
postwar career of, 350
as self-promoted general, 254–55
Filipino civilians:
Bataan Death March and, 66, 67
at Davao, 123, 128
Japanese atrocities and violence against, 102–3, 107, 218
Manila POW march and, 90
Filipino convicts (colonos), 123, 128, 149, 162, 165, 191
Filipino POWs, 64, 79
Japanese atrocities against, 67, 98
First Amendment, 301, 333
Florida, Davao Province, 184, 230
Ford, Nevil, 325
Formosa, 8, 16, 249, 349
Formosans, as camp guards, 101–2, 110, 128–30
Fort McKinley, Luzon, 23, 88
Fortune, 331
Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 3, 329, 331–32
Fort Wright hospital, 292–93
Freeman, 240
Funston, Herby, 322
General Fertig, 265, 270–72
Geneva Convention:
Article 51 of, 105
Japan’s failure to ratify, 68, 197
POW labor prohibited by, 123–24
George, Harold H. “Pursuit,” 7–8, 12, 15, 38–39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 53, 54, 258
Germany, Nazi, 30, 32, 310, 335
Gilbert, Roy, 106–8
Gilbert Islands, U.S. invasion of, 328
Gingoog, 184, 242, 243
Glattly, Harold W., 373n
Glendale, Calif., 302
Gonzaga University, 18, 339
Gowman, Howard C., 303–4
Grafton, Samuel, 331
Grand Central Air Terminal, Glendale, 302
Grande Island, 40
Grant, Ulysses S., 56
Grashio, Sam, 14, 15–16, 17, 43, 50, 53, 54, 197, 263–64, 301, 318, 348
background of, 17–18
on Bataan Death March, 63, 64, 65–66, 67, 70, 71–72
at Cabanatuan, 96–98, 102, 107, 109, 110, 202
at Camp O’Donnell, 81, 82
at Davao, 119, 122, 125–26, 144, 152–53, 156, 158–61, 163–66, 171–76, 179–80, 196
and Dyess’s death, 305–6
on Erie Maru, 111
in escape planning, 152–53, 156, 158–59, 161, 163–64, 166
, 171–76, 179–80, 390n
flying as love of, 18
in Fort Wright hospital, 292–93
gag order on, 292–93
interviews and radio broadcasts of, 326
and Japanese strike on Clark Field, 18–20
postwar career of, 339
and POW families, 338–39
religious faith of, 98, 206–7
as War Bond drive spokesman, 337–39
Grashio, Sam, in escape from Davao:
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 198–99, 201–2, 204–7, 208, 212, 220, 225, 228
and division of group at Medina, 260
evacuated by USS Bowfin, 288–90
first day, 185, 190, 193–94
Kapungagan to Medina, 230–32, 234
Great Britain:
atrocity stories and, 314, 316
as committed to Pacific war, 328
Europe First strategy of, 32, 284
and Japanese Pacific offensive, 16, 30
Great Depression, 9, 18, 32, 137
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 67, 111, 122–23
Greenman, Robert L., 44
Grew, Joseph C., 320
Gripsholm, 280, 283, 284, 287, 300, 312, 324
Grogan, Stanley, 314–16, 327
Groves, Leslie, 331
Grumman J2F Duck, 49, 50, 51–52, 57
Guadalcanal, Battle of, 101, 193, 333
Guadalupe, 235
Guam, 16, 30
guerrillas, Filipino-American, 209, 234–35, 269–70, 272
106th Division, 249, 253
110th Division, 236, 239–40, 242, 260, 349
110th Regiment, 242
113th Regiment, 242
114th Regiment, 242, 247, 297
115th Regiment, 265, 269
130th Regiment, 218, 226–27, 229–30, 232–34
civilian aid to, 241
command structure of, 242
differing priorities of GHQ (Australia) and, 241–42, 345
diverse makeup of, 240–41
in Lungaog, 212–18
shortages of matériel and trained officers for, 240, 242
Gupitan, 184, 232
Haggerty, Edward, 249, 251, 264, 276, 334
hakko ichiu, 8
Hamilton Field, San Francisco, 8, 13, 292, 339
Harris, Bill, 88
Hart, Thomas, 21
Hartmann, George, 310
Hawaii, feared invasion of, 30, 35
Hawkins, Andrew Jackson, 47
Hawkins, Jack, 89–90, 337
background of, 47–48
Bay of Pigs and, 348
at Cabanatuan, 93–101, 103–9, 110
on Corregidor, 46, 48–49, 74–75, 86, 87–88
at Davao, 124–29, 141–42, 152–56, 158, 162–63, 166–67, 168–71, 174–78, 180–81
DSC awarded to, 299–300
on Erie Maru, 112–15
in escape planning, 114–15, 142, 152–53, 158, 162–63, 166–67, 174–78, 180–81
film treatment written by, 340–41, 374n
in Korean War, 348
in march to Davao, 116–18
at Okinawa, 347
postwar career of, 348
in San Francisco, 299–300
Hawkins, Jack, in escape from Davao:
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 199–200, 202–3, 205, 207, 210–11, 214, 218
and division of group at Medina, 259–60
evacuated by USS Narwhal, 296–99
first day, 185–86, 188–94
Kapungagan to Medina, 230–32
Hawkins, John, 47
Hawkins, Rhea, 340
Healy, George, 314, 316
hellships (POW transports), 111–12, 349
inadvertent Allied attacks on, xiii, 111, 187, 322, 343–44, 352, 353
hemp industry, 122
Hermosa, 60
Hersey, John, 37
Hewlett, Frank, 37, 44–45
Hill, Lister, 321
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 68, 69, 321, 351
Hiroshima, atomic bomb dropped on, 331
Hoku Maru, 89
Homma, Masaharu, 23, 35, 55, 56, 67
Bataan Death March and, 68–69
trial and execution of, 352–53
Hong Kong, 16, 30, 149, 322
hookworm, 36
Hopkins, Harry, 321
Hornet, USS, 250
House of Commons, British, 322
House of Representatives, U.S.:
Foreign Affairs Committee of, 321
Military Affairs Committee of, 321
see also Congress, U.S.
Howard, Samuel L., 49
Hoyt, Edwin Palmer “Ep,” 310, 311, 314, 324, 332, 333
Hozumi, Yoshimasa, 102–3, 110, 116, 117, 129, 130, 141, 153, 159, 162, 175–76, 177, 178, 196, 198, 221, 352
Hull, Cordell, 313, 320
Humber, Charles “Polly,” 170
Iba Field, Luzon, 12, 20
Igat Bay, 265, 270
Igat Island, 270
Iligan, 184
Iloilo, 6, 57, 113
Imperial General Headquarters, Japanese, 12, 55
Imperial Japanese Army, 113, 240, 344
corporal punishment tolerated in, 69
14th Army, 23, 55, 69
invasion of northern Mindanao by, 257, 260–62, 264, 266–68, 297
Imperial Japanese Navy, 30, 66, 113, 150, 272
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, 8
11th Air Fleet, 16–17
Inchon, 348
Ind, Allison, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 258, 260, 274
India, 328, 334
Indianapolis, Ind., 23, 325
Indianapolis Times, 346
influenza epidemic of 1918, 85
International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), 351–53
Intramuros, 10, 92
Italy, 32, 324
Iwahig Penal Colony, 123
Iwanaka, Yasuaki, 101
Iwanaka Educational Unit, 101, 110
J2F Duck, 49, 50, 51–52
Japan:
army of, see Imperial Japanese Army
expansionism of, 8
military might of, 10
navy of, see Imperial Japanese Navy
Pacific offensive of, 16, 30
racial hatred in, 69
secret police of, 91, 92
seen as lesser threat to Allies than Germany, 32