19 Taylor, Manliness, 5.
20 Stone, The Work of New England, 22, 16, 19.
21 Moses D. Hoge to Robert Dabney, July 18, 1865, Manuscript Archives, Union Theological Seminary, Richmond.
42. “VENGEANCE UPON SOUTH CAROLINA”
1 Waring’s letter is reprinted in Redkey, Grand Army of Black Men, 73-76.
2 Sherman, Memoirs, 747.
3 Barrett, Sherman’s March, 45—62.
4 Quoted in Royster, Destructive War, 5.
5 Ibid., 9-10.
6 Sherman, Memoirs, 766.
7 Quoted in Royster, Destructive War, 20, 22.
8 Ibid., 23.
9 O.R., series I, vol. 47, pt. 1 309 (War of the Rebellion).
10 See Lowry, Story the Soldiers Wouldn’t Tell.
11 Quoted in Campbell, When Sherman Marched North from the Sea, 46.
12 Quoted in ibid., 66.
13 Simms, Sack and Destruction, 49.
14 Ibid., 55.
15 In Mothers of Invention, 238-44, Faust describes demoralization among elite Confederate women that set in during the war’s final year. See also Edwards, Scarlett Doesn’t Live Here Anymore, 83-85. But in When Sherman Marched North from the Sea, 69, Campbell discovers a different pattern among South Carolina women, especially the women of Columbia.
16 Simms, Sack and Destruction, 84—85.
17 Grant, Memoirs, 681.
18 Quoted in Janda, “Shutting the Gates of Mercy, 15.
19 Campbell, When Sherman Marched North from the Sea, 56.
20 American Presbyterian, February 23, 1865.
21 New York Evangelist, February 3, 1865.
22 New York Observer, June 18, 1865.
23 Halleck to Sherman, December 18, 1864, O.R., series 1, 44, 741 (War of the Rebellion).
24 Philadelphia Inquirer, April 8, 1865.
43. “LET US STRIVE ON TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN”
1 See White, Lincoln’s Greatest Speech.
2 Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 7:282.
3 American Presbyterian, March 9 and March 16, 1865.
4 New York Observer, March 9, 1865.
5 The United Daughters of the Confederacy arguably played the single most important role in remembering Northern injustices to civilians and promoting the Religion of the Lost Cause. See Cox, Dixie’s Daughters.
6 Quoted in Campbell, When Sherman Marched North from the Sea, 91.
7 Sherman, Memoirs, 811-12.
8 Grant, Memoirs, 434.
9 Robert E. Lee to His Wife, February 21, 1865, in Dowdey Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 907.
10 Dabney, “Sermon on Matthew 24:44,”March 5, 1865, John Blair Dabney Manuscripts, 1795-1868,” Virginia Historical Society.
11 Dowdey, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 908.
12 Ibid., 911.
13 Richmond Examiner, March 13, 1865.
14 Dabney, “Sermon on Job 13:15,” March 10, 1865, John Blair Dabney Manuscripts 1795-1868, Virginia Historical Society.
15 Dabney, “Sermon on Hebrews 6:4-6,” March 26, 1865, in ibid.
44. “RICHMOND! BABYLON IS FALLEN!!”
1 Dowdey, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 913.
2 See Brooks D. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 415.
3 Ibid., 425.
4 Dowdey, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 925.
5 For this account, I have relied on Hoehling and Hoehling, The Day Richmond Died, 108-55.
6 Furgurson, Ashes of Glory, 326-40.
7 Richmond Daily Whig, April 2, 1865.
8 Putnam, Richmond during the War, 367.
9 Quoted in McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 847.
10 . Philadelphia Inquirer, April 4, 1865.
11 Ibid., April 8, 1865.
12 Sheridan, Memoirs, 2:180-81, 187.
13 Grant, Memoirs, 727-28.
14 Brooks D. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 419.
15 Dowdey, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 933.
16 Sheridan, Memoirs, 2:194.
17 Grant, Memoirs, 736-41.
18 Ibid., 744.
19 Ibid., 934-35.
20 Trulock, In the Hands of Providence, 304-5.
21 Brooks D. Simpson, “Facilitating Defeat” in Grimsley and Simpson, Collapse of the Confederacy, 96.
22 Sheridan, Memoirs, 2:203-4.
23 Ibid., 939.
24 See Winik, April 1865, 323.
25 Quoted in Campbell, When Sherman Marched North from the Sea, 95.
26 Ibid., 108.
27 Grimsley, “Learning to Say ‘Enough,’” in Grimsley and Simpson, Collapse of the Confederacy, 64.
45. “THE MAN DIES, BUT THE CAUSE LIVES”
1 Winik, April 1865, 272.
2 D. M. Corthell to W P. Carthell, May 8, 1865, Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 6, AAS.
3 James Bates to William Carhell, April 24, 1865, Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 6, AAS.
4 Philadelphia Inquirer, April 15, 1865.
5 Morgan, Joy Darkened, 8, 16.
6 In his content analysis of 372 sermons preached on Lincoln between April 16 and June 1, Charles J. Sewart finds “no difference” between the vengeful sentiments of preachers and those of the general public. Virtually to a man they played to themes of hatred, revenge, and a radical reconstruction of the South; see “The Pulpit and the Assassination of Lincoln,” 299-307. See also Chesebrough, “No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow, 53-65.
7 Boardman, Death of President Lincoln, 13, 16.
8 Patterson, Eulogy on Abraham Lincoln, 21.
9 Holzer, Boritt, and Neely, The Lincoln Image, 205, 208.
10 Putnam, Richmond during the War, 381.
11 Fellman, “Lincoln and Sherman,” in Boritt, Lincoln’s Generals, 157-59.
12 Sherman, Memoirs, 813.
13 American Presbyterian, April 13, 1865. For similar sentiments, see, for example, the New York Evangelist, April 20, 1865.
14 New York Observer, April 27, 1865.
15 Bliss, Discourse Commemorative of the Life and Character of Abraham Lincoln, 8, 15.
16 Blight, Frederick Douglass’ Civil War, III.
17 Storrs, An Oration Commemorative of President Abraham Lincoln, 35; and Joseph Thompson, Abraham Lincoln, 13.
18 Beard, Fast Day Sermon, 12, and Hall, President Lincoln’s Death, 10-11.
19 Marvin, “Sermon on Ecclesiastes 3:2,” April 16, 1865, in Manuscript Collections, AAS.
20 Thompson, Abraham Lincoln, 34.
21 Chamberlain, Assassination of President Lincoln, 20.
22 Grant, Memoirs, 755-56.
23 Simon et al., Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 15:30.
24 Christian Herald, April 27, 1865.
25 American Presbyterian, April 13, 1865.
26 Ibid., November 1, 1865.
27 See, for example, the Christian Herald, June 1, 1865.
AFTERWORD
1 See Anderson and Cayton, Dominion of War.
2 Bailyn, Ideological Origins of the American Revolution.
3 See Ayers, “Worrying about the Civil War,” in Halttunen and Perry, Moral Problems in American Life, 144-65.
4 See Janda’s “Shutting the Gates of Mercy,” 7-26, and Weeks, Farewell, My Nation.
5 Quoted in Weeks, Farewell, My Nation, 144-45.
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